Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Definition:

Reduces disulfideprotein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form. Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. Contains a selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site that is essential for catalysis (Probable). Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).; [Isoform 1]: Induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions.; [Isoform 4]: Enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2.; [Isoform 5]: Enhances the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor ESR2 only. Mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.

References:

[1]. E R Hofmann, et al. Thioredoxin reductase mediates cell death effects of the combination of beta interferon and retinoic acid. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Nov;18(11):6493-504. [Content Brief]

[2]. Karin Fritz-Wolf, et al. The structure of human thioredoxin reductase 1 provides insights into C-terminal rearrangements during catalysis. J Mol Biol. 2007 Jun 29;370(1):116-27. [Content Brief]

[3]. T Tamura, et al. A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells: purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 6;93(3):1006-11. [Content Brief]

[4]. Anastasios E Damdimopoulos, et al. An alternative splicing variant of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is a modulator of estrogen signaling. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38721-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. Pascal Dammeyer, et al. Induction of cell membrane protrusions by the N-terminal glutaredoxin domain of a rare splice variant of human thioredoxin reductase 1. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 1;283(5):2814-21. [Content Brief]

[6]. L Zhong, et al. Essential role of selenium in the catalytic activities of mammalian thioredoxin reductase revealed by characterization of recombinant enzymes with selenocysteine mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 16;275(24):18121-8. [Content Brief]

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