1. Academic Validation
  2. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is essential for biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators and cardiac repair in heart failure

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is essential for biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators and cardiac repair in heart failure

  • Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022 Oct 1;323(4):H721-H737. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00115.2022.
Ganesh V Halade 1 Vasundhara Kain 1 Shahriare Hossain 1 Vibhu Parcha 2 Nita A Limdi 3 Pankaj Arora 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
  • 2 Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
  • 3 Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Abstract

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5)-derived leukotrienes are primary signals of leukocyte activation and inflammation in response to ischemic cardiac injury (MI; myocardial infarction). Using risk-free male C57BL/6J and ALOX5-null mice (8-12 wk), we quantitated leukocytes and ALOX5-derived bioactive lipids of the infarcted left ventricle (LV) and spleen to measure the physiological inflammation and cardiac repair. Our results showed that ALOX5 endogenously generates specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that facilitate cardiac repair post-MI. Deficiency of ALOX5 leads to increase in cyclooxygenase gene expression, 6-keto prostaglandin F1α, and delayed neutrophil clearance with signs of unresolved inflammation post-MI. Consequently, ALOX5 deficiency impaired the resolution of inflammation and cardiac repair, including increased myocardium rupture post-MI in acute heart failure. On-time ALOX5 activation is critical for leukocyte clearance from the infarcted heart, indicating an essential role of ALOX5 in the resolution of inflammation. In addition, to balance the inflammatory responses, ALOX5 is also necessary for fibroblast signaling, as the ALOX5-deficient fibroblast are prone to fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation leading to defective scar formation in post-MI cardiac repair. Consistent with these findings, ALOX5-null mice showed an overly inflammatory response, defective fibrotic signaling, and unresolved inflammation. These findings are indicative of a critical role of ALOX5 in myocardium healing, inflammation-resolution signaling, cardiac repair, and fibroblast pathophysiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is critical in synthesizing specialized pro-resolving mediators that facilitate cardiac repair after cardiac injury. Thus, ALOX5 orchestrates the overlapping phases of inflammation and resolution to facilitate myocardium healing in cardiac repair postmyocardial infarction.

Keywords

fibroblast signaling; inflammation; non-resolving inflammation; resolution of inflammation; specialized pro-resolving mediators.

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