2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Endogenous Metabolite
  4. 4-Hydroxynonenal

4-Hydroxynonenal  (Synonyms: 4-HNE)

Cat. No.: HY-113466 Purity: 98.57%
COA Handling Instructions

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4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria.

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4-Hydroxynonenal Chemical Structure

4-Hydroxynonenal Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 75899-68-2

Size Price Stock Quantity
Liquid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 154 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 154 In-stock
Liquid
5 mg USD 140 In-stock
10 mg USD 220 In-stock
25 mg USD 450 In-stock
50 mg USD 720 In-stock
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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of 4-Hydroxynonenal:

4-Hydroxynonenal Related Antibodies

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Description

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target[1]

ALDH2

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

4-Hydroxynonenal is both a substrate and an inhibitor of ALDH2; inhibition of ALDH2 by 4-Hydroxynonenal is reversible at low concentration and become irreversible when the concentration of 4-HNE reaches 10 μM[1].
4-Hydroxynonenal can induce antioxidant defense mechanisms to restrain its own production and to enhance the cellular protection against oxidative stress[1].
4-Hydroxynonenal, the product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and genotoxic in viruses, bacteria and mammalian cells. It reacts with all four DNA bases but with different efficiency: G >C > A >T. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG represents the best biomarker of the genotoxic effects of 4-Hydroxynonenal and these adducts are primarily found in nuclear DNA. A classic example of etiological relevance of 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG in human cancers is 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG induced p53 mutation. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG adducts were preferentially formed at the third base of codon 249 in the p53 gene, causing gene mutation and affecting diverse biological processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and differentiation[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

4-Hydroxynonenal Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Following 24 h after fluid percussion injury (FPI), the mouse brain tissue is analyzed for the expression level of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE. Both wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2-/-) results in increased expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal following 15 psi injury (moderate injury) when compared to uninjured Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice. Similar to iNOS result, in Nrf2-/- KO mice, the expression level of 4-Hydroxynonenal is significantly high when compared to corresponding injured and uninjured Nrf2+/+ WT animals[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

156.22

Formula

C9H16O2
CAS No.
Appearance

Liquid

Color

Colorless to light yellow

SMILES

CCCCCC(O)/C=C/C=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (640.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.4012 mL 32.0061 mL 64.0123 mL
5 mM 1.2802 mL 6.4012 mL 12.8025 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.31 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥99.0%

COA (241 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 6.4012 mL 32.0061 mL 64.0123 mL 160.0307 mL
5 mM 1.2802 mL 6.4012 mL 12.8025 mL 32.0061 mL
10 mM 0.6401 mL 3.2006 mL 6.4012 mL 16.0031 mL
15 mM 0.4267 mL 2.1337 mL 4.2675 mL 10.6687 mL
20 mM 0.3201 mL 1.6003 mL 3.2006 mL 8.0015 mL
25 mM 0.2560 mL 1.2802 mL 2.5605 mL 6.4012 mL
30 mM 0.2134 mL 1.0669 mL 2.1337 mL 5.3344 mL
40 mM 0.1600 mL 0.8002 mL 1.6003 mL 4.0008 mL
50 mM 0.1280 mL 0.6401 mL 1.2802 mL 3.2006 mL
60 mM 0.1067 mL 0.5334 mL 1.0669 mL 2.6672 mL
80 mM 0.0800 mL 0.4001 mL 0.8002 mL 2.0004 mL
100 mM 0.0640 mL 0.3201 mL 0.6401 mL 1.6003 mL
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4-Hydroxynonenal Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

4-Hydroxynonenal75899-68-24-HNEAldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)Endogenous MetaboliteCancermitochondriaoxidativenitrosativestressbiomarkergenotoxicInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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