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ML604086 is a selective CCR8 inhibitor, inhibiting CCL1 binding to CCR8 on circulating T-cells. ML604086 inhibits CCL1 mediated chemotaxis and increases in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations .
Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation .
Antileukinate, a hexapeptide, is a potent inhibitor of CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR). Antileukinate inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. Antileukinate can be used for the research of acute inflammation and injury .
BMS-639623 is a potent and orally activeCCR3 antagonist with an IC50 of 0.3 nM. BMS-639623 picomolar inhibition potency against eosinophil chemotaxis (IC50=38 pM). BMS-639623 can be used for the research of asthma .
C-021 dihydrochloride is a potent CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4) antagonist. C-021 dihydrochloride potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in human and mouse with IC50s of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively. C-021 dihydrochloride effectively prevents human CCL22-derived [ 35S]GTPγS from binding to the receptor with an IC50 of 18 nM .
C-021 is a potent CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4) antagonist. C-021 potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in human and mouse with IC50s of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively. C-021 effectively prevents human CCL22-derived [ 35S]GTPγS from binding to the receptor with an IC50 of 18 nM .
CCR2 antagonist 4 (Teijin compound 1) is a potent and specific CCR2 antagonist, with IC50s of 180 nM for CCR2b. CCR2 antagonist 4 potently inhibits MCP-1-induced chemotaxis with an IC50 of 24 nM .
CCR2 antagonist 4 hydrochloride (Teijin compound 1 hydrochloride) is a potent and specific CCR2 antagonist, with IC50s of 180 nM for CCR2b. CCR2 antagonist 4 hydrochloride potently inhibits MCP-1-induced chemotaxis with an IC50 of 24 nM .
BMS-817399 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CCR1 antagonist. BMS-817399 exhibits CCR1 binding affinity and chemotaxis inhibition potencies of 1 and 6 nM (IC50), respectively. BMS-817399 can be used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis .
Vercirnon (GSK1605786A) is an orally bioavailable, selective, and potent antagonist of CCR9. Vercirnon inhibits CCR9-mediated Ca 2+ mobilization and chemotaxis on Molt-4 cells with IC50 values of 5.4 and 3.4 nM, respectively. Vercirnon is selective for CCR9 over CCR1-12 and CX3CR1-7 (IC50s>10 µM for all). Vercirnon is an equipotent inhibitor of CCL25-directed chemotaxis of both splice forms of CCR9 (CCR9A and CCR9B) with IC50 values of 2.8 and 2.6 nM, respectively .
Vercirnon (GSK1605786A) sodium is an orally bioavailable, selective, and potent antagonist of CCR9. Vercirnon sodium inhibits CCR9-mediated Ca 2+ mobilization and chemotaxis on Molt-4 cells with IC50 values of 5.4 and 3.4 nM, respectively. Vercirnon sodium is selective for CCR9 over CCR1-12 and CX3CR1-7 (IC50s>10 µM for all). Vercirnon sodium is an equipotent inhibitor of CCL25-directed chemotaxis of both splice forms of CCR9 (CCR9A and CCR9B) with IC50 values of 2.8 and 2.6 nM, respectively .
DL-175 (compound 13) is a selective GPR84 agonist with biased agonistic activity. DL-175 can selectively activate functional responses in immune cells and induce enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis of human bone marrow cells. DL-175 is a potential chemical probe .
FPR-A14 is a potent formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist. FPR-A14 is a potent activator of neutrophil Ca 2+ mobilization and chemotaxis with EC50s of 630 nM and 42 nM, respectively. FPR-A14 induces cell differentiation .
Isomaltulose monohydrate is a fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Isomaltulose monohydrate can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Isomaltulose monohydrate inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM) , cathepsin G release (IC< sub>50: 2.76 μM) and chemotaxis. Isomaltulose monohydrate can improve excessive activation of neutrophils and reduce inflammation or tissue damage. A series of derivatives of Isomaltulose monohydrate are found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
GPR84 antagonist 2 (compound 33) is a potent, selective, and orally active GPR84 antagonist (IC50=8.95 nM). GPR84 antagonist 2 shows improved potency in the calcium mobilization assay and the ability to inhibit the chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages upon GPR84 activation. GPR84 antagonist 2 has the potential for the research of ulcerative colitis .
W-54011 is a potent and orally active non-peptide C5a receptor antagonist. W-54011 inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled C5a to human neutrophils with a Ki value of 2.2 nM. W-54011 also inhibits C5a-induced intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization, chemotaxis, and generation of ROS in human neutrophils with IC50s of 3.1 nM, 2.7 nM, and 1.6 nM, respectively .
JNJ10191584 (VUF6002) is an orally active and selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 26 nM. JNJ10191584 shows 540-fold selectivity to H4 receptor over H3 receptor with a Ki value of 14.1 μM. JNJ10191584 inhibits chemotaxis of eosinophils and mast cells with IC50 values of 530 nM and 138 nM, respectively .
FIPI (5-Fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide), a derivative of Halopemide (HY-119093), is a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor with IC50s of approximately 25 nM and 20 nM for PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. FIPI inhibits PLD regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and chemotaxis. FIPI has the potential for autoimmunity and cancer metastasis research .
FIPI (5-Fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide) hydrochloride, a derivative of Halopemide (HY-119093), is a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor with IC50s of approximately 25 nM and 20 nM for PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. FIPI hydrochloride inhibits PLD regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and chemotaxis. FIPI hydrochloride has the potential for autoimmunity and cancer metastasis research .
JNJ10191584 (VUF6002) maleate (compound 40) is an orally active and selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 26 nM. JNJ10191584 maleate shows 540-fold selectivity to H4 receptor over the H3 receptor with a Ki value of 14.1 μM. JNJ10191584 maleate inhibits chemotaxis of eosinophils and mast cells with IC50 values of 530 nM and 138 nM, respectively .
trans-J-113863 is a potent chemokine CCR1 and CCR3 receptor antagonist, and inhibits MIP-1α-induced chemotaxis in CCR1 transfectants and eotaxin-induced chemotaxis in CCR3 transfectants with IC50 of 9.57 and 93.8 nM,respectively .
Palmitoyl carnosine is a pepide of the sequence of β-Ala-His. Palmitoyl carnosine has the activity of stimulating collagen synthesis, chemotaxis, and anti-stinging effects .
CKLF1-C19 is the C-terminal peptide of human chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1). CKLF1-C19 interacts with CCR4, and inhibits chemotaxis induced by both CKLF1 and CCL17. CKLF1-C19 can suppress allergic lung inflammation via inhibiting chemotaxis mediated by CCR3 and CCR4 .
BLT2 antagonist-1 (compound 15b) is a selective BLT2 antagonist that inhibits the chemotaxis of CHO-BLT2 cells with an IC50 of 224 nM. BLT2 antagonist-1 does not inhibits the chemotaxis of CHO-BLT1 cells. BLT2 antagonist-1 also inhibits the binding of LTB4 and BLT2 with a Ki value of 132 nM. BLT2 antagonist-1 can be used for the research of the inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
LMD-009 is a selective CCR8 nonpeptide agonist. LMD-009 mediates chemotaxis, inositol phosphate accumulation, and calcium release in high potencies with EC50s from 11 to 87 nM .
Rosiptor (AQX-1125) is a selective and orally active phosphatase SHIP1 activator with anti-inflammatory effects. Rosiptor (AQX-1125) inhibits Akt phosphorylation, inflammatory mediator production and leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro .
Rosiptor (AQX-1125) acetate is a selective and orally active phosphatase SHIP1 activator with anti-inflammatory effects. Rosiptor acetate (AQX-1125) inhibits Akt phosphorylation, inflammatory mediator production and leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro .
WKYMVM is a potent N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2 agonist, also activates several leukocyte effector functions such as chemotaxis, mobilization of complement receptor-3, and activation of the NADPH oxidase .
MLN3126 is an orally active and potent CCR9 antagonist. MLN3126 inhibits CCL25-induced calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of mouse primary thymocytes, wiht an IC50 value of 6.3 nM for calcium influx .
WKYMVM (TFA) is a potent N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2 agonist, also activates several leukocyte effector functions such as chemotaxis, mobilization of complement receptor-3, and activation of the NADPH oxidase .
INCB3344 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist with IC50 values of 5.1 nM (hCCR2) and 9.5 nM (mCCR2) in binding antagonism and 3.8 nM (hCCR2) and 7.8 nM (mCCR2) in antagonism of chemotaxis activity.
Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response .
Cetirizine dihydrochloride, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine dihydrochloride marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response .
R243 is a potent and selective CCR8 antagonist. R243 inhibits CCL1/CCR8 interaction and inhibits CCR8 signaling and chemotaxis. R243 has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects .
ML401, a potent chemical probe, selectively antagonizes EBI2 (also known as GPR183) with an IC50 of 1.03 nM. ML401 displays activity in a chemotaxis assay (IC50=6.24 nM). ML401 shows good stability and no toxicity .
Cetirizine Impurity B dihydrochloride is an impurity of Cetirizine dihydrochloride. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response .
Cetirizine Impurity D is an impurity of Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response .
ChemR23-IN-1 (compound 2) is a ChemR23 inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM and 100 nM for human and mouse ChemR23, respectively. ChemR23-IN-1 inhibits chemotaxis of CAL-1 triggered by Chemerin in vitro .
JBI-589 is a non-covalent PAD4 isoform-selective inhibitor. JBI-589 reduces CXCR2 expression and blocks neutrophil chemotaxis. JBI-589 reduces primary tumor and metastases, and enhances the anti-tumor effect of checkpoint inhibitors .
BMS CCR2 22 is a potent, specific and high affinity CC-type chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist with excellent binding affinity (binding IC50 of 5.1 nM) and potent functional antagonism (calcium flux IC50 of 18 nM and chemotaxisIC50 of 1 nM) .
WKYMVM-NH2 TFA is a potent N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2 agonist, also activates several leukocyte effector functions such as chemotaxis, mobilization of complement receptor-3, and activation of the NADPH oxidase .
SB-265610 is a selective, competitive, nonpeptide and allosteric CXCR2 antagonist. SB-265610 blocks rat cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1)-induced calcium mobilization and neutrophil chemotaxis with IC50s of 3.7 nM and 70 nM, respectively .
Cetirizine-d4 (dihydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine-d8 (dihydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine-d4 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine-d8 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
INCB3344 R-isomer is the R-isomer of INCB3344. INCB3344 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist with IC50 values of 5.1 nM (hCCR2) and 9.5 nM (mCCR2) in binding antagonism and 3.8 nM (hCCR2) and 7.8 nM (mCCR2) in antagonism of chemotaxis activity .
AZD2423 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, and non-competitive CCR2 chemokine receptor negative allosteric modulator. AZD2423 has an IC50 of 1.2 nM for CCR2 Ca 2+ flux .
Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions . Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS .
SRI-42127 is a HuR translocation inhibitor. HuR is an RNA regulator that binds to AREs, and HuR translocations promote the production of inflammatory cytokines in glial cells. However, SRI-42127 can destroy mRNA stability and inhibit gene promoter activation. SRI-42127 also inhibits microglial cell activation and attenuates recruitment/chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes .
JNJ-41443532 (CCR2 antagonist 5) is a selective, orally active hCCR2 inhibitor with good binding affinity (IC50=37 nM) and potent functional antagonism (chemotaxis IC50=30 nM). JNJ-41443532 displays a Ki of 9.6 µM for mCCR2 binding. JNJ-41443532 can be used in the research of inflammatory disease .
Olsalazine is a potent inhibitor of macrophages chemotaxis to LTB4 with an IC50 value of 0.39 mM, also reduces the synthesis of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 11-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) and mononuclear cells (MNL). Olsalazine can be used for researching ulcerative colitis. Anti-inflammatory activity .
cis-INCB3344 is the isomer of INCB3344 (HY-50674), and can be used as an experimental control. INCB3344 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist with IC50 values of 5.1 nM (hCCR2) and 9.5 nM (mCCR2) in binding antagonism and 3.8 nM (hCCR2) and 7.8 nM (mCCR2) in antagonism of chemotaxis activity.
CCR4 antagonist 2 (Compound 31) is a novel potent, orally bioavailable small molecule antagonists of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) that inhibits Treg trafficking into the Tumor Microenvironment without suppressing the number of Treg in healthy tissues.
CCR4 antagonist 2 (Compound 31) exhibits IC50 values of Ca 2+flux and (chemotaxis) CTX are 40 nM and 70 nM, respectively .
Vilobelimab (CaCP-29, IFX-1) is a monoclonal anti-C5a antibody to the allergen C5a, a pro-inflammatory complement division product that plays a central role in mediating organ dysfunction. Vilobelimab acts as a C5a inhibitor, inhibiting neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and reducing inflammatory signalling, and may be used in studies related to sepsis, COVID-19, etc .
CCR4 antagonist 4 (compound 22) is a selective and potent antagonist of the CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4), with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. CCR4 antagonist 4 also blocks MDC-mediated chemotaxis (IC50: 0.007 μM) and Ca 2+ mobilization (IC50: 0.003 μM). CCR4 antagonist 4 can be used for allergic inflammation research .
BMS-986235 (LAR-1219) is a selective, orally active formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist, with EC50s of 0.41 nM and 3.4 nM for hFPR2 and mFPR2, respectively. BMS-986235 has potential for the prevention of heart failure .
(Rac)-Calpain Inhibitor XII is a reversible and selective inhibitor of calpain I (μ-calpain, Ki=19 nM). (Rac)-Calpain Inhibitor XII has lower affinities for calpain II (m-calpain, Ki=120 nM) and cathepsin B (Ki=750 nM). (Rac)-Calpain Inhibitor XII has the potential for studying the role of calpains in diverse processes, including neutrophil chemotaxis, neuronal signaling, and cardiac response to injury .
C5a Receptor agonist, mouse, human is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is derived from the C-terminus of the chemokine, complement fragment 5 anaphylatoxin (C5a). This peptide functions as a C5a receptor agonist. C5a is a plasma protein involved in cellular inflammatory processes by inducing chemotaxis, degranulation of leukocytes, increased vascular permeability, and cytokine production. The cyclohexylalanine at position 5 is crucial to agonist function. Arg at the last position is of the d-isomer.)
HCH6-1 is a potent and competitive dipeptide antagonist of Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). HCH6-1 inhibits chemotaxis, superoxide anion generation, and elastase release in human neutrophils specifically activated by fMLF (an FPR1 agonist). HCH6-1 has protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo and can be used for the research of FPR1-involved inflammatory lung diseases .
J-113863 is a potent and selective CCR1 antagonist with IC50 values of 0.9 nM and 5.8 nM for human and mouse CCR1 receptors, respectively. J-113863 is also a potent antagonist of the human CCR3 (IC50 of 0.58 nM) , but a weak antagonist of the mouse CCR3 (IC50 of 460 nM). J-113863 is inactive against CCR2, CCR4 and CCR5, as well as the LTB4 or TNF-α receptors. Anti-inflammatory effect .
CXCR4 antagonist 5 (compound 23) is a highly potent CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 value of 8.8 nM. CXCR4 antagonist 5 can inhibit CXCL12-induced cytosolic calcium increase (IC50 = 0.02 nM) and inhibits CXCR4/CXLC12-mediated chemotaxis. CXCR4 antagonist 5 has good physicochemical properties and in vitro safety profiles, inhibiting CYP isozymes and hERG marginally or moderately .
Balixafortide TFA (POL6326 TFA) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM. Balixafortide TFA shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide TFA blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide TFA is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects .
Balixafortide (POL6326) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM. Balixafortide shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects .
K777 is a potent, orally active and irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. K777 is also a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 60 nM and a selective CCR4 antagonist featuring the potent chemotaxis inhibition. K777 irreversibly inhibits Cruzain, the major cysteine protease of Trypansoma cruzi, and cathepsins B and L. K777 is a broad-spectrum antiviral by targeting cathepsin-mediated cell entry. K777 inhibits SARS-CoV and EBOV pseudovirus entry with IC50 values of 0.68 nM and 0.87 nM, respectively .
Larixol is an fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Larixol can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Larixol inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM), cathepsin G release (IC50: 2.76 μM), and chemotaxis. Larixol improves neutrophil hyperactivation and reduces inflammation or tissue damage. A series of Larixol derivatives were found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
PMX-53 (3D53) is a synthetic peptidic and a potent and orally active complement C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist with an IC50 of 20 nM. PMX-53 is also a low-affinity MrgX2 agonist that stimulates MrgX2-mediated mast cell degranulation. PMX-53 specifically binds to C5aR1 and does not bind to the second C5aR (C5L2) and C3aR. PMX-53 has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiatherosclerotic effects .
γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system .
γ-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of γ-Aminobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system .
Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). Irbesartan can relax the blood vessels, low blood pressure and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Irbesartan can be used for the research of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease .
Irbesartan (SR-47436) hydrochloride is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). Irbesartan hydrochloride can relax the blood vessels, low blood pressure and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Irbesartan hydrochloride can be used for the research of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease .
6-OAU (GTPL5846) (6-n-octylaminouracil) is an GPR84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84) agonist, with an EC50 value of 105 nM. 6-OAU works as a chemoattractant to both PMNs and macrophages, and amplifies the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, shows proinflammatory function. 6-OAU also displays anti-bacterial function .
Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation .
Isomaltulose monohydrate is a fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Isomaltulose monohydrate can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Isomaltulose monohydrate inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM) , cathepsin G release (IC< sub>50: 2.76 μM) and chemotaxis. Isomaltulose monohydrate can improve excessive activation of neutrophils and reduce inflammation or tissue damage. A series of derivatives of Isomaltulose monohydrate are found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
CKLF1-C19 is the C-terminal peptide of human chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1). CKLF1-C19 interacts with CCR4, and inhibits chemotaxis induced by both CKLF1 and CCL17. CKLF1-C19 can suppress allergic lung inflammation via inhibiting chemotaxis mediated by CCR3 and CCR4 .
WKYMVM is a potent N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2 agonist, also activates several leukocyte effector functions such as chemotaxis, mobilization of complement receptor-3, and activation of the NADPH oxidase .
Antileukinate, a hexapeptide, is a potent inhibitor of CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR). Antileukinate inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. Antileukinate can be used for the research of acute inflammation and injury .
Substance P (3-11) is a substance P (SP) fragment peptide that can cross the BBB. Substance P (3-11) has contracting activities on guinea pig ileum. Substance P (3-11) also promotes human monocyte chemotaxis .
WKYMVM (TFA) is a potent N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2 agonist, also activates several leukocyte effector functions such as chemotaxis, mobilization of complement receptor-3, and activation of the NADPH oxidase .
WKYMVM-NH2 TFA is a potent N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2 agonist, also activates several leukocyte effector functions such as chemotaxis, mobilization of complement receptor-3, and activation of the NADPH oxidase .
C5a Receptor agonist, mouse, human is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is derived from the C-terminus of the chemokine, complement fragment 5 anaphylatoxin (C5a). This peptide functions as a C5a receptor agonist. C5a is a plasma protein involved in cellular inflammatory processes by inducing chemotaxis, degranulation of leukocytes, increased vascular permeability, and cytokine production. The cyclohexylalanine at position 5 is crucial to agonist function. Arg at the last position is of the d-isomer.)
Balixafortide TFA (POL6326 TFA) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM. Balixafortide TFA shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide TFA blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide TFA is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects .
Balixafortide (POL6326) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM. Balixafortide shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects .
PMX-53 (3D53) is a synthetic peptidic and a potent and orally active complement C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist with an IC50 of 20 nM. PMX-53 is also a low-affinity MrgX2 agonist that stimulates MrgX2-mediated mast cell degranulation. PMX-53 specifically binds to C5aR1 and does not bind to the second C5aR (C5L2) and C3aR. PMX-53 has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiatherosclerotic effects .
Aselizumab (HuDreg-55) is an humanized IgG4 mAb against L-selectin. However, L-selectin (CD62L) is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on circulating neutrophils. It regulates migrating cells to chemotaxis towards the site of injury. Aselizumab may be account for a high rate of infections and leucopenia after truma .
Vilobelimab (CaCP-29, IFX-1) is a monoclonal anti-C5a antibody to the allergen C5a, a pro-inflammatory complement division product that plays a central role in mediating organ dysfunction. Vilobelimab acts as a C5a inhibitor, inhibiting neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and reducing inflammatory signalling, and may be used in studies related to sepsis, COVID-19, etc .
Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response .
Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions . Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS .
γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system .
Larixol is an fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Larixol can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Larixol inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM), cathepsin G release (IC50: 2.76 μM), and chemotaxis. Larixol improves neutrophil hyperactivation and reduces inflammation or tissue damage. A series of Larixol derivatives were found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
γ-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of γ-Aminobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system .
MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 Protein, Mouse (His), an important chemokine, is a key regulator of immune microenvironment and primarily mediates the trafficking of immune cells in both inflammation and cancer. MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 Protein, Mouse (His) is a recombinant mouse CCL3 (A24-A92) expressed by E.coil with a His tag.
Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein (CIP) strategically counters the host defense mechanisms, inhibiting reactions of human neutrophils and monocytes to complement anaphylatoxin C5a and fMLP. As a molecular sentinel, CIP directly engages with C5aR and FPR, obstructing calcium responses induced by C5a and fMLP. In this tactical intervention, CIP acts as a guardian, finessefully thwarting bacterium phagocytosis. Chemotaxis inhibitory Protein, S. aureus (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant Staphylococcus aureus-derived Chemotaxis inhibitory protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Chemotaxis inhibitory Protein, S. aureus (P.pastoris, His) is 121 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.1 kDa.
Cetirizine-d4 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine-d8 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine-d4 (dihydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine-d8 (dihydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
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