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  5. Trimethoprim

Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim has the potential for the research of urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Trimethoprim can inhibit infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryo when combinated with zinc.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Trimethoprim Chemical Structure

Trimethoprim Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 738-70-5

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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Trimethoprim:

Trimethoprim Related Antibodies

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Description

Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim has the potential for the research of urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Trimethoprim can inhibit infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryo when combinated with zinc[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target

Dihydrofolate reductase, Bacteria[1]
Influenza A virus[4]
In Vitro

Trimethoprim interrupts folate metabolism by inhibition of the activity of dihydrofolase reductase (DHFR), which reduces dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (THF)[1].
Trimethoprim (3 μg/mL; 1 h) induces protein aggregation and main heat shock proteins (Hsps) in E. coli cells, which indicates that Trimethoprim sulfate presence leads to protein misfolding[1].
Trimethoprim (1.5-3 μg/mL; 1 h) causes induction of DnaK, DnaJ, GroEL, ClpB, and IbpA/B Hsps in E. coli cells exposed to folate and heat stress[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Trimethoprim Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Trimethoprim (10 mg/kg; i.v.; once every 12 h; 3 d) shows antibacterial activity against H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, E. coli and N. meningitidis in infected mice[2].
Trimethoprim can be connected with the thiomaltose (TM-TMP) and shows stability with a half-life of about 1 hour in complete serum, and has a MIC value around 1 μM against E. coli[2].
Trimethoprim (10 mg/mL; 0.5 mL; inject with Trimethoprim-Zn combined suspension) decreases the virus titer and increases the survival rate of chicken embryo[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Female C3H/HeOuJ mice (transurethrally infected with a 50 μL suspension containing 1-2×107 CFU of E. coli under 3% isoflurane)[2]
Dosage: 10 mg/kg
Administration: i.v.; once every 12 h; for 3 d
Result: Showed antibacterial activity against H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, E. coli and N. meningitidis with CD50s of 150 mg/kg, 335 mg/kg, 27.5 mg/kg and 8.4 mg/kg, respectively in infected mice.
Animal Model: Fertilized eggs (injected H3N2 virus into amniotic and allantoic space at day 8)[4]
Dosage: 10 mg/mL; 0.5 mL
Administration: The Trimethoprim-Zn combined suspension was injected into the air sac; single dosage
Result: Decreased the virus titer and increased the survival rate of chicken embryo.
The survival rate peaked at ratio about 0.18 (Zn/Trimethoprim).
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

290.32

Formula

C14H18N4O3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

NC1=NC=C(CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)C(N)=N1
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (172.22 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 0.67 mg/mL (2.31 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.4445 mL 17.2224 mL 34.4447 mL
5 mM 0.6889 mL 3.4445 mL 6.8889 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.61 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.61 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 3.4445 mL 17.2224 mL 34.4447 mL 86.1119 mL
DMSO 5 mM 0.6889 mL 3.4445 mL 6.8889 mL 17.2224 mL
10 mM 0.3444 mL 1.7222 mL 3.4445 mL 8.6112 mL
15 mM 0.2296 mL 1.1482 mL 2.2963 mL 5.7408 mL
20 mM 0.1722 mL 0.8611 mL 1.7222 mL 4.3056 mL
25 mM 0.1378 mL 0.6889 mL 1.3778 mL 3.4445 mL
30 mM 0.1148 mL 0.5741 mL 1.1482 mL 2.8704 mL
40 mM 0.0861 mL 0.4306 mL 0.8611 mL 2.1528 mL
50 mM 0.0689 mL 0.3444 mL 0.6889 mL 1.7222 mL
60 mM 0.0574 mL 0.2870 mL 0.5741 mL 1.4352 mL
80 mM 0.0431 mL 0.2153 mL 0.4306 mL 1.0764 mL
100 mM 0.0344 mL 0.1722 mL 0.3444 mL 0.8611 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Trimethoprim Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Trimethoprim738-70-5AntifolateBacterialAntibioticInfluenza VirusAntimicrobialfolatemetabolismdihydrofolatereductasetetrahydrofolateHspsproteinaggregationurinary tract infectionsShigellosisPneumocystis pneumoniaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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