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Results for "

breakdown

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Akt (1) Amino Acid Derivatives (2) Apoptosis (1) Bacterial (2) Biochemical Assay Reagents (2) CaSR (1) Cholecystokinin Receptor (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (3) Cytochrome P450 (1) Endogenous Metabolite (21) Fungal (3) Glucosidase (1) HIV (1) Interleukin Related (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (6) MMP (1) P2X Receptor (1) P2Y Receptor (1) Phosphatase (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1) Pyroptosis (1) TRP Channel (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (5) Cardiovascular Disease (3) Infection (5) Inflammation/Immunology (3) Metabolic Disease (16) Neurological Disease (5)

By Targets:

Akt (1)

Amino Acid Derivatives (2)

Apoptosis (1)

Bacterial (2)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (2)

CaSR (1)

Cholecystokinin Receptor (1)

Cholinesterase (ChE) (3)

Cytochrome P450 (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (21)

Fungal (3)

Glucosidase (1)

HIV (1)

Interleukin Related (1)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (6)

MMP (1)

P2X Receptor (1)

P2Y Receptor (1)

Phosphatase (1)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1)

Pyroptosis (1)

TRP Channel (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (5)

Cardiovascular Disease (3)

Infection (5)

Inflammation/Immunology (3)

Metabolic Disease (16)

Neurological Disease (5)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W018601

Nortropine Nortropenol	Others	Others
Nortropine (Nortropenol), isolated from the total alkaloids of Convolvulus subhirsutus, is an intermediate in tropine breakdown and reactions leading to succinate .

HY-Y0418

Dulcite

Dulcitol; Melampyrit; NSC 1944

Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.

Dulcite Dulcitol; Melampyrit; NSC 1944
Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.

HY-B0481

Miglitol BAY1099; BAY-m1099	Others	Metabolic Disease
Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose.

HY-148207

S-Benzylglutathione	Amino Acid Derivatives	Metabolic Disease
S-Benzylglutathione is a competitive glutathionase inhibitor. S-Benzylglutathione is converted to the corresponding cysteine derivatives by rat kidney microsomes. S-Benzylglutathione can be used for the research of metabolic breakdown of glutathione by the glutathionase system .

HY-148208

S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione	Amino Acid Derivatives	Metabolic Disease
S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is a competitive glutathionase inhibitor. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is converted to the corresponding cysteine derivatives by rat kidney microsomes. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione can be used for the research of metabolic breakdown of glutathione by the glutathionase system .

HY-17530

Aldicarb sulfone	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Others
Aldicarb sulfone(Temik sulfone) is a carbamate insecticide; is a cholinesterase inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse.

HY-N0323

Bilirubin 2 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of heme catabolism . Bilirubin exhibits antioxidant and antimutagenic effects .

HY-W015806

3-Pyridineacetic acid

Endogenous Metabolite Others

3-Pyridineacetic acid is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids) .

3-Pyridineacetic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
3-Pyridineacetic acid is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids) .

HY-118651

Griseoluteic acid	Bacterial	Infection
Griseoluteic acid, a phenazine antibiotic, is originally isolated from S. griseoluteus. Griseoluteic acid is a breakdown product of griseolutein A and B .

HY-W004515

3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
3-Pyridineacetic acid hydrochloride is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids) .

HY-B0504

Creatinine 2 Publications Verification NSC13123	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Creatinine(NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

HY-B0504S

Creatinine-d3 NSC13123-d₃	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Creatinine-d₃ is a deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle[1].

HY-129834

Bilirubin Conjugate disodium	Others	Metabolic Disease
Bilirubin Conjugate disodium is a ditaurate derivative of Bilirubin. Bilirubin, a major end product of heme breakdown, is an important constituent of bile .

HY-W009602

Phenylalanylalanine H-Phe-Ala-OH	Others	Others
Phenylalanylalanine (H-Phe-Ala-OH) is a dipeptide composed of phenylalanine and alanine. Phenylalanylalanine is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism .

HY-113043

Galactonic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Galactonic acid is a sugar acid that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose dehydrogenase is responsible for converting galactose to galactonolactone, which then spontaneously or enzymatically converts to galactonic acid .

HY-14802

Talarozole (R enantiomer) (R)-Talarozole	Cytochrome P450	Cancer
Talarozole R enantiomer is a potent and selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 26-mediated breakdown of endogenous all-trans retinoic acid for the treatment of psoriasis and acne.

HY-W012734

L-Pipecolic acid 1 Publications Verification H-HoPro-OH	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

HY-N7682

β-Tomatine

Fungal Others

β-Tomatine is a breakdown product of α-tomatine and a less fungitoxic compound. β-Tomatine can suppress plant defense responses .

β-Tomatine	Fungal	Others
β-Tomatine is a breakdown product of α-tomatine and a less fungitoxic compound. β-Tomatine can suppress plant defense responses .

HY-135005

Biliverdin hydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Biliverdin hydrochloride is a tetrapyrrolic, water-soluble compound formed by the breakdown of heme. Biliverdin hydrochloride can upregulate the activity of biliverdin reductase which is an enzyme that is a regulator of the innate immune system .

HY-113063

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin, and also an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.

HY-B0504S2

Creatinine-d5 NSC13123-d₅	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Creatinine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

HY-Y0418S

Dulcite-13C Dulcitol-¹³C; Melampyrit-¹³C; NSC 1944-¹³C	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Dulcite- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-Y0418S4

Dulcite-d2 Dulcitol-d₂; Melampyrit-d₂; NSC 1944-d₂	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Dulcite-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-N1915

Cellohexaose
Cellohexaose is a glucose polymer with two or more glucose monomers produced from the breakdown of cellulose, consisting of a condensation of beta (1-4) linked D-glucose monomers .

HY-B0504S1

Creatinine-13C NSC13123-¹³C	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Creatinine- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

HY-B0882S

Edrophonium-d5 chloride	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Neurological Disease
Edrophonium-d₅ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Edrophonium chloride. Edrophonium chloride is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; prevents breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, mainly at the neuromuscular junction.

HY-Y0418S1

Dulcite-13C-1 Dulcitol-¹³C-1; Melampyrit-¹³C-1; NSC 1944-¹³C-1	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Dulcite- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-Y0418S2

Dulcite-13C-2 Dulcitol-¹³C-2; Melampyrit-¹³C-2; NSC 1944-¹³C-2	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Dulcite- ¹³C-2 is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-Y0418S3

Dulcite-13C-3 Dulcitol-¹³C-3; Melampyrit-¹³C-3; NSC 1944-¹³C-3	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Dulcite- ¹³C-3 is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-E70079

Cystathionine β-lyase, Recombinant Microorganisms CBL	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Infection
Cystathionine β-lyase, Recombinant Microorganisms (CBL) is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of cystathionine to homocysteine, the penultimate step in methionine biosynthesis. Cystathionine β-lyase is important for bacterial virulence .

HY-134424

Propionyl coenzyme A lithium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms .

HY-N2503

Ginsenoside F4	Apoptosis MMP	Inflammation/Immunology
Ginsenoside F4 (GF4), ginseng saponinis, isolated from notoginseng or red ginseng. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) has inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cell by inducing its apoptosis . Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and blocks cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture, shows therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage collagen matrix breakdown in diseased tissues .

HY-144439

HTS07545	Others	Cardiovascular Disease
HTS07545 is a potent sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 30 nM. HTS07545 decrease the rate of breakdown of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). HTS07545 can be used for heart failure research .

HY-P1096

A71623	Cholecystokinin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
A71623, a CCK-4-based peptide, is a potent and highly selective CCK-A full agonist. The IC₅₀s for A-71623 are 3.7 nM in guinea pig pancreas (CCK-A) and 4500 nM in cerebral cortex (CCK-B) in radioligand binding assays, respectively .

HY-107532

N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin NN-DNJ; Nonyl-DNJ	Glucosidase	Metabolic Disease
N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ) is a potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-1,6-glucosidase (IC₅₀s, 0.42, 8.4 μM, respectively), inhibits glycogen breakdown .

HY-W004515S

3-Pyridylacetic acid-d4 hydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
3-Pyridylacetic acid-d₄ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled 3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride[1]. 3-Pyridineacetic acid hydrochloride is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids)[2][3].

HY-B1294

Amrinone Inamrinone
Amrinone (Inamrinone) is a positive inotropic-vasodilator agent. Amrinone is a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate by preventing its breakdown. Amrinone is also an orally active, non-glycosidic and non-catecholamine cardiotonic agent .

HY-N6787

5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil Dihydrothymine	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels .

HY-N7392

Acetoacetyl-CoA	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

HY-112171

γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite CaSR	Others
γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine, composed of gamma-glutamate and alanine, is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine is a natural substrate of the γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase. γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine is a positive modulator of calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) function .

HY-118643

Cimlanod 1 Publications Verification BMS-986231; CXL-1427	Others	Cardiovascular Disease
Cimlanod (BMS-986231) is a second-generation Nitroxyl (HNO) donor for heart failure. Cimlanod (BMS-986231) delivers HNO via pH-dependent chemical breakdown when exposed to the neutral pH environment of the bloodstream. Cimlanod (BMS-986231) possesses positive lusitropic and inotropic as well as vasodilatory effects .

HY-W017386S

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d8 sodium	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Neurological Disease
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d₈ (sodium) is the deuterium labeled 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin, and also an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids[1].

HY-103259

Sodium metatungstate 5 Publications Verification Sodium polyoxotungstate; POM-1	Phosphatase P2X Receptor P2Y Receptor Pyroptosis Interleukin Related	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Sodium metatungstate (Sodium polyoxotungstate) is a NTPDase inhibitor, with K_i values of 2.58 μM, 3.26 μM, and 28.8 μM for NTPDase 1 (CD39), NTPDase 3 and NTPDase 2 respectively . Sodium metatungstate has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect. Sodium metatungstate inhibits ATP breakdown but also blocks central synaptic transmission .

HY-23155

2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate 2-PE ITC	Fungal	Infection
2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is a potent antifungal agent. 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 1.22 mM. The antifungal effect of 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate against Alternaria alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity .

HY-160864

Torbafylline HWA 448	Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Cancer
Torbafylline is a PDE inhibitor. Torbafylline mitigates protein breakdown in rat skeletal muscle following burns by activating the PDE4/cAMP/EPAC/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Torbafylline suppresses the increased ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent protein degradation observed in the skeletal muscles of rats susceptible to cancer and sepsis .

HY-P2860

Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Neurological Disease
Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head (ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7) is a cholinergic enzyme mainly found in neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic type chemical synapses used in biochemical research. Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head catalyzes the breakdown or hydrolysis of acetylcholine and some other choline esters that act as neurotransmitters into acetate and choline. Acetylcholinesterase, Fly head's main role is to terminate neuronal transmission and signaling between synapses to prevent ACh spread and activation of nearby receptors .

HY-106991A

Amustaline dihydrochloride S-303 dihydrochloride	HIV Bacterial	Infection
Amustaline (S-303) dihydrochloride, a nucleic acid-targeted alkylator, is an efficient pathogen inactivation agent for blood components containing red blood cells. Amustaline dihydrochloride has three components: an acridine anchor (an intercalator that targets nucleic acids non-covalently), an effector (a bis-alkylator group that reacts with nucleophiles), and a linker (a small flexible carbon chain containing a labile ester bond that hydrolyzes at neutral pH to yield non-reactive breakdown products) .

HY-114524

(E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal 4-ONE	TRP Channel	Cardiovascular Disease
(E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) is one of the major hemolytic decomposition products of lipid hydroperoxides. (E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal is a major product of the FeII-mediated breakdown of lipid hydroperoxides. (E)-4-Oxo-2-nonenal is a potent transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist .

HY-N6787S

5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d6 Dihydrothymine-d₆	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d₆ is the deuterium labeled 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

HY-N8931

Monomethyl lithospermate Lithospermic acid monomethyl ester	Akt	Neurological Disease
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L146

Metabolic Enzyme Compound Library

2861 compounds

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that maintain cell homeostasis. Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of molecules including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid or protein metabolism within a cell or tissue. As catalysts, enzymes are crucial to metabolism as they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly and tregulate the rate of a metabolic reaction. Due to the importance of metabolic balance in the organism, the abnormal function of metabolic enzymes often leads to the occurrence of a variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, etc.

MCE designs a unique collection of 2861 metabolic enzymes related small molecules, which is an important tool for studying the metabolic activities of organisms and developing drugs for metabolic diseases.

HY-L012

Metabolism/Protease Compound Library

4475 compounds

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. Acting as catalysts, enzymes are crucial to metabolism - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction. Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

MCE designs a unique collection of 4475 Metabolism/Protease-related small molecules that act as a useful tool for drug discovery of metabolism-related diseases.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W018601

Nortropine Nortropenol	Alkaloids Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Calystegia sepium (Linn.) R. Br. Convolvulus subhirsutus Plants Disease Research Fields Convolvulaceae	Others
Nortropine (Nortropenol), isolated from the total alkaloids of Convolvulus subhirsutus, is an intermediate in tropine breakdown and reactions leading to succinate .

HY-N0323

Bilirubin 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of heme catabolism . Bilirubin exhibits antioxidant and antimutagenic effects .

HY-W015806

3-Pyridineacetic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Pyridineacetic acid is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids) .

HY-118651

Griseoluteic acid	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics	Bacterial
Griseoluteic acid, a phenazine antibiotic, is originally isolated from S. griseoluteus. Griseoluteic acid is a breakdown product of griseolutein A and B .

HY-W004515

3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride	Structural Classification Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Pyridine Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Pyridineacetic acid hydrochloride is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids) .

HY-B0504

Creatinine 2 Publications Verification NSC13123	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Disease markers Metabolic Disease Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Creatinine(NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

HY-B0504S

Creatinine-d3 NSC13123-d₃	Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Creatinine-d₃ is a deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle[1].

HY-W009602

Phenylalanylalanine H-Phe-Ala-OH	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Others
Phenylalanylalanine (H-Phe-Ala-OH) is a dipeptide composed of phenylalanine and alanine. Phenylalanylalanine is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism .

HY-113043

Galactonic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Galactonic acid is a sugar acid that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose dehydrogenase is responsible for converting galactose to galactonolactone, which then spontaneously or enzymatically converts to galactonic acid .

HY-W012734

L-Pipecolic acid 1 Publications Verification H-HoPro-OH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

HY-N7682

β-Tomatine	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Lycopersicon esculentum Miller Plants Solanaceae Disease Research Fields Steroids	Fungal
β-Tomatine is a breakdown product of α-tomatine and a less fungitoxic compound. β-Tomatine can suppress plant defense responses .

HY-135005

Biliverdin hydrochloride	Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology	Endogenous Metabolite
Biliverdin hydrochloride is a tetrapyrrolic, water-soluble compound formed by the breakdown of heme. Biliverdin hydrochloride can upregulate the activity of biliverdin reductase which is an enzyme that is a regulator of the innate immune system .

HY-113063

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin, and also an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.

HY-134424

Propionyl coenzyme A lithium	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms .

HY-N2503

Ginsenoside F4	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Source classification Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Araliaceae	Apoptosis MMP
Ginsenoside F4 (GF4), ginseng saponinis, isolated from notoginseng or red ginseng. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) has inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cell by inducing its apoptosis . Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and blocks cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture, shows therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage collagen matrix breakdown in diseased tissues .

HY-N6787

5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil Dihydrothymine	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels .

HY-N7392

Acetoacetyl-CoA	Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

HY-112171

γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite CaSR
γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine, composed of gamma-glutamate and alanine, is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine is a natural substrate of the γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase. γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine is a positive modulator of calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) function .

HY-N8931

Monomethyl lithospermate Lithospermic acid monomethyl ester	Structural Classification Labiatae Source classification Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Phenols Polyphenols Plants	Akt
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0504S

Creatinine-d3

Creatinine-d₃ is a deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle[1].

HY-B0504S2

Creatinine-d5
Creatinine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

HY-B0504S1

Creatinine-13C
Creatinine- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.

HY-Y0418S

Dulcite-13C

Dulcite- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].
HY-Y0418S4

Dulcite-d2

Dulcite-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-B0882S

Edrophonium-d5 chloride
Edrophonium-d₅ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Edrophonium chloride. Edrophonium chloride is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; prevents breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, mainly at the neuromuscular junction.

HY-Y0418S1

Dulcite-13C-1

Dulcite- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].
HY-Y0418S2

Dulcite-13C-2

Dulcite- ¹³C-2 is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].
HY-Y0418S3

Dulcite-13C-3

Dulcite- ¹³C-3 is the ¹³C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact[1][2].

HY-W004515S

3-Pyridylacetic acid-d4 hydrochloride
3-Pyridylacetic acid-d₄ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled 3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride[1]. 3-Pyridineacetic acid hydrochloride is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids)[2][3].

HY-W017386S

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d8 sodium
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d₈ (sodium) is the deuterium labeled 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin, and also an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids[1].

HY-N6787S

5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d6
5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d₆ is the deuterium labeled 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].

HY-23155S

2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate-d5

2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate-d₅ isothiocyanate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate[1]. 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is a potent antifungal agent. 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 1.22 mM. The antifungal effect of 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate against Alternaria alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity[2][3].

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