K-604 dihydrochloride

Name: K-604 dihydrochloride
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-100400A
Rating: 4.5 (2 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-100400A Purity: ≥99.0%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

K-604 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.45±0.06 μM.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

K-604 dihydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 217094-32-1

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity

Free Sample (0.1 - 0.5 mg)		Apply Now
Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	USD 209	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	USD 209	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
5 mg	USD 150	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	USD 240	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	USD 480	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	USD 750	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	USD 1150	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg		Get quote
500 mg		Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE K-604 dihydrochloride

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ACAT1 ACAT2 MGAT2 ACAT

Biological Activity
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

K-604 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.45±0.06 μM.

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

ACAT-1

0.45 μM (IC₅₀)

ACAT-2

102.85 μM (IC₅₀)

In Vitro

The potency and selectivity of K-604 for human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 is examined. The IC₅₀ value of K-604 for human ACAT-1 is 0.45 μM and that for human ACAT-2 is 102.85 μM, indicating that K-604 is 229-fold more selective for ACAT-1 than ACAT-2. Kinetic analysis indicates that the inhibition is competitive with respect to oleoyl-coenzyme A with a K_i value of 0.378 μM. K-604 efficiently inhibits cholesterol esterification in human macrophages with IC₅₀ value of 68 nM^[1]. In cell free biochemical assays, K604 at 0.5 µM inhibits ACAT1 enzymatic activity by 70% without significantly inhibiting the ACAT2 enzyme activity. To investigate whether blocking ACAT1 increases autophagy in neuronal cells, N2a cells are treated with K604. The result shows that at 0.1 to 1 µM, K604 inhibits ACAT activity by 60-80%. Next K604 is added to N2a cells at concentrations from 0.1 to 1 µM for 24 h, and LC3 levels are examined by western blot. The result shows that K604 increases the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, a reliable marker for autophagosome formation, in a dose-dependent manner. The number of the fluorescent LC3 puncta is significantly increased in N2a cells after K604 treatment. By western blot, K604 significantly decreases the levels of p62 in N2a cells^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Using F1B hamsters, an animal model susceptible to diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, the effects of K-604 on aortic lesion areas and plasma cholesterol levels are assessed. Administration of K-604 does not affect body weight or food consumption. The plasma cholesterol levels in fat-fed hamsters are ~12-fold higher than those in chow-fed hamsters, which are significantly decreased by K-604 only at the highest dose tested (30 mg/kg) but not at lower doses (1-10 mg/kg).The fatty streak lesions stain with oil red O are markedly induced by the high-fat diet, which is significantly reduced by administration of K-604. Further, the histological analyses of the atherosclerotic lesions are performed. The fatty streak lesions in the control group are characterized by accumulation of foamy macrophages in the subendothelial space. In contrast, the areas occupied by foamy macrophages are markedly reduced by administration of K-604^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

575.64

Formula

C₂₃H₃₂Cl₂N₆OS₃

CAS No.

217094-32-1

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to light yellow

SMILES

O=C(NC1=C(SC)C=C(C)N=C1SC)CN2CCN(CCSC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3)CC2.[H]Cl.[H]Cl

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (173.72 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (108.57 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	1.7372 mL	8.6860 mL	17.3720 mL
5 mM	0.3474 mL	1.7372 mL	3.4744 mL
10 mM	0.1737 mL	0.8686 mL	1.7372 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.25 mg/mL (3.91 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (22.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.25 mg/mL (3.91 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (22.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.25 mg/mL (3.91 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (22.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (173.72 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥99.0%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (281 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (249 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Ikenoya M, et al. A selective ACAT-1 inhibitor, K-604, suppresses fatty streak lesions in fat-fed hamsters without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Apr;191(2):290-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Shibuya Y, et al. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 blockage enhances autophagy in the neurons of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse and reduces human P301L-tau content at the presymptomatic stage. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Jul;36(7):2248-2259. [Content Brief]

Kinase Assay ^[1]	ACAT activity is determined by measuring the production of cholesteryl[¹⁴C]oleate. Microsomal fractions derived from CHO-ACAT-1 or CHO-ACAT-2 cells are diluted with CHAPS in 0.5 M KCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, and 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.8) (buffer A) to a final protein concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The microsomal fractions containing 9.2 μg of protein for ACAT-1 or 4.9 μg for ACAT-2 in 10 μL of buffer A are mixed with various concentrations of K-604 (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 μM) or CI-1011 in 5 μL of DMSO, and reconstituted with 152.5 μL of mixed micelles containing 1.6 mM Cholesterol, 11.2 mM Phosphatidylcholine, and 9.3 mM Taurocholate in 25, 0.5 mM EDTA, and Tris-HCl (pH 7.8). The reaction is started by adding 10 μL of 0.45 μM [¹⁴C]oleoyl-CoA, 10 nM fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (fatty acid-free BSA) and 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.8). Reaction mixtures are incubated for 25 min at 37°C and terminated by adding 150 μL of Chloroform/Methanol (2:1). The organic phase is dried under a stream of nitrogen. The lipids are resuspended with 150 μL of Chloroform/Methanol (2:1) and developed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (75:25:1). Radioactivities of cholesterol [¹⁴C]oleate are determined using a BAS 2500 image analyzer^[1]. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Assay ^[2]	The mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a is cultured in DMEM/Opti-MEM (50:50) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C with 5% CO₂ in a humidified incubator. Cells are incubated for 24 h with the ACAT1-specific inhibitor K604 (0.1, 0.5 and 1 µM) or isotype-nonspecific ACAT inhibitor CI-1011. Primary cortical neurons are isolated from mouse brains at postnatal day 0-3. Cortical neurons are plated in 6 well plates at 350,000 cells/well and grown in 2 mL/well Neurobasal A with 1×B27, 0.5 mM L-glutamine, and 5 ng/mL fibroblast growth factor. Half of the media is replaced with fresh media once every 7 days. After 14-21 days in culture, cells are used for individual experiments^[2]. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration ^[1]	Hamsters^[1] Male F1B hamsters (n=30) at 8 weeks old are used for animal experiments. The animal room is controlled at 23±3°C and relative humidity of 50±20%. Animals are fed a CE-2 chow diet, followed by supplementation with CE-2 containing 0.3% cholesterol and 10% coconut oil for 10 weeks. During fat loading, K-604 is administered orally at 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day (n=6 for each dose group). The control group (n=6) receive an aqueous solution of 0.5% methylcellulose instead of K-604. Tap water is given ad libitum. Body weight is measured at the time of drug administration. Blood is sampled for determination of plasma cholesterol levels using a commercially available kit (Cholesterol E-Test). MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References	[1]. Ikenoya M, et al. A selective ACAT-1 inhibitor, K-604, suppresses fatty streak lesions in fat-fed hamsters without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Apr;191(2):290-7. [Content Brief] [2]. Shibuya Y, et al. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 blockage enhances autophagy in the neurons of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse and reduces human P301L-tau content at the presymptomatic stage. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Jul;36(7):2248-2259. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	1.7372 mL	8.6860 mL	17.3720 mL	43.4299 mL
	5 mM	0.3474 mL	1.7372 mL	3.4744 mL	8.6860 mL
	10 mM	0.1737 mL	0.8686 mL	1.7372 mL	4.3430 mL
	15 mM	0.1158 mL	0.5791 mL	1.1581 mL	2.8953 mL
	20 mM	0.0869 mL	0.4343 mL	0.8686 mL	2.1715 mL
	25 mM	0.0695 mL	0.3474 mL	0.6949 mL	1.7372 mL
	30 mM	0.0579 mL	0.2895 mL	0.5791 mL	1.4477 mL
	40 mM	0.0434 mL	0.2171 mL	0.4343 mL	1.0857 mL
	50 mM	0.0347 mL	0.1737 mL	0.3474 mL	0.8686 mL
	60 mM	0.0290 mL	0.1448 mL	0.2895 mL	0.7238 mL
	80 mM	0.0217 mL	0.1086 mL	0.2171 mL	0.5429 mL
	100 mM	0.0174 mL	0.0869 mL	0.1737 mL	0.4343 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.