Search Result

Pathways Recommended:	Autophagy

Results for "

Mitochondrial Autophagy

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	AUTACs (2) Autophagy (26) Mitochondrial Metabolism (6) Mitophagy (9) Adiponectin Receptor (1) Adrenergic Receptor (4) Akt (1) AMPK (4) Antibiotic (2) Apoptosis (16) Bacterial (2) Bcl-2 Family (1) Caspase (1) CFTR (3) E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (1) HIV (4) Imidazoline Receptor (4) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (3) Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC (1) NO Synthase (1) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (3) Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (3) P-glycoprotein (4) P2X Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (1) Paraptosis (1) Parasite (2) PARP (1) Phosphatase (1) PKC (1) Potassium Channel (3) RABV (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (2) Reverse Transcriptase (3) Sirtuin (1) Wnt (1) β-catenin (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (20) Cardiovascular Disease (9) Endocrinology (1) Infection (7) Inflammation/Immunology (3) Metabolic Disease (12) Neurological Disease (6)

By Targets:

AUTACs (2)

Autophagy (26)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (6)

Mitophagy (9)

Adiponectin Receptor (1)

Adrenergic Receptor (4)

Akt (1)

AMPK (4)

Antibiotic (2)

Apoptosis (16)

Bacterial (2)

Bcl-2 Family (1)

Caspase (1)

CFTR (3)

E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1)

HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (1)

HIV (4)

Imidazoline Receptor (4)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (3)

Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC (1)

NO Synthase (1)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (3)

Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (3)

P-glycoprotein (4)

P2X Receptor (1)

p38 MAPK (1)

Paraptosis (1)

Parasite (2)

PARP (1)

Phosphatase (1)

PKC (1)

Potassium Channel (3)

RABV (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (2)

Reverse Transcriptase (3)

Sirtuin (1)

Wnt (1)

β-catenin (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (20)

Cardiovascular Disease (9)

Endocrinology (1)

Infection (7)

Inflammation/Immunology (3)

Metabolic Disease (12)

Neurological Disease (6)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Targets Recommended: Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism Mitophagy AUTACs Atg4

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas

HY-15206

Glibenclamide 15+ Cited Publications Glyburide	Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy CFTR P-glycoprotein	Metabolic Disease
Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel (K_ATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of K_ATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability. Glibenclamide can induce *autophagy*.

HY-147108

Mitochondria degrader-1	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Neurological Disease
Mitochondria degrader-1 (example 5) is a potent *mitochondria* degrader. Mitochondria degrader-1 induces the degradation of the injured mitochondria by the autophagy mechanism. Mitochondria degrader-1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative disease, cancer, inflammatory disease, age-related disease, metabolic disease, mitochondrial disease or Down's disease.

HY-17471A

Metformin hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 99 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy	Metabolic Disease Cardiovascular Disease
Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin hydrochloride triggers *autophagy*.

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆ (hydrochloride)	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy	Metabolic Disease Cardiovascular Disease
Metformin-d₆ (hydrochloride)e is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin hydrochloride triggers autophagy[1].

HY-B0627

Metformin Maximum Cited Publications 99 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy	Cancer Metabolic Disease Cardiovascular Disease
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin can cross the blood-brain barrier and triggers *autophagy*.

HY-124726

Aumitin	Autophagy	Cancer Neurological Disease
Aumitin is a diaminopyrimidine-based *autophagy* inhibitor which inhibits mitochondrial respiration by targeting complex I. Aumitin inhibits starvation- and rapamycin induced autophagy dose dependently with IC₅₀s of 0.12 μM and 0.24 μM, respectively.

HY-134640

AUTAC4	AUTACs Mitophagy	Cancer Neurological Disease
AUTAC4 is a mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC4 downregulates cytosolic proteins and promotes targeted mitochondrial turnover via mitophagy.

HY-150407

TSPO ligand-1	Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC Autophagy	Cancer Neurological Disease Others
TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial *autophagy* to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration.

HY-156187

Anticancer agent 161	Others	Cancer
Anticancer agent 161 (Compound 3b) is a bioactive alkynol with anti-cancer potential. Anticancer agent 161 can trigger autophagy and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion.

HY-147225

TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1	AUTACs Mitophagy	Cancer Metabolic Disease Neurological Disease
TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 contains a ligand for translocator protein (TSPO) and a linker, which is used for the synthesis of mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC can bind the TSPO on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of mitochondria and degrades impaired mitochondria and proteins via mitophagy, and improves mitochondrial activity. TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 can be used in mitochondrial dysfunction related research, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes.

HY-N6779

Patulin 3 Publications Verification Terinin	Bacterial Apoptosis Autophagy Antibiotic	Infection
Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage.

HY-12406

VLX600	Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Cancer
VLX600 is an iron-chelating inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). VLX600 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and induces a strong shift to glycolysis. VLX600 displays selective cytotoxic activity against malignant cell and induces *autophagy*. Anticancer activity.

HY-134656

BC1618 1 Publications Verification	AMPK Mitophagy E1/E2/E3 Enzyme	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
BC1618, an orally active Fbxo48 inhibitory compound, stimulates Ampk-dependent signaling (via preventing activated pAmpkα from Fbxo48-mediated degradation). BC1618 promotes mitochondrial fission, facilitates autophagy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity.

HY-15206S

Glyburide-d11	Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy CFTR P-glycoprotein	Metabolic Disease
Glyburide-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity[1]. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR)[3]. Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability[4]. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy[5].

HY-15206S1

Glyburide-d3 Glyburide-d₃	Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy CFTR P-glycoprotein	Metabolic Disease
Glyburide-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity[1]. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR)[3]. Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability[4]. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy[5].

HY-N2673

5-Heptadecylresorcinol 5-n-Heptadecylresorcinol; AR-C17	Sirtuin	Metabolic Disease Cardiovascular Disease
5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17), a phenolic lipid component, is also an orally active mitochondrial protector. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol improves mitochondrial function via sirtuin3 signaling pathway, thus alleviates endothelial cell damage and apoptosis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol induces sirtuin3-mediated *autophagy*. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol reduces the atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root region of mice heart. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol can be used for research of atherosclerosis prevention and obesity.

HY-N10443

Mammea A/BA	Parasite Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species	Infection
Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, *autophagy* and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease.

HY-B0116

Stavudine 3 Publications Verification d4T	Reverse Transcriptase HIV Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Autophagy Apoptosis	Infection
Stavudine (d4T) is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Stavudine has activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Stavudine also inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Stavudine reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulates Amyloid-β autophagy. Stavudine induces apoptosis.

HY-B0116A

Stavudine sodium d4T sodium	Reverse Transcriptase HIV Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Autophagy Apoptosis	Infection
Stavudine (d4T) sodium is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Stavudine sodium has activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Stavudine sodium also inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Stavudine sodium reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulates Amyloid-β autophagy. Stavudine sodium induces apoptosis.

HY-115576

P62-mediated mitophagy inducer 3 Publications Verification PMI	Mitophagy Autophagy	Cancer Neurological Disease
P62-mediated mitophagy inducer (PMI) is a P62-mediated mitophagy activator. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer activates mitochondrial *autophagy* without recruitment of Parkin or collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and remains active in cells lacking a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer serves as a pharmacological tool to study the molecular mechanisms of mitosis, avoiding toxicity and some of the non-specific effects associated with the sudden dissipation of mitochondria lacking membrane potential.

HY-N6779S

Patulin-13C7 Terinin-¹³C₇	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Infection
Patulin-¹³C₇ (Terinin-¹³C₇) is the ¹³C labeled Patulin (HY-N6779). Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage.

HY-B0116S

Stavudine-d4	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Reverse Transcriptase HIV Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Autophagy Apoptosis	Infection
Stavudine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Stavudine. Stavudine (d4T) is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Stavudine has activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Stavudine also inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Stavudine reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulates Amyloid-β autophagy. Stavudine induces apoptosis[1][2][3][4].

HY-100490B

Rilmenidine phosphate	Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy	Cancer Cardiovascular Disease
Rilmenidine phosphate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate induces *autophagy. Rilmenidine phosphate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na⁺/H⁺ antiport. Rilmenidine phosphate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial* pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .

HY-W016409

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate Ethyl protocatechuate	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species NO Synthase Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer Metabolic Disease
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Ethyl protocatechuate), an antioxidant, is a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor found in the testa of peanut seeds. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects myocardium by activating NO synthase and generating mitochondrial ROS. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate induces cell *autophagy* and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a collagen synthesis inhibitor and has a bone protecting-effect.

HY-100490

Rilmenidine	Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy	Cancer Cardiovascular Disease
Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces *autophagy. Rilmenidine acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na⁺/H⁺ antiport. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial* pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells.

HY-101180

C2 Ceramide 1 Publications Verification Ceramide 2	Phosphatase Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Autophagy	Endocrinology Metabolic Disease
C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, *autophagy* and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss.

HY-100490A

Rilmenidine hemifumarate	Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy	Cancer Cardiovascular Disease
Rilmenidine hemifumarate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine hemifumarate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na⁺/H⁺ antiport. Rilmenidine hemifumarate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .

HY-N9182

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate Physalien	Adiponectin Receptor P2X Receptor Autophagy	Inflammation/Immunology
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (Physalien) is a wolfberry-derived carotenoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate directly interact with p2X7 receptor (K_d=81.2 nM) and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1; K_d=533 nM) in a positive dose-dependent manner. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate restores mitochondrial *autophagy* functions suppressed by ethanol intoxication. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate can be used in the research of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

HY-100490S

Rilmenidine-d4	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy	Cancer Cardiovascular Disease
Rilmenidine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Rilmenidine. Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces autophagy. Rilmenidine acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells[1][2][3].

HY-18980

Rottlerin 4 Publications Verification Mallotoxin; NSC 56346; NSC 94525	PKC Autophagy Apoptosis HIV RABV	Infection Cancer
Rottlerin, a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific PKC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values for PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM. Rottlerin acts as a direct mitochondrial uncoupler, and stimulates autophagy by targeting a signaling cascade upstream of mTORC1. Rottlerin induces apoptosis via caspase 3 activation. Rottlerin inhibits HIV-1 integration and Rabies virus (RABV) infection.

HY-15597

Salinomycin 20+ Cited Publications Procoxacin	Bacterial Wnt β-catenin Mitophagy Autophagy Apoptosis Antibiotic Parasite	Cancer
Salinomycin (Procoxacin), a polyether potassium ionophore antibiotic, selectively inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. Salinomycin is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, blocks Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation. Salinomycin (Procoxacin) shows selective activity against human cancer stem cells.

HY-N0484

Liensinine 5+ Cited Publications	Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis	Cancer Cardiovascular Disease
Liensinine is an autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc.

HY-155719

fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3]	Paraptosis	Cancer
fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 3), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells with IC₅₀=0.32 μM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in mitochondria, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes paraptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy.

HY-155718

fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3]	Apoptosis	Cancer
fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 6), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells, IC₅₀=50 nM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in the nucleus, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes apoptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L6)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, pyrodeath and autophagy.

HY-N3584

Paris saponin VII 1 Publications Verification Chonglou Saponin VII	Akt p38 MAPK P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family Caspase PARP Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia.

Cat. No.	Product Name

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library	457 compounds
Mitochondria, as the main place of energy supply in life, is essential to maintain normal life activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. The heart, brain and liver rely heavily on mitochondrial function as the main organs for drug metabolism. In addition, mitochondria is also a target of many drugs, some of which induce organotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial toxicity. MCE contains 457 mitochondrial toxic compounds, which can be used as tool compounds for drug development, organ toxicity and disease mechanism research.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Category

Patulin 3 Publications Verification Terinin	Bacterial Apoptosis Autophagy Antibiotic	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source classification Infection Disease Research Fields Classification of Application Fields
Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage.

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate Ethyl protocatechuate	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species NO Synthase Autophagy Apoptosis	Phenols Polyphenols Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Metabolic Disease Source classification Plants Leguminosae Arachis hypogaea L.
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Ethyl protocatechuate), an antioxidant, is a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor found in the testa of peanut seeds. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects myocardium by activating NO synthase and generating mitochondrial ROS. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate induces cell *autophagy* and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a collagen synthesis inhibitor and has a bone protecting-effect.

5-Heptadecylresorcinol 5-n-Heptadecylresorcinol; AR-C17	Sirtuin	Structural Classification Phenols Polyphenols Gramineae Secale cereale Plants Source classification
5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17), a phenolic lipid component, is also an orally active mitochondrial protector. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol improves mitochondrial function via sirtuin3 signaling pathway, thus alleviates endothelial cell damage and apoptosis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol induces sirtuin3-mediated *autophagy*. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol reduces the atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root region of mice heart. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol can be used for research of atherosclerosis prevention and obesity.

Mammea A/BA	Parasite Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species	Phenylpropanoids Coumarins Source classification Plants other families Calophyllum brasiliense auct. non Camb.
Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, *autophagy* and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease.

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate Physalien	Adiponectin Receptor P2X Receptor Autophagy	Terpenoids Diterpenoids Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source classification Plants Solanaceae Lycium chinense Miller
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (Physalien) is a wolfberry-derived carotenoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate directly interact with p2X7 receptor (K_d=81.2 nM) and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1; K_d=533 nM) in a positive dose-dependent manner. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate restores mitochondrial *autophagy* functions suppressed by ethanol intoxication. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate can be used in the research of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Rottlerin 4 Publications Verification Mallotoxin; NSC 56346; NSC 94525	PKC Autophagy Apoptosis HIV RABV	Chalcones Phenols Polyphenols Structural Classification Flavonoids Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Plants Source classification Disease Research Fields Cancer Classification of Application Fields
Rottlerin, a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific PKC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values for PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM. Rottlerin acts as a direct mitochondrial uncoupler, and stimulates autophagy by targeting a signaling cascade upstream of mTORC1. Rottlerin induces apoptosis via caspase 3 activation. Rottlerin inhibits HIV-1 integration and Rabies virus (RABV) infection.

Liensinine Maximum Cited Publications 8 Publications Verification	Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis	Alkaloid Dimers Alkaloids Phenols Polyphenols Structural Classification other families Plants Source classification Disease Research Fields Classification of Application Fields Cardiovascular Disease
Liensinine is an autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc.

Paris saponin VII 1 Publications Verification Chonglou Saponin VII	Akt p38 MAPK P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family Caspase PARP Autophagy Apoptosis	Steroids Disease Research Fields Cancer Classification of Application Fields Source classification Plants Liliaceae Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia.

Cat. No.	Product Name