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Phospholipase D, Streptomyces chromofuscus (PLD) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily, which widely exists in bacteria, yeast, plants, animals and viruses, and is often used in biochemical research. Phospholipase D can catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in glycerophospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and soluble choline. Phospholipase D is involved in a variety of disease-related processes, including diabetes, atherogenesis, obesity, tumorigenesis, immune response, and neuroendocrine function .
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA). Phospholipase A2 is a member of the class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes, is often used in biochemical studies .
A3373, a novel chemical inhibitor of Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and PLD2, with IC50 of 325 nM and 15.15?μM, respectively, inhibits LPS-induced immune response and plays important roles in autoimmune arthritis, bone demineralization and osteoclastogenesis .
N-Butylfluorescein is an alkyl-substituted fluorescein, can be used for synthesis of fluorogenic substrates for assaying phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C .
A4333 is biotinylated compound of A3373 (HY-155342) that inhibits Phospholipase D1 (PLD1), but not PLD2. A4333 plays an important role in antitumor activity .
PACOCF3 (Palmityltrifluoromethylketone) is a selective phospholipase A2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.8 μM. PACOCF3 alters Ca 2+ signaling in renal tubular cells .
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (L-alpha-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate), a phospholipid component of cell membranes, is a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and as a primary messenger .
PED6 is a PLA2 substrate fluorescent probe (EX/EM=488/530 nm) that is a BODIFY-labeled fluorescent phosphatidylethanolamine analogue. PED6 can be used for detection of phospholipase A2 .
Lp-PLA2-IN-2 is a potent and selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 0f 120 nM for recombinant human Lp-PLA2 .
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate is an active compound from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. shows anti-inflammatory activity with evidence of inhibition for secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) through molecular docking .
LY-311727 is a potent secretory non-pancreatic phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor (IC50 <1 μM for group IIA sPLA2). sPLA2 is an important proinflammatory enzyme .
CHS-111 is a benzyl indazole inhibitor of superoxide anion O 2- generation. CHS-111 inhibits the cell migration, and reduces the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipase D activity, with the IC50 of 3.9 μM .
Fuzapladib (IS-741), an orally active leukocyte-function-associated antigen type 1 (LFA-1) activation inhibitor, is a leukocyte adhesion molecule. Fuzapladib is also a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. Fuzapladib exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration into the inflammatory site .
Giripladib (PLA-695) is a indole-based inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). Giripladib can be used for osteoarthritis and breast cancer research .
Mastoparan X is a GTP-binding regulatory protein (G protein)-activating peptide, and a tetradecapeptide from wasp venom. Mastoparan X acts function by the direct activation of G protein that couple to phospholipase C to cause secretion from various kinds of cells .
ROC-0929 (compound 13a) is a potent and selective inhibitor of secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) with an IC50 of 80 nM, specially targeting hGX. ROC-0929 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p-38. Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are a family of disulfide-rich, Ca 2+-dependent enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycero-phospholipids to release a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. ROC-0929 has the potential for researching inflammation related diseases .
Lp-PLA2-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-4 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2021228159A1, compound 38) .
Lp-PLA2-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-5 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2021228159A1, compound 32) .
Lp-PLA2-IN-11 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-11 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2014114249A1, compound E145) .
D609, an antitumoural xanthate, is a specific and competitive phosphatidyl choline-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor with a Ki of 6.4 μM. D609 is an antioxidative protector and has antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity .
Lp-PLA2-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-10 has the potential for the research of neurodegenerative-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), or cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis (extracted from patent WO2022001881A1, compound 4) .
CAY10502 is a potent, calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 α (cPLA2α) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.3 nM for isolated enzyme. CAY10502 can be used in the research of retinopathy and inflammatory diseases .
Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride is a potent PKC (protein kinase C) inhibitor. At 100 μM, Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride completely inhibits both TPA (skin tumour promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and phospholipase C-induced ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) .
Fuzapladib (IS-741) sodium, an orally active leukocyte-function-associated antigen type 1 (LFA-1) activation inhibitor, is a leukocyte adhesion molecule. Fuzapladib sodium is also a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. Fuzapladib sodium exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration into the inflammatory site .
FKGK11 is a potent and selective inhibitor of GVIA iPLA2 (Group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2). FKGK11 can be used for the research of ovarian cancer and neurological disorders such as peripheral nerve injury and multiple sclerosis .
Choline tosylate is a nucleophilic compound that inhibits phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C. Choline tosylate inhibits tumor growth in mice by inhibiting the formation of diacylglycerol (DAG) .
5,7,3' -tri-O-Methyl (-)-epicatechin (Compound 13) is a phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) inhibitor. 5,7,3' -tri-o-methyl (-)-epicatechin has a methylene dioxy benzene ring and can express inhibitory activity against PLCγ1. 5,7,3' -tri-O-Methyl (-)-epicatechin can be used in the study of chemotherapy and chemopexic agents for cancer .
MJ33 is an active-site-directed, specific, competitive, and reversible phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. MJ33 blocks the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activity of Prdx6 .
GSK2647544 is an orally available, selective inhibitor of Lp-PLA2. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase (Lp-PLA2) is a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 with proinflammatory activities that is primarily secreted by monocyte-derived macrophages .
MJ33-OH is a metabolite of MJ33. MJ33 is an active-site-directed, specific, competitive, and reversible phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. MJ33 blocks the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activity of Prdx6 .
Vinaxanthone (SM-345431) is a potent and selective semaphorin3A, phospholipase C (PLC) and FabI inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.1-0.2 μM and 0.9 mM for semaphorin3A and FabI. Vinaxanthone inhibits the substrate (t-o-NAC thioester) and the cofactor (NADPH) with Kis of 3.1 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. Vinaxanthone can be used to handle infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens .
MJ33-OH lithium is a metabolite of MJ33. MJ33 is an active-site-directed, specific, competitive, and reversible phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. MJ33 blocks the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activity of Prdx6 .
Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity .
ARN19874 is a selective, reversible uncompetitive N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) activity inhibitor with an IC50 of ~34 μM .
Aristolochic acid C is a derivative of Aristolochic acid. Aristolochic acid is a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, which disrupts cortical microtubule arrays and root growth in Arabidopsis .
Difluprednate is a topical corticosteroid, which is thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins (lipocortins). Difluprednate is used for the symptomatic treatment of inflammation and pain associated with ocular surgery.
Uralsaponin D is a saponin that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Uralsaponin D inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with an IC50 value of 32.2 μM .
Lyso-PAF C-16 is a substrate of lysoplasmalogen (LysoPls)-specific phospholipase D (LysoPLD). Lyso-PAF C-16 selective acetylates with arachidonic acid .
KT109 is a potent and an isoform-selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase-β (DAGLβ) with an IC50 of 42 nM. KT109 has ~60-fold selectivity for DAGLβ over DAGLα. KT109 shows inhibitory activity against PLA2G7 (IC50=1 µM). KT109 shows negligible activity against FAAH, MGLL, ABHD11, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 or PLA2G4A). KT109 perturbs a lipid network involved in macrophage inflammatory responses and lowers 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid and eicosanoids in mouse peritoneal macrophages .
trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant .
ML298 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) with an IC50 of 355 nM. ML298 decreases invasive migration in U87-MG glioblastoma cells .
Protizinic acid is an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent with antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity. Protizinic acid inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, and the IC50 value is 210 μM .
ST271 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), inhibits phospholipase D activation stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe and PAF, with IC50s of 6.7 and 9 μM, respectively.
LEI-401 is a first-in-class, selective, and CNS-active NAPE-PLD (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 27 nM. LEI-401 modulates emotional behavior in mice .
Lp-PLA2-IN-16 (example 1) is a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA 2) inhibitor, which can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, etc .
Lp-PLA2-IN-15 (example 2) is a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA 2) inhibitor, which can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, etc .
Halopemide is a potent phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor, with IC50s of 220 and 310 nM for human PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. Halopemid is a dopamine receptors antagonist, and acts a psychotropic agent .
OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 70 nM. OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca 2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 of 0.4 μM .
7-Hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate is a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) fluorogenic substrate. 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate can be used to monitor the enzymatic activity of cPLA2 .
CAY10650 is a highly potent cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 12 nM. CAY10650 suppresses lipid droplets formation and PGE2 secretion .
Ecopladib is a sub-micromolar inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), with IC50s of 0.15 μM and 0.11 μM in the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays, respectively.
Rilapladib (SB 659032) is a selective Lp-PLA2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 230 pM . Rilapladib (SB 659032) is also a PAFR (Platelet Activating Factor Receptor) antagonist .
Alminoprofen (EB-382) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) of the phenylpropionic acid class. Alminoprofen possesses a dual anti-inflammatory action, by inhibiting both secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and COX-2 .
ML299 is a selective allosteric modulator and a dual inhibitor of phospholipases D1 and D2 (IC50 values are 6 and 12 nM, respectively). ML299 decreases invasive migration in U87-MG glioblastoma cells .
VU 0364739 hydrochloride is a highly selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor with IC50s of 20 and 1500 nM for PLD2 and PLD1, respectively. VU 0364739 hydrochloride induces apoptosis and it can be used for cancer research .
Lp-PLA2-IN-1 is a potent Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor. Lp-PLA2-IN-1 has the potential for atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease research .
Lp-PLA2-IN-3 is a potent and orally bioavailable lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 14 nM for recombinant human Lp-PLA2 (rhLpPLA2) .
VU0155069 (CAY10593), is a selective phospholipase D1 (PLD1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 46 nM in vitro. VU0155069 (CAY10593) strongly inhibits the invasive migration of several cancer cell lines in transwell assays .
CCT129957 is an indole derivative and a potent phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) inhibitor with an IC50 of ~3 μM and a GC50 of 15 μM. CCT129957 inhibits Ca 2+ release in squamous carcinoma cells at ~15 μM .
(R)-Bromoenol lactone ((R)-BEL) is an irreversible, chiral, mechanism-based inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase γ (iPLA2γ). (R)-BEL inhibits human recombinant iPLA2γ with an IC50 of approximately 0.6 µM .
VU0155069 hydrochloride (CAY10593 hydrochloride) is a potent selective phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor. The IC50 values for PLD1 and PLD2 are 46 and 933 nM, respectively. VU0155069 hydrochloride inhibits migration of human and mouse breast cancer cell lines .
LY 178002 is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPO), phospholipase A2, with IC50 of 0.6 μM for 5-lipoxygenase, inhibits cellular production of LTB4 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and shows relatively weak inhibition on cyclooxygenase.
SKF83822 hydrobromide is a potent dopamine D1 receptor agonist. SKF83822 hydrobromide activates Gs/olf/adenylyl cyclase (AC)-coupled D1 receptors, but not phospholipase C (PLC)-coupled D1-like receptors .
SKF 83822 is an atypical agonist of dopamine D1 receptor. SKF 83822 activates adenylyl cyclase (AC), but not phospholipase C (PLC). SKF 83822 is also proved to stimulate AC via cAMP production. SKF 83822 can be used for research of schizophrenia .
2-(E-2-decenoylamino)ethyl 2-(cyclohexylethyl) sulfide is a compound that inhibits stress-induced ulcer and low toxicity, and can maintain the content of phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin E2 in ulcerated rats induced by water immersed restrained stress.
N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA) is a broad spectrum Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor and TRP channel blocker . N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA) is also an effective reversible inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride channels, has potential to treat arrhythmia .
Compound 48/80 (Poly-p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine) is widely used in animal and tissue models as a "selective" mast cell activator. Compound 48/80 acts at the mast cell membrane to stimulate trimeric G-proteins and induces degranulation via phospholipase C and D pathways .
(S)-Bromoenol lactone ((S)-BEL) is an irreversible, chiral, mechanism-based inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) that inhibits the vasopressin-induced release of arachidonate from cultured rat aortic smooth muscle (A10) cells with an IC50 of 2 µM .
LEI110 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable pan-inhibitor of the HRASLS family of thiol hydrolases. LEI110 inhibits PLA2G16, HRASLS2, RARRES3 and iNAT, with pIC50 values of 7.0, 6.8, 6.8, and 7.6, respectively. LEI110 reduces cellular arachidonic acid levels and oleic acid-induced lipolysis in HepG2 cells .
Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride (C48/80 trihydrochloride) is a mixture of condensation products of N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde. Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride is also a histamine releaser and a mast cell degranulator. Compound 48/80 inhibits phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity from human platelets .
Bromoenol lactone ((6E)-Bromoenol lactone) is a suicide-based irreversible, selective, potent inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) with an IC50 value of approximately 7 μM, which inhibits antigen-stimulated mast cell exocytosis without blocking Ca 2+ influx .
sPLA2 inhibitor 1, a D-tyrosine derivative, is an orally active, potent secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM for human nonpancreatic secretory PLA2 isoform IIa (hnpsPLA2-IIa). sPLA2 inhibitor 1 has anti-inflammatory activity .
(2E)-OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 70 nM. (2E)-OBAA induces apoptosis of HUVEC cells. (2E)-OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca 2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei, with an IC50 of 0.4 μM .
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that can be produced by the combined action of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and phospholipase D2 (PLD2). Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol inhibits macrophage inflammatory mediator production in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4) activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) .
BML-280 (VU0285655-1) is a potent and selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor. BML-280 has the ability to prevent caspase-3 cleavage and reduction in cell viability induced by high glucose. BML-280 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis research .
Lipstatin is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor (IC50=0.14 μM), whose structure is closely related to the known inhibitor, Esterastin. Lipstatin inhibits the absorption of triglycerides without affecting the absorption of oleic acid. Lipstatin has no inhibitory effects on other pancreatic enzymes, such as phospholipase A2 and trypsin (<200 μM) .
Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis .
DHPG ((RS)-3,5-DHPG) is an amino acid, which acts as a selective and potent agonist of group I mGluR (mGluR 1 and mGluR 5), shows no effect on Group II or Group III mGluRs . DHPG ((RS)-3,5-DHPG) is also an effective antagonist of mGluRs linked to phospholipase D .
sPLA2-X Inhibitor 31 is a selective secreted phospholipase A2 type X (sPLA2-X) inhibitor with IC50s of 26 nM, 310 nM, and 2230 nM for sPLA2-X, sPLA2-IIa, and sPLA2-V, respectively .
U-73343, works as a protonophore, is an inactive analog of U-73122 and can be used as a negative control. U-73343 dose-dependently inhibits acid secretion irrespective of the stimulant. U-73122 is a phospholipase C (PLC) and 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1-2.1 µM for PLC .
FKGK18 is a selective group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (GVIA iPLA2) inhibitor. FKGK18 is a fluoroketone (FK)-based compound with IC50s of 50 nM and 3 μM for iPLA2β and iPLA2γ. FKGK18 can be used for the research of beta-cell apoptosis and diabetes .
Varespladib (LY315920) is a potent and selective group IIA, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9 nM. Varespladib exhibits the significant inhibitory effect on sPLA2 activity in serum from various species including rat, rabbit, guinea pig and human with IC50s of 8.1 nM, 5.0 nM, 3.2 nM and 6.2 nM, respectively .
Varespladib sodium (LY315920 sodium) is a potent and selective group IIA, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9 nM. Varespladib sodium exhibits the significant inhibitory effect on sPLA2 activity in serum from various species including rat, rabbit, guinea pig and human with IC50s of 8.1 nM, 5.0 nM, 3.2 nM and 6.2 nM, respectively .
CAY10594 is a potent phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor both in vitro (IC50=140 nM) and in cells (IC50=110 nM) . CAY10594 strongly inhibits the invasive migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by regulating the phosphorylated-GSK-3β/JNK axis .
GK187 is a potent and selective Group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (GVIA iPLA2) inhibitor with an XI(50) value of 0.0001. GK187 can be used for researching various neurological disorders . [The XI(50) is the mole fraction of the inhibitor in the total substrate interface required to inhibit the enzyme by 50%.]
GTPγS (tetralithium) is a G-protein activator that protects proteins from proteolytic degradation, stimulates GLUT4 translocation in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner, stimulate phospholipases and induce actin polymerization. GTPγS (tetralithium) to couple with G- protein α, to study its effect on kinase activity. GTPγS (tetralithium) acts as a component of lysis buffer .
BAPTA is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. BAPTA can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
VU0359595 (CID-53361951; ML-270) is a potent and selective pharmacological phospholipase D1 (PLD1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.7 nM. VU0359595 is >1700-fold selective for PLD1 over PLD2 (IC50 of 6.4 μM). VU0359595 can be used for the research of cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases .
FIPI (5-Fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide), a derivative of Halopemide (HY-119093), is a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor with IC50s of approximately 25 nM and 20 nM for PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. FIPI inhibits PLD regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and chemotaxis. FIPI has the potential for autoimmunity and cancer metastasis research .
FIPI (5-Fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide) hydrochloride, a derivative of Halopemide (HY-119093), is a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor with IC50s of approximately 25 nM and 20 nM for PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. FIPI hydrochloride inhibits PLD regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and chemotaxis. FIPI hydrochloride has the potential for autoimmunity and cancer metastasis research .
BAPTA tetrapotassium is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA tetrapotassium is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. BAPTA tetrapotassium can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
GK563 is a selective Ca 2+-independent phospholipase A2 (GVIA iPLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1 nM. GK563 is 22000 times more active against GVIA iPLA2 than GIVA cPLA2. GK563 reduces β-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines, raising the possibility that it can be beneficial in countering autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes .
(Z)-Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine ((Z)-OPC) is an isomer of Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (OPC). Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is an inhibitor of secreted Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), which is involved in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory lipid media. Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine can be used to study inflammatory diseases. Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine also modified the red blood membrane and was used to bind the oxygen-carrying liquid perfluorocarbons as an antivenom agent to reduce toxin-induced hemolysis .
m-3M3FBS is a potent phospholipase C (PLC) activator. m-3M3FBS stimulates superoxide generation in human neutrophils, upregulates intracellular calcium concentration, and stimulates inositol phosphate generation in various cell lines. m-3M3FBS induces monocytic leukemia cell apoptosis .
BAPTA tetrasodium is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA tetrasodium, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA tetrasodium is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. BAPTA tetrasodium can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways .
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is a substrate of many phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2. Cleavage of sn-2 fatty acids by PLA2 results in the production of free thiols, which react with chromogenic reagents such as DTNB (Ellman's reagent) and DTP, allowing quantification of PLA2 activity. Isozyme-specific cPLA2 activity can be measured by depleting or inhibiting sPLA2 and iPLA2 activity in the assay.
7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonate (7-HCA) is a fluorogenic substrate of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonate is also a fluorogenic substrate for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonat to generate Arachidonic acid (AA) and the highly fluorescent 7-hydroxyl coumarin (7-HC; HY-N0573). Release of 7-HC can be measured using a fluorometer .
AACOCF3 (Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone) is a cell-permeant trifluoromethyl ketone analog of arachidonic acid. AACOCF3 is a potent and selective slow binding inhibitor of the 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). AACOCF3 blocks production of arachidonate and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by calcium ionophore-challenged platelets. AACOCF3 inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. AACOCF3 has the potential for the research of cardiovascular disease .
RHC 80267 (U-57908) is a potent and selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) (with IC50 of 4 μM in canine platelets). RHC-80267 inhibits cholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 4 μM, thereby enhancing the relaxation evoked by acetylcholine. RHC 80267 also inhibits COX and the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) .
Enprofylline acts as a selective and competitive A2B receptor antagonist with the Ki of 7 μM. Enprofylline also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Enprofylline can be used for the research of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM is a cyclic AMP analogue, selectively activates Epac-Rap signaling pathway. 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM protects renal function by activating Epac from ischemia injury. 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM also stimulates insulin secretion by interaction with PKA pathway .
PED6 is a PLA2 substrate fluorescent probe (EX/EM=488/530 nm) that is a BODIFY-labeled fluorescent phosphatidylethanolamine analogue. PED6 can be used for detection of phospholipase A2 .
7-Hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate is a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) fluorogenic substrate. 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate can be used to monitor the enzymatic activity of cPLA2 .
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA). Phospholipase A2 is a member of the class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes, is often used in biochemical studies .
Choline tosylate is a nucleophilic compound that inhibits phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C. Choline tosylate inhibits tumor growth in mice by inhibiting the formation of diacylglycerol (DAG) .
BAPTA is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. BAPTA can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that can be produced by the combined action of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and phospholipase D2 (PLD2). Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol inhibits macrophage inflammatory mediator production in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4) activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) .
BAPTA tetrapotassium is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA tetrapotassium is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. BAPTA tetrapotassium can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is a substrate of many phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2. Cleavage of sn-2 fatty acids by PLA2 results in the production of free thiols, which react with chromogenic reagents such as DTNB (Ellman's reagent) and DTP, allowing quantification of PLA2 activity. Isozyme-specific cPLA2 activity can be measured by depleting or inhibiting sPLA2 and iPLA2 activity in the assay.
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA). Phospholipase A2 is a member of the class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes, is often used in biochemical studies .
Mastoparan X is a GTP-binding regulatory protein (G protein)-activating peptide, and a tetradecapeptide from wasp venom. Mastoparan X acts function by the direct activation of G protein that couple to phospholipase C to cause secretion from various kinds of cells .
sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor is a cyclic pentapeptide analog of FLSYK (cyclic 2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2)), that binds to hGIIA (human IIA phospholipase A2) and inhibits its hydrolytic ability. sPLA2 is a member of the esterase superfamily that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ester bond at the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids .
MARCKS Peptide(151-175), Phosphorylated is a phosphorylated peptide corresponding to the basic effector domain of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate protein (MARCKS). Phosphorylation of MARCKS Peptide (151-175) reverses its inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC)-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) .
Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways .
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate is an active compound from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. shows anti-inflammatory activity with evidence of inhibition for secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) through molecular docking .
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (L-alpha-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate), a phospholipid component of cell membranes, is a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and as a primary messenger .
5,7,3' -tri-O-Methyl (-)-epicatechin (Compound 13) is a phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) inhibitor. 5,7,3' -tri-o-methyl (-)-epicatechin has a methylene dioxy benzene ring and can express inhibitory activity against PLCγ1. 5,7,3' -tri-O-Methyl (-)-epicatechin can be used in the study of chemotherapy and chemopexic agents for cancer .
Vinaxanthone (SM-345431) is a potent and selective semaphorin3A, phospholipase C (PLC) and FabI inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.1-0.2 μM and 0.9 mM for semaphorin3A and FabI. Vinaxanthone inhibits the substrate (t-o-NAC thioester) and the cofactor (NADPH) with Kis of 3.1 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. Vinaxanthone can be used to handle infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens .
Rhamnetin is a quercetin derivative found in Coriandrum sativum, inhibits secretory phospholipase A2, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity .
Uralsaponin D is a saponin that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Uralsaponin D inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with an IC50 value of 32.2 μM .
trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant .
Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis .
The PLA2G1B protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets dietary phospholipids in the intestine. It hydrolyzes the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, preferentially hydrolyzing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. PLA2G1B Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G1B protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G1B Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 126 a.a., with molecular weight of 17-20 kDa.
The PLA2G1B protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets dietary phospholipids in the intestine. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol are preferred, which hydrolyze the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position. PLA2G1B Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G1B protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G1B Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 131 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.0 kDa.
The PLA2G7 protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that plays a key role in phospholipid catabolism during inflammation and oxidative stress responses. It acts at the lipid-water interface and hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, with particular preference for short-chain fatty acyl groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (Baculovirus, N-His, C-Myc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (Baculovirus, N-His, C-Myc) is 419 a.a., with molecular weight of 50.7 kDa.
The PLA2G7 protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that plays a key role in phospholipid catabolism during inflammation and oxidative stress responses. It acts at the lipid-water interface and hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, with particular preference for short-chain fatty acyl groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, N-His, C-Myc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, N-His, C-Myc) is 419 a.a., with molecular weight of 51.9 kDa.
PLA2G2D protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets extracellular lipids and has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. It hydrolyzes the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, preferentially hydrolyzing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. PLA2G2D Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G2D protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G2D Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is 124 a.a., with molecular weight of ~30.5 kDa.
The PLBD2 protein is a putative phospholipase that may participate in cellular processes by interacting with IGF2R. Although the function and mechanism of the enzyme are unclear, its association with IGF2R suggests involvement in the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor-related signaling pathway. PLBD2 Protein, Rat (His-SUMO) is the recombinant rat-derived PLBD2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of PLBD2 Protein, Rat (His-SUMO) is 550 a.a., with molecular weight of ~77.9 kDa.
PLA2G2A Protein, a phospholipase A2 enzyme, efficiently hydrolyzes phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols, contributing to lipid membrane remodeling and generating lipid mediators crucial for pathogen clearance. PLA2G2A Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G2A protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G2A Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is 125 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.3 kDa.
The PLA2G2A protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that selectively targets extracellular phospholipids and contributes to host antimicrobial defense, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. It has phospholipase A2 activity, which preferentially hydrolyzes fatty acyl groups, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. PLA2G2A Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G2A protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G2A Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 144 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19 kDa.
PLD4 Protein, with 5'->3' DNA exonuclease activity, efficiently digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). It crucially regulates inflammatory cytokine responses by degrading nucleic acids, reducing ssDNA concentrations activating TLR9. Additionally, PLD4 actively participates in the phagocytosis process of activated microglia, emphasizing its role in immune responses. PLD4 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLD4 protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLD4 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 446 a.a., with molecular weight of 60-80 kDa.
PLD4 Protein, a phospholipase, plays a crucial role in immune responses and inflammation. Dysregulation of PLD4 Protein has been associated with autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases. Targeting PLD4 Protein may provide potential therapeutic interventions in these conditions by modulating immune responses, suppressing inflammation, and managing related disorders. PLD4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLD4 protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLD4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 455 a.a., with molecular weight of 68-75 kDa.
PLD4 Protein, a phospholipase, plays a crucial role in immune responses and inflammation. Dysregulation of PLD4 Protein has been associated with autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases. Targeting PLD4 Protein may provide potential therapeutic interventions in these conditions by modulating immune responses, suppressing inflammation, and managing related disorders. PLD4 Protein, Human (HEK293, C-His) is the recombinant human-derived PLD4 protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-10*His labeled tag. The total length of PLD4 Protein, Human (HEK293, C-His) is 455 a.a., with molecular weight (glycosylation form) of 75-85 kDa.
The PLA2G1B protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets dietary phospholipids in the intestine. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol are preferred, which hydrolyze the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position. PLA2G1B Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G1B protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G1B Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is 124 a.a., with molecular weight of 48-50 kDa.
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) plays multifaceted roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. It acts as an effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses, downregulating early inflammation. Annexin A1/ANXA1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Annexin A1/ANXA1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Annexin A1/ANXA1 Protein, Mouse (His) is 345 a.a., with molecular weight of ~42.6 kDa.
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) plays multifaceted roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. It acts as an effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses, downregulating early inflammation. Annexin A1/ANXA1 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Annexin A1/ANXA1 protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Annexin A1/ANXA1 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is 345 a.a., with molecular weight of ~40.6 kDa.
Group XV phospholipase A2 (Pla2g15) exhibits dual calcium-dependent phospholipase and O-acyltransferase activities that contribute to glycerophospholipid homeostasis and acyl remodeling in acidic cellular compartments. Group XV phospholipase A2/Pla2g15, Mouse (His, myc) is the recombinant mouse-derived Group XV phospholipase A2/Pla2g15, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, C-Myc labeled tag. The total length of Group XV phospholipase A2/Pla2g15, Mouse (His, myc) is 379 a.a., with molecular weight of ~50.5 kDa.
The PLA2G2E protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets extracellular phospholipids. It hydrolyzes the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, releasing unsaturated fatty acids, especially lysophosphatidylethanolamine. PLA2G2E Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G2E protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G2E Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 123 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18 kDa.
PLA2G7 Protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 involved in phospholipid catabolism during inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. It is also a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of platelet-activating factor to biologically inactive products. PLA2G7 can hydrolyze phospholipids with long fatty acyl chains, only if they carry oxidized functional groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 420 a.a., with molecular weight of ~57 kDa.
PLA2G2D protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets extracellular lipids and has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. It hydrolyzes the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, preferentially hydrolyzing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. PLA2G2D Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G2D protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G2D Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is 125 a.a., with molecular weight of 40-50 kDa.
The PLBD2 protein is a putative phospholipase that interacts with IGF2R, suggesting a potential role in insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor-related signaling pathways. Although the enzymatic activity and functional role of PLBD2 remain to be characterized in detail, its association with IGF2R suggests involvement in cell signaling related to growth and development. PLBD2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLBD2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLBD2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 548 a.a., with molecular weight of ~80 & 45 & 32 kDa, respectively.
The PLA2G16 protein has dual functions, acting as a phospholipase to exert calcium-independent PLA1 and PLA2 activities, preferentially releasing fatty acids through PLA1. It also acts as an O-acyltransferase and N-acyltransferase, helping to form N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (the precursor of N-acylethanolamine). PLA2G16 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G16 Protein, Human (His) is 121 a.a., with molecular weight of 14-17 kDa.
In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 (SMPD2) protein plays a key role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, leading to the formation of ceramide and phosphocholine. Furthermore, SMPD2 exhibits its enzymatic activity by hydrolyzing 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (hemolytic platelet-activating factor) in vivo. SMPD2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived SMPD2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of SMPD2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 423 a.a., with molecular weight of 49.1 kDa.
The PLA2G7 protein is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that plays a key role in phospholipid catabolism during inflammation and oxidative stress responses. It acts at the lipid-water interface and hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, with particular preference for short-chain fatty acyl groups. PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (419a.a, HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G7 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His, C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PLA2G7 Protein, Mouse (419a.a, HEK293, His) is 419 a.a., with molecular weight of ~52-65 KDa.
PLBD2 Protein, a putative phospholipase, interacts with insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), suggesting involvement in growth and signaling pathways. Despite unknown details about its phospholipase activity, PLBD2's exploration may unveil insights into its role in cellular homeostasis and regulatory mechanisms. PLBD2 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLBD2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of PLBD2 Protein, Mouse (His) is 548 a.a., with molecular weight of ~65.9 kDa.
The PRDX6 protein is a thiol-specific peroxidase that plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress. It catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and various organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols. PRDX6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PRDX6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PRDX6 Protein, Human (His) is 224 a.a., with molecular weight of 30-33 kDa.
Phospholipase C gamma 1 Antibody is a non-conjugated and Rabbit origined monoclonal antibody about 149 kDa, targeting to Phospholipase C gamma 1. It can be used for WB,ICC,IP assays with tag free, in the background of Human.
Annexin A1 Antibody (YA832) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 39 kDa, targeting to Annexin A1 (5E4D8). It can be used for WB assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey.