Thyroglobulin

Definition:

Acts as a substrate for the production of iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The synthesis of T3 and T4 involves iodination of selected tyrosine residues of TG/thyroglobulin followed by their oxidative coupling in the thyroid follicle lumen. Following TG re-internalization and lysosomal-mediated proteolysis, T3 and T4 are released from the polypeptide backbone leading to their secretion into the bloodstream. One dimer produces 7 thyroid hormone molecules.

References:

[1]. Francesca Coscia, et al. The structure of human thyroglobulin. Nature. 2020 Feb;578(7796):627-630. [Content Brief]

[2]. Mariela Caputo, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism with goitre caused by new mutations in the thyroglobulin gene. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Sep;67(3):351-7. [Content Brief]

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