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TrxR-IN-5 (compound 4f) is a potent TrxR (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. TrxR-IN-5 increases the levels of ROS, thus leading to potent antiproliferative effects. TrxR-IN-5 exhibits prominent anticacer and anti-metastasis effects .
TrxR-IN-4 (Compound 1b) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR. TrxR-IN-4 induces HepG2 cells apoptosis by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). TrxR-IN-4 improves the CCl4-induced liver damage in vivo by down-regulation of TrxR expression and inflammation level .
TrxR inhibitor D9 is a potent and selective inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), with an EC50 of 2.8 nM. TrxR inhibitor D9 has the capability to inhibit tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo .
TrxR-IN-3 (Compound 2c) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR. TrxR-IN-3 exhibits potent antiproliferative activities against five human cancer cell lines, especially against breast tumor cells. TrxR-IN-3 increases ROS levels and resulted in marked apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related proteins expressed in the breast cancer cells. TrxR-IN-3 also triggers the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes by promoting the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 and diminishing the expression of LC3-I and p62 proteins .
TrxR-IN-2, a potential thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, represents a promising candidate drug for the chemoresearch of drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma.
TrxR-IN-6 (compound 1d) is a TrxR inhibitor that induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and has anticancer activity. TrxR-IN-6 can further lead to redox system collapse, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and DNA damage. Finally, it causes oxidative stress and induces apoptosis .
TrxR1-IN-B19 (GO-Y015) (Compound B19) is a Curcumin (HY-N0005) derivative and colvalent TrxR1 inhibitor. TrxR1-IN-B19 inhibits TrxR1 enzyme activity to elevate oxidative stress, and then induce ROS-mediated ER Stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, subsequently resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .
TRFS-green is a highly selective off−on fluorescent probe for imaging selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in living cells. TRFS-green has the maximum absorbance at around 373 nm. After it is activated by TrxR, the maximum absorbance shifts to around 440 nm .
Fast-TRFS is a selective and superfast fluorogenic probe of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Fast-TRFS can be used for imaging TrxR activity in live cells .
Ethaselen (BBSKE) is an orally active, selective thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 and 0.35 μM for the wild-type human TrxR1 and rat TrxR1, respectively. Ethaselen specifically binds to the unique selenocysteine-cysteine redox pair in the C-terminal active site of mammalian TrxR1. Ethaselen, an organoselenium compound, is a potent antitumor candidate that exerts potent inhibition on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting TrxR .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent and selective oncogenic PKCι signaling inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium inhibits tumor cell proliferation and not cell apoptosis. Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium, an anti-rheumatoid agent, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity .
DVD-445 (Compound 7) is a potent peptidomimetic covalent thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.60 μM for rat TrxR1. DVD-445 has good anticancer application .
ROS-generating agent 1 (Compound 2c) covalently modifies the Sec-498 residue of TrxR to generate ROS. ROS-generating agent 1 reduces intracellular TrxR protein level. ROS-generating agent 1 results in ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis of NCI-H460 cells. ROS-generating agent 1 has anti-cancer activities .
CPUL1 is a TrxR inhibitor, which shows proliferation-inhibitory and anti-metastatic activity against A549 cells. CPUL1 influences EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) via inducing ROS-mediated ERK/JNK signaling by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. CPUL1 in combination with α-Lipoic Acid (HY-N0492) or Dithiodipropionic acid (HY-W014395) is more effective .
Chaetocin is a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SU(VAR)3-9 with an IC50 of 0.6 μM for SU(VAR)3-9. It also inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with an IC50 of 4 μM.
PMX464 (AW 464), a thiol-reactive quinol, is the inhibitor of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) system. PMX464 can inhibit NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory activation of human type II alveolar epithelial cells .
ZC0101 is a potent, orally active IDO1 and TrxR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.084 μM and 7.98 μM, respectively. ZC0101 effectively induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells .
Auranofin (SKF-39162) is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Auranofin exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV21, with a CC50 of 4.2 μM for monkey kidney Vero E6 cells.
Nitrovin hydrochloride is an antibacterial growth promoter. Nitrovin hydrochloride induces ROS-mediated non-apoptotic and apoptotic-like cell death by targeting TrxR1. Nitrovin hydrochloride has anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 1.31-6.60 μM for tumor and normal cells .
Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose), containing monovalent gold ion, is a potent active-site inhibitor of TrxR1 (thioredoxin reductase 1), with an IC50 of 65 nM. Aurothioglucose inhibits the DNA binding of NF-κB in vitro. Aurothioglucose shows anti-HIV and anti-rheumatic activities .
MitoCur-1, a curcumin analogue, is an inhibitor of mitochondrial antioxidative thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2). MitoCur-1 has electrophilic and mitochondrial-targeting properties. MitoCur-1 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, exerts specifically antitumor efficacy .
ZC0109 is a dual inhibitor of IDO1 and thioredoxin reductase 1(TrxR1) with IC50s of 50 nM and 3.0 μM, respectively. ZC0109 induces ROS accumulation and cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase, thus leads to cancer cells apoptosis .
Eprenetapopt (APR-246) is a first-in-class, small molecule that restores wild-type p53 functions in TP53-mutant cells. Eprenetapopt triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. Eprenetapopt also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance .
Aurothioglucose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aurothioglucose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose), containing monovalent gold ion, is a potent active-site inhibitor of TrxR1 (thioredoxin reductase 1), with an IC50 of 65 nM. Aurothioglucose inhibits the DNA binding of NF-κB in vitro. Aurothioglucose shows anti-HIV and anti-rheumatic activities .
Dithiodipropionic acid can interact with CPUL1 (HY-151802, a TrxR inhibitor) to form nanoaggregates (CPUL1-DA NAs). CPUL1-DA NAs generates more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, and improves antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cancer cells .
Fast-TRFS is a selective and superfast fluorogenic probe of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Fast-TRFS can be used for imaging TrxR activity in live cells .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Thioredoxin reductase peptide TFA corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research. Thioredoxin reductase acts as a reductant of disulfide-containing proteins and plays crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense .
Thioredoxin reductase peptide corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research. Thioredoxin reductase acts as a reductant of disulfide-containing proteins and plays crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense .
Chaetocin is a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SU(VAR)3-9 with an IC50 of 0.6 μM for SU(VAR)3-9. It also inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with an IC50 of 4 μM.
The homodimeric flavoprotein TRXR1/TXNRD1 plays a key role in cellular redox regulation, growth and differentiation. It reduces the disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form and exhibits reductase activity towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived TRXR1/TXNRD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human (His) is 487 a.a., with molecular weight of ~55 kDa.
The homodimeric flavoprotein TRXR1/TXNRD1 plays a key role in cellular redox regulation, growth and differentiation. It reduces the disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form and exhibits reductase activity towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human (N-His) is the recombinant human-derived TRXR1/TXNRD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human (N-His) is 487 a.a., with molecular weight of ~60 kDa.
Thioredoxin Reductase 2 Antibody (YA661) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 57 kDa, targeting to Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (3F2). It can be used for WB assays with tag free, in the background of Human.
