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  4. Xenin

Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide initially isolated from human gastric mucosa. Xenin is a gut hormone that can reduce food intake.

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Custom Peptide Synthesis

Xenin Chemical Structure

Xenin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 144092-28-4

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Xenin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide initially isolated from human gastric mucosa. Xenin is a gut hormone that can reduce food intake.

In Vitro

Xenin is abundantly expressed in gastric, duodenal, and jejunal mucosa, and is found at lower levels in the pancreas. Xenin is released into the circulation postprandially and has been reported to stimulatepancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion, inhibit gastrin secretion, and influence gastrointestinal motility. Xenin is highly homologous to neurotensin. Xenin and neurotensin are reported to have similar biological effects[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Xenin Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Both intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal administration of xenin inhibit fasting-induced hyperphagia in wild-type mice in a dose-dependent manner. The intraperitoneal injection of xenin also reduces nocturnal intake in ad libitum–fed wild-type mice. The intraperitoneal injection of xenin increases Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus and the arcuate nucleus. Xenin reduces food intake in agouti and ob/ob mice[2]. Gastric emptying rate is reduced by about 93% in xenin-treated mice compared to saline-treated control mice. The i.p. xenin injection significantly increases Fos-immunoreactive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the brainstem, but not area postrema and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

2971.57

Formula

C139H224N38O32S
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

Sequence

Met-Leu-Thr-Lys-Phe-Glu-Thr-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Val-Lys-Gly-Leu-Ser-Phe-His-Pro-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ile-Leu
Sequence Shortening

MLTKFETKSARVKGLSFHPKRPWIL
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen

Powder -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O

Peptide Solubility and Storage Guidelines:

1.  Calculate the length of the peptide.

2.  Calculate the overall charge of the entire peptide according to the following table:

  Contents Assign value
Acidic amino acid Asp (D), Glu (E), and the C-terminal -COOH. -1
Basic amino acid Arg (R), Lys (K), His (H), and the N-terminal -NH2 +1
Neutral amino acid Gly (G), Ala (A), Leu (L), Ile (I), Val (V), Cys (C), Met (M), Thr (T), Ser (S), Phe (F), Tyr (Y), Trp (W), Pro (P), Asn (N), Gln (Q) 0

3.  Recommended solution:

Overall charge of peptide Details
Negative (<0) 1.  Try to dissolve the peptide in water first.
2.  If water fails, add NH4OH (<50 μL).
3.  If the peptide still does not dissolve, add DMSO (50-100 μL) to solubilize the peptide.
Positive (>0) 1.  Try to dissolve the peptide in water first.
2.  If water fails, try dissolving the peptide in a 10%-30% acetic acid solution.
3.  If the peptide still does not dissolve, try dissolving the peptide in a small amount of DMSO.
Zero (=0) 1.  Try to dissolve the peptide in organic solvent (acetonitrile, methanol, etc.) first.
2.  For very hydrophobic peptides, try dissolving the peptide in a small amount of DMSO, and then dilute the solution with water to the desired concentration.
Purity & Documentation
References
Animal Administration
[2]

Mice: Mice (wild-type and ob/ob mice) are fasted overnight (1800–1000 h) and injected with xenin intracerebroventricularly (0.1, 1, or 5 μg) or intraperitoneally (0.5, 5, 15, or 50 μg/g body wt) at 1000 h. To compare the feeding-suppressing effect between xenin and neurotensin, equimolar amounts (16.5 nmol) of xenin (50 μg/g body wt) or neurotensin (28 μg/g body) are injected intraperitoneally after an overnight fast. Control mice receive either intracerebroventricular injection of aCSF or intraperitoneal injection of saline. Preweighed food is provided to mice immediately after the injection. Cumulative food intake is measured at time points indicated in each figure up to 24 h after injection[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
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  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

The molarity calculator equation

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass   Concentration   Volume   Molecular Weight *
= × ×

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Xenin144092-28-4OthersInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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HY-P0259
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