2. Signaling Pathways
  3. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
    Stem Cell/Wnt
  4. GSK-3

GSK-3

Glycogen synthase kinase-3; Glycogen synthase kinase 3

GSK-3

Related Products

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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase consisting of two isoforms, alpha and beta. It is a highly conserved negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase, cytokine, and Wnt signaling pathways. Stimulation of these pathways inhibits GSK-3 to modulate diverse downstream effectors that include transcription factors, nutrient sensors, glycogen synthesis, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythm, and cell fate. GSK-3 also regulates alternative splicing in response to T-cell receptor activation, and recent phosphoproteomic studies have revealed that multiple splicing factors and regulators of RNA biosynthesis are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent manner.

The malfunction or aberrant activity of GSK-3 leads to several of disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, and other type of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. GSK-3 is also related to innate immune response against pathogens, which makes GSK-3 an excellent target for therapeutic intervention.

GSK-3 Isoform Specific Products:

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-144290
    ARN25068
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    ARN25068 is a sub-micromolar inhibitor of the three protein kinases, GSK-3β, FYN and DYRK1A to tackle tau hyperphosphorylation.
    ARN25068
  • HY-139254
    Indirubin-3′-oxime
    		Inhibitor 99.49%
    Indirubin-3′-oxime (IDR3O), a synthetic derivative of indirubin, is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Indirubin-3′-oxime directly inhibits the activity of all three isoforms of JNK (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3), with IC50s of 0.8 μM, 1.4 μM, and 1.0 μM, respectively. Indirubin-3′-oxime can enhance height growth via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes.
    Indirubin-3′-oxime
  • HY-121035
    7BIO
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) is the derivate of indirubin. 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) has inhibitory effects against cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic impairments, tau hyper-phosphorylation, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and attenuates Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairments in mice[1].
    7BIO
  • HY-134393B
    6-Me-ATP trisodium
    		Chemical ≥99.0%
    6-Me-ATP (N6-Methyl-ATP) trisodium is a N6-modified ATP derivative. 6-Me-ATP trisodium shows excellent binding affinity to GSK3, serving as the phosphate group donor for GSK3β-catalyzed phosphorylation of its substrate peptide.
    6-Me-ATP trisodium
  • HY-126144A
    (E/Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    (E/Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 and (Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 isomers. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy, with an IC50 of 4.9 nM.
    (E/Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1
  • HY-117822
    BRD0209
    		Inhibitor 99.56%
    BRD0209 is a potent, selective and dual inhibitor of GSK3α/β inhibitor (GSK3α IC50 = 19 nM; GSK3β IC50 = 5 nM). BRD0209 is also a reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor with fast-off kinetics (Ki = 4.2 nM, respectively). BRD0209 is a tricyclic pyrazolotetrahydroquinolinone compound. BRD0209 has the potential for the research of mood disorder diseases.
    BRD0209
  • HY-15504A
    RGB-286638 free base
    		Inhibitor 98.87%
    RGB-286638 is a CDK inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activity of cyclin T1-CDK9, cyclin B1-CDK1, cyclin E-CDK2, cyclin D1-CDK4, cyclin E-CDK3, and p35-CDK5 with IC50s of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 5 nM, respectively; also inhibits GSK-3β, TAK1, Jak2 and MEK1, with IC50s of 3, 5, 50, and 54 nM.
    RGB-286638 free base
  • HY-13867A
    Bisindolylmaleimide I hydrochloride
    		99.18%
    Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X) hydrochloride is a cell-permeable and reversible PKC inhibitor (IC50 of 20 nM, 17 nM, 16 nM, and 20 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCγ. Bisindolylmaleimide I hydrochloride is also a GSK-3 inhibitor.
    Bisindolylmaleimide I hydrochloride
  • HY-141480
    GSK-3β inhibitor 3
    		Inhibitor 98.20%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 3 is a potent, selective, irreversible and covalent inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β), with an IC50 of 6.6 μM. GSK-3β inhibitor 3 can be used for the research of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 3
  • HY-P4858
    C-Peptide 1 (rat)
    		Activator 99.80%
    C-Peptide 1 (rat), a peptide, is aβ-catenin/GSK-3β activator. C-Peptide 1 (rat) can regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. C-Peptide 1 (rat) can be used for the research of cancer.
    C-Peptide 1 (rat)
  • HY-122665
    HTH-01-091
    		Inhibitor 98.64%
    HTH-01-091 is a potent and selective maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10.5 nM. HTH-01-091 also inhibits PIM1/2/3, RIPK2, DYRK3, smMLCK and CLK2. HTH-01-091 can be uesd for breast cancer research.
    HTH-01-091
  • HY-107815
    CHIR 98024
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    CHIR 98024 (Compound L) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.2566 μM.
    CHIR 98024
  • HY-14679
    GSK3β inhibitor II
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    GSK3β inhibitor II is an inhibitor of GSK3β. GSK3β inhibitor II can be used for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    GSK3β inhibitor II
  • HY-111055
    BIP-135
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    BIP-135 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive GSK-3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 16 nM and 21 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. BIP 135 exhibits neuroprotective effect.
    BIP-135
  • HY-122665A
    HTH-01-091 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    HTH-01-091 TFA is a potent and selective maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10.5 nM. HTH-01-091 TFA also inhibits PIM1/2/3, RIPK2, DYRK3, smMLCK and CLK2. HTH-01-091 TFA can be uesd for breast cancer research.
    HTH-01-091 TFA
  • HY-134622
    GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.10%
    GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1, an imidazole derivative, is an inhibitor of cdk5, cdk2, and GSK-3 extracted from patent WO2002010141A1, example 9a. GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
    GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1
  • HY-111930
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime is a potent GSK-3β, CDK5/P25 and CDK1/cyclin B inhibitor, competing with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of the kinase, with IC50s of 9, 20 and 25 nM, respectively.
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime
  • HY-P1113A
    Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2(substrate) TFA
    		98.02%
    Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2 (substrate) is peptide substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and can be used for affinity purification of protein-serine kinases.
    Phospho-Glycogen Synthase Peptide-2(substrate) TFA
  • HY-P2558
    GSK3 Substrate, α, β subunit
    		99.83%
    GSK3 Substrate, α, β subunit is peptide substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and can be used to measure GSK-3 activity.
    GSK3 Substrate, α, β subunit
  • HY-40294
    Indazole
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    Indazole, also called isoindazole, a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. Its derivatives display a broad variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiarrhythmic, antifungal and antitumour properties. Indazole and its derivatives can be used for research of cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases.
    Indazole
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download GSK-3 Signaling Pathway Map.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes. GSK-3 is one of the few signaling mediators that play central roles in a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnt, PI3K, growth factors, cytokines, and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. The PI3K pathway is known for regulating metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival. The PI3K activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors. PI3K-mediated production of PIP3 leads to the activation of Akt. The activation of Akt leads to the phosphorylation of GSK-3, which is active in resting cells, but is inactivated by the phosphorylation. The GSK-3 has been linked to the regulation of an assembly of transcription factors, including β-catenin, NF-κB, c-Jun, CREB, and STAT. Thus, the altered activity of GSK-3 causes various effects on cytokine expression. 

 

In the absence of Wnt signaling, β-catenin is phosphorylated by CK1 and GSK-3. This phosphorylation leads to recognition by β-TrCP, leading to the ubiquitylation of β-catenin and degradation by the proteasome. Upon binding of a lipid-modified Wnt protein to the receptor complex, a signaling cascade is initiated. LRP is phosphorylated by CK1/CK2 and GSK-3, and Axin is recruited to the plasma membrane. The kinases in the β-catenin destruction complex are inactivated and β-catenin translocates to the nucleus to form an active transcription factor complex with TCF, leading to transcription of a large set of target genes.

 

Some endogenous growth factors could bind to and activate the tyrosine kinase receptor. This facilitates the recruitment of other proteins (SHC, SOS), which results in the activation of the ERK-MAPK cascade and the inhibition of GSK-3. GSK-3 exerts many cellular effects: it regulates cytoskeletal proteins, and is important in determining cell survival/cell death. GSK-3 has also been identified as a target for the actions of lithium. GSK-3 can inhibit glycogen synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPG to glycogen[1][2].

 

Reference:

[1]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74. 
[2]. Conrad M, et al. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):348-66. 

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison

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