Digestive System Disease Models

Digestive System Disease Models (23):

Classifications:	Liver Disease Models (6) Pancreatic Disease Models (5) Gastrointestinal Disease Models (12)

Cat. No.	Product Name	CAS No.	Purity	Chemical Structure

Lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is an endotoxin derived from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consists of an antigen O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides is a pathogenic associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates the immune system. Lipopolysaccharides activates TLR-4 on immune cells. This product is derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5. Lipopolysaccharides induces secretion of cell migrasome.

Ceruletide	17650-98-5	99.96%
Ceruletide is a decapeptide and a potent cholecystokinin receptor agonist. Ceruletide is a safe and effective cholecystokinetic agent with a direct spasmogenic effect on the gallbladder muscle and bile ducts.

Acetaminophen	103-90-2	99.98%
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.

Indomethacin	53-86-1	99.94%
Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.

Aspirin	50-78-2	99.66%
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC₅₀ values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin induces apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.

Histamine	51-45-6	99.99%
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.

L-Arginine	74-79-3	≥98.0%
L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline. L-Arginine is a potent vasodilator, and can be used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis.

N-Nitrosodiethylamine	55-18-5	99.97%
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (Diethylnitrosamine) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is mainly present in tobacco smoke, water, cheddar cheese, cured, fried meals and many alcoholic beverages. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is responsible for the changes in the nuclear enzymes associated with DNA repair/replication. N-Nitrosodiethylamine results in various tumors in all animal species. The main target organs are the nasal cavity, trachea, lung, esophagus and liver.

HY-N0480

Reserpine 50-55-5 99.83%

Reserpine is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

Reserpine	50-55-5	99.83%
Reserpine is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

Taurocholic acid sodium	145-42-6	≥98.0%
Taurocholic acid sodium (Sodium taurocholate) has marked bioactive effects such as an inhibitory potential against hepatic artery ligation induced biliary damage by upregulation of VEGF-A expression. Taurocholic acid sodium has immunoregulation effect.

Cysteamine hydrochloride	156-57-0	≥98.0%
Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.

HY-B1131

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate 345909-26-4 ≥98.0%

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate	345909-26-4	≥98.0%
Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.

Thioacetamide	62-55-5	≥98.0%
Thioacetamide (TAA) is an indirect hepatotoxin and causes parenchymal cell necrosis. Thioacetamide requires metabolic activation by microsomal CYP2E1 to thioacetamide-S-oxide initially and then to thioacetamide-S-dioxide, which is a highly reactive metabolite, and its reactive metabolites covalently bind to proteins and lipids thereby causing oxidative stress and centrilobular necrosis. Thioacetamide can induce chronic liver fibrosis, encephalopathy and other events model.

L-Arginine hydrochloride	1119-34-2	≥98.0%
L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline. L-Arginine is a potent vasodilator, and can be used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 35000-45000)	9011-18-1
Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 35000-45000) is a polymer of anhydroglucose with the molecular weight range of 35000-45000. Dextran sulfate sodium salt can be used to induce colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium salt also can inhibit the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus by preventing the adsorption of the virus into host cells.

HY-A0129

Histamine phosphate 51-74-1 99.99%

Histamine (phosphate) is a strong histamine receptor activator and vasodilator neuroagent, capable of activating nitric oxide synthase.

Histamine phosphate	51-74-1	99.99%
Histamine (phosphate) is a strong histamine receptor activator and vasodilator neuroagent, capable of activating nitric oxide synthase.

Indomethacin sodium hydrate	74252-25-8	99.80%
Indomethacin (Indometacin) sodium hydrateis a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin sodium hydrateis has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin sodium hydrateis can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.

HY-B0722

Histamine dihydrochloride 56-92-8 99.51%

Histamine dihydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite.
HY-N0480A

Reserpine hydrochloride 16994-56-2 99.90%

Reserpine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

Histamine dihydrochloride	56-92-8	99.51%
Histamine dihydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite.

Reserpine hydrochloride	16994-56-2	99.90%
Reserpine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

Acifluorfen	50594-66-6	99.62%
Acifluorfen, a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitor herbicide, promotes the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), and induces tumors in the rodent liver. Acifluorfen causes strong photooxidative destruction of pigments and lipids in sensitive plant species.

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