1. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Autophagy
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  3. Fenretinide

Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid deriverative, binding to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) at concentrations necessary to induce cell death.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Fenretinide Chemical Structure

Fenretinide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 65646-68-6

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
USD 73 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 73 In-stock
Solid
5 mg USD 42 In-stock
10 mg USD 66 In-stock
50 mg USD 118 In-stock
100 mg USD 158 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 13 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Fenretinide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncol Rep. 2018 Jul;40(1):518-526.  [Abstract]

    Western blot analyses reveal that the phosphorylation of p38 is significantly increased. Lane 1, cell control; lane 2, DMSO; lane 3, 5 μM ATRA; lane 4, 10 μM ATRA; lane 5, 5 μM 4-HPR; and lane 6, 10 μM 4-HPR.

    Fenretinide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cornea. 2018 Dec;37(12):1579-1585.  [Abstract]

    Compared with stimulated controls, LOX-1, JNK, phosphorylated JNK, and pro-IL-1b protein levels in fenretinide-pretreated THP-1 macrophages are significantly lower at 16 hours with A. fumigatus stimulation. JNK was not affected by fenretinide pretreatment.

    Fenretinide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cornea. 2018 Dec;37(12):1579-1585.  [Abstract]

    BAX, cytochrome c, cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3 protein levels in fenretinide-pretreated mice corneas are found to be significantly increased.

    Fenretinide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cornea. 2018 Dec;37(12):1579-1585.  [Abstract]

    Compared with infected controls, LOX-1, phosphorylated JNK, and pro-IL-1b protein levels in corneas are significantly lower at 1 day after infection in fenretinide-pretreated mice.

    Fenretinide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cornea. 2018 Dec;37(12):1579-1585.  [Abstract]

    Fenretinide pretreatment reduces neutrophils recruitment and MPO activity in the mouse Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis model. Positive staining (green) of NIMP-R14 in the corneas of pretreated mice is indicative of a decreased presence of neutrophils compared with control mice at 1 day after infection.
    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid deriverative, binding to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) at concentrations necessary to induce cell death.

    In Vitro

    Fenretinide (4-HPR) exerts not just acute but also long term antitumor activity in selected T-ALL cell lines. Fenretinide inhibits DES activity in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells in a dose and time dependent manner, leading to a concomitant increase of the endogenous cellular dhCer content. Fenretinide (3 μM)-induced dhCer accumulation in both CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells[1]. Ceramide inhibition with fenretinide protects insulin signaling. Fenretinide prevents lipid-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake[2]. Fenretinide inhibits OVCAR-5 cell proliferation and viability at concentrations higher than 1 microM, with 70-90% growth inhibition at 10 microM. Fenretinide (1 microM) significantly inhibits OVCAR-5 invasion after 3 days preincubation. Endothelial cells treated with 1 microM 4-HPR fails to form tubes, but forms small cellular aggregates[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    In Vivo

    Fenretinide (4-HPR) (10 mg/kg, i.p.) selectively inhibits ceramide accumulation HFD-fed male C57Bl/6 mice. Fenretinide treatment improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as determined by both glucose and insulin tolerance tests[2]. Addition of 25 mg/kg ketoconazole to Fenretinide in NOD/SCID mice increased 4-HPR plasma levels[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    391.55

    Formula

    C26H33NO2

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to yellow

    SMILES

    CC(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C1=C(CCCC(C)1C)C)C)=C\C(NC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)=O

    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : ≥ 130 mg/mL (332.01 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.5540 mL 12.7698 mL 25.5395 mL
    5 mM 0.5108 mL 2.5540 mL 5.1079 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

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    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.38 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.38 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.15%

    References
    Cell Assay
    [1]

    Standard XTT assay is used to determine cell viability. For fenretinide-only treatments, cells are plated in 96-well plates at 750,000 cells/mL and 100 μL/well. After 4 h, treatments are added on 50 μL/well obtaining a final density of 500,000 cells/mL and final volume of 150 μL/well. Four replicates are used per experimental condition. XTT reagent mixture is added 4 h before the end of selected treatment period and absorbance at 490 nm is determined per each well. A slightly modified protocol is used for analysis of the effect of myriocin (final concentration of 100 nM) or antioxidant on Fenretinide treatment. Briefly, cells are seeded on 60 mm culture dishes and myriocin or antioxidants added after 4 h. Fenretinide treatment is added 2 h later and cells are plated in quadruplicates in 96 well plates (150 μL/well).

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Administration
    [2]

    Male mice (C57Bl6) are fed a standard chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) from 5 to 17 weeks, at which point half of the HFD-fed mice begin receiving fenretinide in drinking water for 4 weeks. Fenretinide is dissolved in 100% ethanol and diluted in water to 10 μg/mL. Control treatment water receives an equal amount of ethanol (0.5%). FEN water is prepared in low-light conditions and administered in light-protective bottles. Water is replaced every 1-2 days, and no precipitation of FEN is noted at any time. Animal weights are recorded at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Following a 4-week FEN treatment, mice undergo intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests. For both tests, mice are fasted for 6 h andreceive an injection of either glucose (1 g/kg of body weight) or insulin (0.75 units/kg of body weight). Blood glucose is determined at the times indicated by the Bayer Contour® glucose meter, and insulin is measured with the rat/mouse insulin ELISA kit. The insulin resistance index is assessed by using fasting blood glucose and insulin levels to compute the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), where a higher number represents greater insulin resistance.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 2.5540 mL 12.7698 mL 25.5395 mL 63.8488 mL
    5 mM 0.5108 mL 2.5540 mL 5.1079 mL 12.7698 mL
    10 mM 0.2554 mL 1.2770 mL 2.5540 mL 6.3849 mL
    15 mM 0.1703 mL 0.8513 mL 1.7026 mL 4.2566 mL
    20 mM 0.1277 mL 0.6385 mL 1.2770 mL 3.1924 mL
    25 mM 0.1022 mL 0.5108 mL 1.0216 mL 2.5540 mL
    30 mM 0.0851 mL 0.4257 mL 0.8513 mL 2.1283 mL
    40 mM 0.0638 mL 0.3192 mL 0.6385 mL 1.5962 mL
    50 mM 0.0511 mL 0.2554 mL 0.5108 mL 1.2770 mL
    60 mM 0.0426 mL 0.2128 mL 0.4257 mL 1.0641 mL
    80 mM 0.0319 mL 0.1596 mL 0.3192 mL 0.7981 mL
    100 mM 0.0255 mL 0.1277 mL 0.2554 mL 0.6385 mL
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    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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