2. Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Autophagy
  3. Androgen Receptor Autophagy
  4. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane

3,3'-Diindolylmethane  (Synonyms: DIM; Arundine; HB 236)

Cat. No.: HY-15758 Purity: 99.93%
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3,3'-Diindolylmethane is a strong, pure androgen receptor (AR) antagonist.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane Chemical Structure

3,3'-Diindolylmethane Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1968-05-4

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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 USD 73 In-stock
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 73 In-stock
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100 mg USD 66 In-stock
200 mg USD 79 In-stock
500 mg USD 106 In-stock
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Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

3,3'-Diindolylmethane Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    3,3'-Diindolylmethane purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Jun 16;39(1):113.  [Abstract]

    IHC results of xenografts staining shows downexpression of AHR, RhoA, ROCK1, COX2 and mesenchymal cell markers as well as upregulation of epithelial cell marker Claudin-1.

    3,3'-Diindolylmethane purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Commun Signal. 2020 Jun;14(2):175-192.  [Abstract]

    Western blot shows the results that at the 48 h time point, cells exerted the potent reactivity when exposing DIM treatment in that the expression of AHR reduces gradually on the basis of increased DIM concentrations and the production of CYP1A1 increases in the same way. ​

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    3,3'-Diindolylmethane is a strong, pure androgen receptor (AR) antagonist.

    IC50 & Target

    Androgen receptor[1]
    In Vitro

    3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a strong antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) function but exhibits less than obvious structural similarity to the endogenous AR ligand, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). 3,3'-Diindolylmethane is a major digestive product of indole-3-carbinol, a potential anticancer component of cruciferous vegetables. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane exhibits potent antiproliferative and antiandrogenic properties in androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cells. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses cell proliferation of LNCaP cells and inhibits DHT stimulation of DNA synthesis. Moreover, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits endogenous PSA transcription and reduced intracellular and secreted PSA protein levels induced by DHT in LNCaP cells. Also, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits, in a concentration-dependent manner, the DHT-induced expression of a prostate-specific antigen promoter-regulated reporter gene construct in transiently transfected LNCaP cells. Co-treatment with 50 μM 3,3'-Diindolylmethane partially inhibits the translocation of AR induced by DHT treatment and showed distribution of the AR to be both cytoplasmic and nuclear. Furthermore, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane treatment prevents the formation of AR foci in the nucleus. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane alone produces a predominantly cytoplasmic distribution of fluorescence[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    3,3'-Diindolylmethane Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Mice are randomized into two groups and are treated daily s.c. with either vehicle or 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (10 mg/kg) for 30 days. Tumor volume and the weight of mice are recorded once every 3 days using calipers. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) treatment resulted in a marked inhibition of SNU-484 xenograft tumor growth. Notably, the body weight of mice from both groups did not significantly differ from the vehicle control following 30 days of drug exposure, suggesting that 3,3'-Diindolylmethane has no severe toxicity to the mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 3,3'-Diindolylmethane administration significantly inhibited SNU-484 xenograft growthin vivo mediated by the inactivation of YAP[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    246.31

    Formula

    C17H14N2
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Off-white to pink

    SMILES

    C1(CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)=CNC4=C1C=CC=C4
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (405.99 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.0599 mL 20.2996 mL 40.5992 mL
    5 mM 0.8120 mL 4.0599 mL 8.1198 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration
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    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.93%

    COA (253 KB) HNMR (123 KB) RP-HPLC (97 KB) GC (180 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [1]

    The human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines LNCaP-FGC and PC-3 are grown as adherent monolayers in 10% FBS-DMEM, supplemented with 4.0 g/L glucose and 3.7 g/L sodium bicarbonate in a humidified incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2, and passaged at ~80% confluency. Cultures used in subsequent experiments are at less than 40 passages. Cells grown in stripped conditions are in 5% DCC-FBS-DMEM base supplemented with 4 g/L glucose, 3.7 g/L sodium bicarbonate, and 0.293 g/L L-glutamine. Before the beginning of the treatments, cells are depleted of androgen for 4-7 days in medium composed of DMEM base without phenol red and with 4 g/L glucose and 3.7 g/L sodium bicarbonate. During the depletion period, medium is changed every 48 h. Treatments are administered by the addition of 1 μL of a 1,000-fold concentrated solution of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane in Me2SO/mL of medium. Once the treatment period started, medium is changed daily to counter possible loss of readily metabolized compounds[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [2]

    Mice[2]
    Four-week-old female SPF/VAF immunodeficient mice are injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into the right flank with 0.1 mL Matrigel containing 3.5×106 human gastric cancer cells (SNU-484). The mice are randomized into 2 groups 1 week after tumor implantation: i) the untreated control group (n=5, DMSO in 50 μL PBS daily) and ii) the 3,3'-Diindolylmethane-treated group (n=5, 10 mg/kg in 50 μL PBS once daily). Gastric primary tumors are excised, and the final tumor volume is measured once every 3 days using a caliper and calculated as (width)2×length/2. The experiment is terminated on day 39. Half of the tumor tissue is prepared for western blotting and the other half is snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 4.0599 mL 20.2996 mL 40.5992 mL 101.4981 mL
    5 mM 0.8120 mL 4.0599 mL 8.1198 mL 20.2996 mL
    10 mM 0.4060 mL 2.0300 mL 4.0599 mL 10.1498 mL
    15 mM 0.2707 mL 1.3533 mL 2.7066 mL 6.7665 mL
    20 mM 0.2030 mL 1.0150 mL 2.0300 mL 5.0749 mL
    25 mM 0.1624 mL 0.8120 mL 1.6240 mL 4.0599 mL
    30 mM 0.1353 mL 0.6767 mL 1.3533 mL 3.3833 mL
    40 mM 0.1015 mL 0.5075 mL 1.0150 mL 2.5375 mL
    50 mM 0.0812 mL 0.4060 mL 0.8120 mL 2.0300 mL
    60 mM 0.0677 mL 0.3383 mL 0.6767 mL 1.6916 mL
    80 mM 0.0507 mL 0.2537 mL 0.5075 mL 1.2687 mL
    100 mM 0.0406 mL 0.2030 mL 0.4060 mL 1.0150 mL
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    3,3'-Diindolylmethane Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    3,3'-Diindolylmethane1968-05-4DIM Arundine HB 236HB236HB 236HB-236Androgen ReceptorAutophagyInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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