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Aldose reductase-IN-2 (Compound 5f) is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR). Aldose reductase-IN-2 has antioxidation capacity. Aldose reductase-IN-2 is a promising anti-diabetic complications agent .
Aldose reductase-IN-3 (Compound 5) is a potent and moderately selective inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR) with an IC50 of 3.99 μM. Aldose reductase has recently emerged as a molecular target that is involved in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Aldose reductase-IN-3 has the potential for the research of sepsis .
Aldose reductase-IN-6 (Compound 3) is a competitive aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.164 μM and a Ki of 0.018 μM. Aldose reductase-IN-6 exhibits no cytotoxicity against healthy cells .
Aldose reductase-IN-4 (compund IIc) is an aldose reductase inhibitor with IC50s of 11.70 μM and 0.98 μM for aldehyde reductase 1 (ALR1) and ALR2, respectively .
Aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotases) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the α- and β-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. Aldose 1-epimerase is essential for normal carbohydrate metabolism and the production of complex oligosaccharides .
As an aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, the compound is used to enhance the combination of inhibitory excitability and antioxidant capacity to delay the progress of diabetes complications.
APPA is an aldose reductase inhibitor. APPA can effectively prevent apoptosis and the symptoms of Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced diabetes by inhibiting the polyol pathway in rats. APPA has the potential for diabetic nephropathy (DN) research .
Danshenol A, an abietane-type diterpenoid, is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Danshenol A can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS. Danshenol A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Danshenol A can be used for atherosclerosis research .
Danshenol B is a diterpenoid. Danshenol B has strong aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.042μM. Danshenol B can be used for the research of diabetic related complication resulted by metabolic abnormality, such as cataracts, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy .
Poliumoside, a caffeoylated phenylpropanoid glycoside, is isolated from Brandisia hancei stems and leaves. Poliumoside is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitor, with IC50s of 19.69 and 8.47 μM, respectively. Poliumoside also has antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity .
Fidarestat (SNK 860) is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, with IC50s of 26 nM, 33 μM, and 1.8 μM for aldose reductase, AKR1B10 and V301L AKR1B10, respectively; Fidarestat (SNK 860) has the potential to treat diabetic disease.
Alrestatin is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus, including diabetic neuropathy.
Alrestatin sodium is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus, including diabetic neuropathy.
Zenarestat is a potent and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor. Zenarestat improves diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats .
(Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM .
Zopolrestat (CP73850) is a potent, orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 nM. Zopolrestat is used for the research of diabetic complications .
Sorbinil is an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) that prevents the accumulation of sorbitol in cells or animals. Sorbinil is useful in studying diabetes and diabetic complications, reducing AR activity and inhibiting the polyol pathway.
β-Glucogallin is a potent and selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor. β-Glucogallin can be isolated from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis .
Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is isolated from A. iwayomogi, AR and AGE formation inhibitor, demonstrates biological activities against Aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) .
Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC50 of 24.7 μM.
Ganoderic acid Df is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, that can be isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Df potently inhibits aldose reductase, with an IC50 of 22.8 ± 0.6 μM .
Govorestat (AT-007) is an orally active brain-penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 100 pM. Govorestat has the potential for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency research .
Exisulind is an inactive metabolite of the nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent sulindac . Exisulind inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 367 nM in vitro and may contribute to the beneficial pharmacological effects of sulindac on type 2 diabetic complications .
Lidorestat (IDD-676) is a potent, selective and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. Lidorestat can be used for chronic diabetes complications. Lidorestat also improves nerve conduction and reduces cataract formation .
WJ-39 is an orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor. WJ-39 improves tubular damage in diabetic nephropathy rats by activating PINK1/Parkin signaling, promoting mitophagy, and attenuating apoptosis .
Groenlandicine is a protoberberine alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma. Groenlandicine exhibits moderate inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 154.2 μM for human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR) . Groenlandicine selectively induces topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage .
ALR2-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (ALR2), with IC50s of 22 nM and 116 nM for rat ALR2 and ALR1, respectively. ALR2-IN-2 can be used for the research of diabetic complications .
ALR2-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (ALR2), with IC50s of 27 nM and 228 nM for rat ALR2 and ALR1, respectively. ALR2-IN-2 can be used for the research of diabetic complications .
Ganoderic acid C2 is a bioactive triterpenoid in Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid C2 possesses the potential anti-tumor bioactivity, antihistamine, anti-aging and cytotoxic effects. Ganoderic acid C2 exhibits high inhibitory activity against the rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 3.8 µM .
Calceolarioside B is a natural product isolated from Akebia quinata leaves. Calceolarioside B exhibits significant inhibitory activity against rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 23.99 μM. Calceolarioside B displays inhibitory effect on DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 94.60 μM .
Ponalrestat (ICI 128436) is an orally active, selective and noncompetitive aldose reductase (AKR1B1; ALR) inhibitor. Ponalrestat selectively inhibits ALR2 (Ki=7.7 nM) over ALR1 (Ki=60 μM). Ponalrestat inhibits the conversion of glucose to sorbitol .
ALR1/2-IN-1 (Compound 6e) is an aldehyde reductase (ALR1) and aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.26 μM and 3.06 μM against ALR1 and ALR2, respectively. ALR1/2-IN-1 shows anticancer activity .
6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALR2. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid inhibits ALR2, SDH andALR1 with IC50s of 9.6, 288 and 66.3 μM, respectively. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid clearly suppresses galactitol accumulation .
Ranirestat (AS-3201) potent and orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with IC50s of 11 nM and 15 nM for rat lens AR and recombinant human AR, respectively, and a Ki of 0.38 nM for recombinant human AR. Ranirestat has the potential for diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy treatment. Ranirestat also has a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinas .
6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an flavonoid isolated from Artemisia iwayomogi. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an inhibitor on aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation activities with IC50 values of 30.29 μM and 134.88 μM, respectively. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) has potential as an anti-diabetic complications agent .
Dehydroglyasperin D inhibits rat and human Aldose Reductase (AR) (IC50: 62.4 μM and 176.2 μM respectively). Dehydroglyasperin D has anti-obesity, antioxidant effects. Dehydroglyasperin D shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signaling pathway. Dehydroglyasperin D also inhibits melanin synthesis. Dehydroglyasperin D is a prenylated flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensi .
D-Glucal is an organic compound belonging to the family of aldoses, which are monosaccharides containing an aldehyde functional group. It has a six-carbon structure and is derived from glucose by oxidation of the primary alcohol group at carbon 1 to an aldehyde group. D-Glucal is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a sweet taste. It is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis of a wide variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. D-Glucal can be converted into other carbohydrate derivatives such as glycosides, glycoconjugates and amino sugars. It also plays a role in the study of carbohydrate chemistry, where it is used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of complex structures.
PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1), with IC50s of 0.06 μM and 4.3 μM, respectively. PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 also inhibits TC-PTP with an IC50 value of 9 μM. PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 serves as an insulin-mimetic agent in murine myoblasts, and reduces AKR1B1-dependent sorbitol accumulation. PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 inhibits development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to control blood glucose levels .
6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALR2. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid inhibits ALR2, SDH andALR1 with IC50s of 9.6, 288 and 66.3 μM, respectively. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid clearly suppresses galactitol accumulation .
D-Glucal is an organic compound belonging to the family of aldoses, which are monosaccharides containing an aldehyde functional group. It has a six-carbon structure and is derived from glucose by oxidation of the primary alcohol group at carbon 1 to an aldehyde group. D-Glucal is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a sweet taste. It is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis of a wide variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. D-Glucal can be converted into other carbohydrate derivatives such as glycosides, glycoconjugates and amino sugars. It also plays a role in the study of carbohydrate chemistry, where it is used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of complex structures.
D-Mannose isomerase (PsMaSeAF) is a carbohydrate isomerase catalyzing the reversible isomerization of d-mannose to d-fructose. D-Mannose isomerase (PsMaSeAF) belongs to the N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE) superfamily along with AGE, cellobiose 2-epimerase (CE), and aldose-ketose isomerase (AKI) .
Aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotases) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the α- and β-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. Aldose 1-epimerase is essential for normal carbohydrate metabolism and the production of complex oligosaccharides .
Danshenol A, an abietane-type diterpenoid, is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Danshenol A can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS. Danshenol A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Danshenol A can be used for atherosclerosis research .
Danshenol B is a diterpenoid. Danshenol B has strong aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.042μM. Danshenol B can be used for the research of diabetic related complication resulted by metabolic abnormality, such as cataracts, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy .
Poliumoside, a caffeoylated phenylpropanoid glycoside, is isolated from Brandisia hancei stems and leaves. Poliumoside is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitor, with IC50s of 19.69 and 8.47 μM, respectively. Poliumoside also has antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity .
(Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM .
β-Glucogallin is a potent and selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor. β-Glucogallin can be isolated from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis .
Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is isolated from A. iwayomogi, AR and AGE formation inhibitor, demonstrates biological activities against Aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) .
Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC50 of 24.7 μM.
Ganoderic acid Df is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, that can be isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Df potently inhibits aldose reductase, with an IC50 of 22.8 ± 0.6 μM .
Groenlandicine is a protoberberine alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma. Groenlandicine exhibits moderate inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 154.2 μM for human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR) . Groenlandicine selectively induces topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage .
Ganoderic acid C2 is a bioactive triterpenoid in Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid C2 possesses the potential anti-tumor bioactivity, antihistamine, anti-aging and cytotoxic effects. Ganoderic acid C2 exhibits high inhibitory activity against the rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 3.8 µM .
Calceolarioside B is a natural product isolated from Akebia quinata leaves. Calceolarioside B exhibits significant inhibitory activity against rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 23.99 μM. Calceolarioside B displays inhibitory effect on DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 94.60 μM .
6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an flavonoid isolated from Artemisia iwayomogi. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an inhibitor on aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation activities with IC50 values of 30.29 μM and 134.88 μM, respectively. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) has potential as an anti-diabetic complications agent .
Dehydroglyasperin D inhibits rat and human Aldose Reductase (AR) (IC50: 62.4 μM and 176.2 μM respectively). Dehydroglyasperin D has anti-obesity, antioxidant effects. Dehydroglyasperin D shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signaling pathway. Dehydroglyasperin D also inhibits melanin synthesis. Dehydroglyasperin D is a prenylated flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensi .
Aldose 1-epimerase/GALM Protein, Human (His) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the alpha- and beta-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose.
AKR1B10; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10; ARL-1; aldose reductase-like; aldose reductase-related protein; ARP; hARP; Small intestine reductase; SI reductase
The Aldose-reductase protein reduces carbonyl-containing compounds to alcohols, including retinals. It detoxifies unsaturated carbonyls like crotonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but lacks reductase activity towards glucose. Aldose-reductase Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived Aldose-reductase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Aldose-reductase Protein, Human is 316 a.a., .
AKR1B10; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10; ARL-1; aldose reductase-like; aldose reductase-related protein; ARP; hARP; Small intestine reductase; SI reductase
The Aldose-reductase protein reduces carbonyl-containing compounds to alcohols, including retinals. It detoxifies unsaturated carbonyls like crotonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but lacks reductase activity towards glucose. Aldose-reductase Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Aldose-reductase protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Aldose-reductase Protein, Human (His) is 316 a.a., .
The GRE3 protein is an aldose reductase that reduces the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to acetol and (R)-lactaldehyde, especially under stress conditions. MG is synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is involved in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation. GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the recombinant GRE3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 327 a.a., .
The GRE3 protein is an aldose reductase that reduces the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to acetol and (R)-lactaldehyde, especially under stress conditions. MG is synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is involved in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation. GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (His) is the recombinant GRE3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (His) is 327 a.a., .