Thyroid eye disease

Definition:

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also called Graves ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disorder of the retrobulbar tissue. It is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease [DS:H00082]. Although TED is often associated with hyperthyroidism, it may occur in primary hypothyroidism, and sometimes in euthyroid individuals.

References:

[1]. C Marcocci, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous or oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Aug;86(8):3562-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Danielle L Weiler, et al. Thyroid eye disease: a review. Clin Exp Optom. 2017 Jan;100(1):20-25. [Content Brief]

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