Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1

Definition:

Major sphingomyelin synthase at the Golgi apparatus. Catalyzes the reversible transfer of phosphocholine moiety in sphingomyelin biosynthesis: in the forward reaction transfers phosphocholine head group of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on to ceramide (CER) to form ceramide phosphocholine (sphingomyelin, SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) as by-product, and in the reverse reaction transfers phosphocholine from SM to DAG to form PC and CER. The direction of the reaction depends on the levels of CER and DAG in Golgi membranes. Does not use free phosphorylcholine or CDP-choline as donor. Regulates receptor-mediated signal transduction via mitogenic DAG and proapoptotic CER, as well as via SM, a structural component of membrane rafts that serve as platforms for signal transduction and protein sorting. Plays a role in secretory transport via regulation of DAG pool at the Golgi apparatus and its downstream effects on PRKD1.

References:

[1]. Klazien Huitema, et al. Identification of a family of animal sphingomyelin synthases. EMBO J. 2004 Jan 14;23(1):33-44. [Content Brief]

[2]. Marimuthu Subathra, et al. Sphingomyelin synthases regulate protein trafficking and secretion. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23644. [Content Brief]

[3]. Maristella Villani, et al. Sphingomyelin synthases regulate production of diacylglycerol at the Golgi. Biochem J. 2008 Aug 15;414(1):31-41. [Content Brief]

[4]. Philipp Ternes, et al. Sphingomyelin synthase SMS2 displays dual activity as ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase. J Lipid Res. 2009 Nov;50(11):2270-7. [Content Brief]

[5]. Tinbo Ding, et al. SMS overexpression and knockdown: impact on cellular sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol metabolism, and cell apoptosis. J Lipid Res. 2008 Feb;49(2):376-85. [Content Brief]

[6]. Fikadu Geta Tafesse, et al. Both sphingomyelin synthases SMS1 and SMS2 are required for sphingomyelin homeostasis and growth in human HeLa cells. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 15;282(24):17537-47. [Content Brief]

[7]. Shohei Yamaoka, et al. Expression cloning of a human cDNA restoring sphingomyelin synthesis and cell growth in sphingomyelin synthase-defective lymphoid cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 30;279(18):18688-93. [Content Brief]

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