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Ergosterol peroxide is a steroid derivative and can be isolated from a variety of fungi, yeast, lichens or sponges. Ergosterol peroxide has anti-tumour, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mycobacterial, and anti-proliferative activities .
MitoPerOx is a fluorescent ratio-probe of lipid peroxidation. MitoPerOx can be taken up very rapidly into mitochondria within cells, thereby responding to changes in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation .
Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside (compound 8) is an antioxidant agent that canbe found in Hemerocallis fulva. Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside shows strong lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities .
DEANO sodium is notric oxide donor. DEANO sodium potentiates the abilitv of hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase to induce lipid peroxidation as well as DNA single- and double-strand breaks .
(2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress .
Phyllostadimer A is an antioxidant. Phyllostadimer A can be isolated from Bamboo. Phyllostadimer A inhibits lipid peroxidation. Phyllostadimer A has potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 15 mM .
3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid is used in conjunction with Ampyrone (HY-B1398) (4-AAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for chromogenic quantification of peroxidase in coupled enzymatic reactions. 3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid is used to measure hydrogen peroxide production in conjunction with peroxidase .
Celaphanol A is a diterpene that can be isolated from the root bark of Celastrus orbiculatus. Celaphanol A shows neuroprotective effect against a hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells .
Dapagliflozin impurity A (Compound A) is a dapagliflozin peroxide, a genotoxic impurity, can cause damage to human genetic material at very low concentrations, leading to genetic mutations and possibly tumorigenesis .
Phenazoviridin is a free radical scavenger. Phenazoviridin shows strong inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate and exhibits antihypoxic activity in mice .
Methyl linolenate is a polyunsaturated fattly acid (PUFA). Methyl linolenate has an anti-melanogenesis activity with an IC50 of 60 μM. Methyl linolenate can also be used for studies of the mechanisms and prevention of oxidation/peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids .
6"-O-Acetylgenistin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. 6"-O-Acetylgenistin significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome with an IC50 of 10.6 μM .
6"-O-Acetyldaidzin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. 6"-O-Acetyldaidzin significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome with an IC50 of 8.2 μM .
QD394 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that can induce lipid peroxidation, increase intracellular ROS accumulation, inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, and induce ferroptosis .
Rucosopasem manganese (GC4711) is a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Rucosopasem manganese can be used for the research of cancer .
10-Methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl)acridinium fluorosulfonate, a phenyl ester of acridinium esters, is a fluorescent dye that produces chemiluminescent under neutral conditions. 10-Methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl)acridinium fluorosulfonate can be used for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide .
FINO2 is a potent ferroptosis inducer. FINO2 inhibits GPX4 activity. FINO2 is a stable oxidant that oxidizes ferrous iron and stable at varying pH levels. FINO2 causes widespread lipid peroxidation .
Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) is a fluoregenic peroxide reactive probe. Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine exhibits a unique phototriggered aggregation-induced emission (AIE)/aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) transition with a remarkable third-order nonlinear optical signal change .
Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 4-nitrophenylhydrazone (PCNPH) is a chromogenic substrate to peroxidase enzymes. Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 4-nitrophenylhydrazone can form a purple indamine dye with peroxidase enzymes and peroxides .
Diallyl tetrasulfide is an orally active diallyl polysulfide that can be isolated from garlic. Diallyl tetrasulfide has high activities to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Diallyl tetrasulfide possesses cytoprotective and antioxidant activities against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity .
BODIQPy-TPA is a lipophilic probes, which induces ferroptosis in B16 and HepG2 cells upon light irradiation through lipid peroxidation. BODIQPy-TPA reveals a maximum absorption wavelength of 488 nm and a maximum emission wavelength above 640 nm .
7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and is formed by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation .
LPd peroxida probe, a marker of ferroptosis, is a useful fluorescent probe for investigating the roles of lipid peroxidation in a variety of cell pathophysiologies. LPd peroxida probe reduces lipid hydroperoxides to lipid alcohols and is used for imaging lipid hydroperoxides in living cells .
5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (9,11-Dehydroergosterol peroxide), an important steroid from medicinal mushroom, exerts antitumor activity in several tumor types. 5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol inhibits HT29 cell growth by inducing CDKN1A expression, thus causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .
(±)20-HDHA ((±)20-HDoHE) is a racemic mixture and is an autoxidation product of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). (±)20-HDHA is also formed by peroxidation process in human platelets and rat brain homogenate .
5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders .
DHODH-IN-26 (compound B2) is a mitochondria-targeting DHODH inhibitor. DHODH-IN-26 shows anticancer activity, triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promots mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and induces ferroptosis .
Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
Uric acid sodium (Monosodium urate), scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid sodium can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
BODIPY 581/591 C11 is a BODIPY borofluoroprene derivative with good light stability and low fluorescence artifacts. BODIPY 581/591 C11 can be used for study lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties in living cells, or detect ferroptosis by reaction with hydroxyl radicals. BODIPY 581/591 C11 is emitted at 591 nm (reduced prototype), or redshifted to 510 nm (oxidized type). The excitation wavelengths were 581 nm (reduced prototype) and 500 nm (oxidized type) .
Superoxide dismutase, Porcine erythrocytes (SOD) is the only antioxidant enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion by converting this free radical to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thus preventing peroxynitrite production and further damage. Superoxide dismutase, Porcine erythrocytes is extensively researched and used in anti-inflammatory, antitumor, radiation protection, and antisenility applications .
Sclerotiorin is a reversible and uncompetitive inhibitor against soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) (IC50: 4.2 μM). Sclerotiorin also shows antioxidant activity by scavenging free radical (ED50: 0.12 μM), and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Sclerotiorin has antifungal activity, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. Sclerotiorin can be purified from the fermented broth of Penicillium frequentans .
Avasopasem manganese (GC4419; M-40419) is a potent superoxide dismutase mimetic that rapidly and specifically converts O2*- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), arresting the initiation of this cascade. Avasopasem manganese can be used for the research of severe oral mucositis (SOM) and cancer .
Pyridoxatin is a free radical scavenger of microbial origin. Pyridoxatin is isolated from a fungus culture identified as Acremonium sp. BX86. Pyridoxatin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals in rat liver microsomes free from vitamin E .
Carvedilol phosphate hemihydrate (BM 14190 phosphate hemihydrate) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker . Carvedilol phosphate hemihydrate inhibits lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol phosphate hemihydrate is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure . Carvedilol phosphate hemihydrate is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome .
Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker . Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure . Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome .
MAO-B-IN-18 is a potent and selective MAO B inhibitor with IC50s of 52 nM and 14 μM for hMAO B and hMAO A, respectively. MAO-B-IN-18 enables promising cytoprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide insults in neuroblastoma and astrocytes cultures .
21-Acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11),16-tetraene-3,20-dione is an intermediate of delta 9,11 steroids synthesis, for example, Vamorolone (HY-109017). The delta 9,11 steroids are modifications of glucocorticoids and has anti-inflammatory properties. The delta 9,11 steroids are agents for protection against cell damage (lipid peroxidation) and inhibition of neovascularization .
MPO-IN-5 (compound 1) is a potent, irreversible MPO (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor. MPO-IN-5 inhibits MPOperoxidation and hERG binding, with IC50 values of 0.22 and 2.8 μM, respectively. MPO-IN-5 shows rapid kinetics of inhibition, with enzyme inactivation rate (kinact/Ki) of 23000 M −1s −1 .
MitoB bromide is an exomarker of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. MitoB bromide is a mitochondria-targeted ratiometric probe, and can be used to measure levels of one major ROS, hydrogen peroxide, within living animals .
KS106 is a potent ALDH inhibitor with IC50s of 334, 2137, 360 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1, respectively. KS106 shows antiproliferative and anticancer effects with low low toxic.KS106 significantly increases ROS activity, lipid peroxidation and toxic aldehyde accumulation. KS106 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase .
KS100 is a potent ALDH inhibitor with IC50s of 230, 1542, 193 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1, respectively. KS100 shows antiproliferative and anticancer effects with low low toxic. KS100 significantly increases ROS activity, lipid peroxidation and toxic aldehyde accumulation. KS10600 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase .
Chalcones A-N-5 is a trihydroxy chalcone derivative compound. Chalcones A-N-5 doesn’t show cytotoxicity at the concentration lower than 100 µM (with IC50 > 1 mM), but has a significant effect on promoting cell proliferation. Chalcones A-N-5 potentially promotes neuronal cell growth in the damaged brain tissue. Chalcones A-N-5 also inhibits ferroptosis induced by RSL or erastin and reduces the lipid peroxidation levels induced by Aβ1-42 protein aggregation. Chalcones A-N-5 is a promising molecular skeleton candidate for further development of lead compound for in vivo test to research AD .
7α-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is the deuterium labeled 7α-Hydroxycholesterol. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and is formed by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].
Chloride peroxidase is a monomeric, heme-containing enzyme. Chloride peroxidase is capable of electrophilic chlorinations through the umpolung of chloride by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide .
Uric acid- 13C, 15N3 is the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation[1][2].
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects .
CuATSM is a highly potent radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) and inhibitor of (phospho)lipid peroxidation, thereby accounting for its (their) ability to inhibit ferroptosis.
2-Phenyl 2-propanol is an important intermediate for the synthesis of diisopropylbenzene peroxide, often used as an additive to fragrances and cosmetics .
Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px; EC 1.11.1.9) belongs to the peroxidase family and is commonly used in biochemical research. Glutathione Peroxidase can catalyze reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a disulfide bridge with another glutathione molecule, convert it into oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and react with hydrogen peroxide or lipid peroxide reaction, reducing it to H2O. Glutathione Peroxidase is an effective antioxidant against oxidative stress .
NucPE1 (Nuclear Peroxy Emerald 1) is a nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide that is specifically localized to cellular nuclei without appended targeting moieties.
Anhydroglycinol is a phenolic compound that can be isolated from Lespedeza homoloba. Anhydroglycinol has strong antioxidative and antiallergic activity against lipid peroxidation in the rat .
Lamiide, an orally active iridoid compound, can be found in Bouchea fluminensis leaves. Lamiide exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-lipoperoxidative activity .
Tyrosinase-IN-26 (compound 13) is a uncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor with the an IC50 value of 68.86 µM. Tyrosinase-IN-26 can suppresses melanogenesis .
DMNQ is a redox cycling agent. DMNQ produces hydrogen peroxide in cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DMNQ can induce the increase of ROS production .
DHBS is Used in conjunction with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for chromogenic quantitation of peroxidase in coupled enzymatic reactions.
Eugenol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Eugenol. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Salicylcurcumin is a synthetic curcumin analogue with antioxidant activity. Salicylcurcumin may affect lipid peroxidation in fish, favoring increased survival, disease resistance, and ultimately growth rate .
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d5 is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects[1][2].
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d5-1 is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects[1][2][3].
PRDX3(103-112), human is a marker for ferroptosis. PRDX3 is hyperoxidated by mitochondrial lipid peroxides. PRDX3 inhibits cystine uptake after hyperoxidization .
β-Naphthoflavone is a non-carcinogenic AhR agonist as a positive control for the induction of AhR transcriptional activity . β-Naphthoflavone inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis .
Dicamba is a herbicide with high water solubility and low volatility. Dicamba induces tissue damage and cell death in Gallium aparine L. through lipid peroxidation. Dicamba is widely used in agriculture and horticulture .
Adaptaquin is an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HIF-PHD2), with an IC50 of 2 μM. Adaptaquin can inhibit lipid peroxidation and maintain mitochondrial function .
Lactate oxidase (EC 1.13.12.4) belongs to a group of FMN-dependent enzymes and they catalyze a conversion of lactate to pyruvate with a release of hydrogen peroxide. Lactate oxidase can be used in the detection of Lactate .
Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction .
Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current .
Caffeoyltryptophan is a competitive PTP1B inhibitor, with an IC50 of 16.99 μM. Caffeoyltryptophan can also inhibit α-glucosidase, linoleic acid peroxidation and haemolysis. Caffeoyltryptophan can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
2-hydroxychalcone, a natural flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 2-Hydroxychalcone induces apoptosis by Bcl-2 downregulation. 2-Hydroxychalcone inhibits the activation of NF-kB .
Kadsurin, a natural compound from the stems of Kadsura heteroclita (Schizandraceae), results in significant decreases of CCL4- induced lipid-peroxidation products, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), conjugated dienes and fluorescent products in the liver of mice .
Macranthoin G is an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ or hydrogen peroxide in neuronal cells by downregulating p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G can used in study Alzheimer’s Disease .
SP4e is an activator of PPAR-γ, with the EC50 of 739 nM in HK-2 cells. SP4e reduces the blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation, and increases glutathione levels and catalase activityin the Swiss albino mice .
SP4f is an activator ofPPAR-γ, with the EC50 of 826 nM in HK-2 cells. SP4f reduces the blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation, and increases glutathione levels and catalase activityin the Swiss albino mice .
N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-induced DNA oxidation product, used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues .
Nitecapone (OR-462) is an orally active and short-acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with gastroprotective and antioxidant properties. Nitecapone (OR-462) scavenges reactive oxygen and nitric radicals and prevents lipid peroxidation .
Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside is a flavonoid compound. Isorhamnetin shows a protective effect against lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2. Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside also inhibits the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals .
4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality .
Cytochrome P450 is a family of monooxygenase enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids to terminal alkenes using hydrogen peroxide as a cosubstrate. Cytochrome P450 as membrane-bound hemoproteins, plays important roles in the detoxification of drugs, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis .
PAD-IN-2 is a potent pad4 inhibitor (IC50: <1 μM). PAD-IN-2 can be used in the research of auto-immune diseases and cancers, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, cutaneous lupus erythematosis, ulcerative colitis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis .
BCP-T.A, a tunable heterocyclic electrophile, is a potent ferroptosis inducer by binding to GPX4 . BCP-T.A is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(±)9-HpODE is a long chain lipid hydroperoxide, is a product of linoleic acid peroxidation. (±)9-HpODE can induce oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). (±)9-HpODE also exhibits antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens .
Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect .
Uric acid- 13C3 is 13C-labeled Uric acid (HY-B2130). Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in the human body. Uric acid can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibit lipid peroxidation.
(±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases .
Methyl linolenate- 13C18 is the 13C labeled Methyl linolenate[1]. Methyl linolenate is a polyunsaturated fattly acid (PUFA). It is used in studies on the mechanisms and prevention of oxidation/peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids[2][3]. The IC50 is 60 uM[4].
Carazostatin (DC118), an antioxidant, can be isolated from Streptomycs chromofuscus. Carazostatin (DC118) exhibits strong inhibitory activity against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and shows stronger antioxidant activity in liposomal membranes than α-tocopherol (VE) .
Chalcone dibromide is a useful synthon in the synthesis of a large number of bioactive molecules such as pyrazolines, hydroxy pyrazolines, isoxazoles etc. Chalcone dibromide possesses antioxidant effects against tumor cells by inhibiting superoxide production and lipid peroxidation. Chalcone dibromide can be used for cancer disease research .
NCX4040 (NO-Aspirin), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a nitric oxide (NO) releasing form of Aspirin. NCX4040 induces apoptosis in PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cells. NCX4040 has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects .
Sesaminol, isolated from Sesamum indicum, has antioxidative activity, Sesaminol inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesaminol potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression .
4-Ethylresorcinol, a derivative of resorcinol, can act as substrates of tyrosinase. 4-Ethylresorcinol possess hypopigmentary effects. 4-Ethylresorcinol attenuates mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and possessed antioxidative effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
Galactose Oxidase, Dactylium dendroides (GOase) from fungus is often used in biochemical studies. Galactose oxidase is a type II copper metalloenzyme, and it containing a single polypeptide. Galactose oxidase catalyzes two-electron oxidation of primary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes, coupling with the reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide .
Glyurallin B is a flavonoid, that can be isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Glyurallin B shows ABTS + radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation, with EC50 values of 11.9 ± 0.58 μM and 15.3 ± 1.26 μM, respectivley .
Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone), a naturally occurring flavonoid with remarkable ‘two color’ intrinsic fluorescence properties, has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation .
9S-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is an octadecadienoic acid and the main active derivative of linoleic acid, which can reduce the viability of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. 9S-HODE is rich in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and is almost an ideal marker for LPO .
Uric acid- 15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid . Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
TATP hapten is a hapten made from acetone, hydrogen peroxide, and 7-oxo octanoic acid. TATP hapten coupled with bovine serum albumin can raise an immune response against TATP. TATP hapten can coupled directly to BSA and HRP via N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry to produce haptenated proteins .
Tirilazad is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
4-Methyldaphnetin is a precursor in the synthesis of derivatives of 4-methyl coumarin. 4-Methyldaphnetin has potent, selective anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on several cancer cell lines. 4-Methyldaphnetin possesses radical scavenging property and strongly inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation .
Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy .
Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) is an enzyme composed of different polypeptides. Monoamine oxidation catalyzes the oxidative deamination of various biological amines in brain and peripheral tissues by producing hydrogen peroxide. Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in maintaining the regulation of synaptic transmission, emotional behavior and other brain functions .
3-Hydroxyxanthone (3-Hydroxy-xanthen-9-one) is a xanthone compound, with . 3-Hydroxyxanthone inhibits NADPH-catalysed lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 3-Hydroxyxanthone also inhibits TNF-alpha induced ICAM-1 expression .
viFSP1 is a species-independent inhibitor of FSP1 that induces ferroptosis in FSP1-dependent cells. viFSP1 targets the highly conserved NAD(P)H binding pocket of FSP1 and directly inhibits FSP1. viFSP1 induces lipid peroxidation and has anticancer activity .
The Boehringer Mannheim cholesterol esterase/cholesterol oxidase/peroxidase/3,4-dichlorophenol kinetic reagent was modified by the inclusion of TBHBA (2,4,6-Tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid) which reacts with hydrogen peroxide and 4-aminophenazone to produce a quinone-imine dye with a greater molar absorptivity than that produced with phenol.
Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad mesylate can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad mesylate has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
Argininosuccinic acid disodium participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle and is cleaved into arginine and fumarate by argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid disodium reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and increases reactive oxygen species production in the cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid disodium causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and also induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Glucose oxidase is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Glucose oxidase can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation .
Indole-2-carboxylic acid- 13C is the 13C-labeled Indole-2-carboxylic acid. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current[1][2].
U-74389G (PNU74389G meleate) is an antioxidant, can inhibit lipid peroxidation reactions. U-74389G can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury and be widely used in animal models of ischemic injury and hypertension. U-74389G shows anti-inflammatory activity .
Tirilazad mesylate hydrate is the hydrate form of Tirilazad mesylate (HY-122070). Tirilazad mesylate is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad mesylate can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad mesylate has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal is an oxygenated α,β-unsaturated aldehyde found in mammalian blood that gives blood its characteristic metallic odor. It is used by predators to locate blood or prey .
QPy-TPA is a lipopjilc probes, which induces non-ferroptotic cell death and lipid dynamic regularion in B16 and HepG2 cells upon light irradiation. QPy-TPA reveals a maximum absorption wavelength of 400 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 590 nm .
1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) has been developed as a selective probe for the detection and quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in samples containing different reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). DPBF is a fluorescent probe which, for almost 20 years, was believed to react in a highly specific manner toward some reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxy, alkyloxy or alkylperoxy radicals .
Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways .
Xylene Cyanol FF is an acid triphenylmethane dye. Xylene Cyanol FF can be used for histochemical staining of hemoglobin peroxidase or as a tracking dye for DNA sequencing in electrophoresis. Xylene Cyanol FF will be catalyzed by Fe and Al to accelerate oxidation under the addition of double oxidant hydrogen peroxide and potassium periodate. Xylene Cyanol FF thus enables the spectrophotometric determination of Fe and Al in the solution to be tested .
VK-28, a brain-permeable iron chelator, inhibits both basal and Fe/ascorbate-induced mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation, with an IC50 of 12.7 μM. VK-28 exhibits significant neuroprotective effects on ICV-6-OHDA. VK-28 can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases .
15-LOX-1 inhibitor 1 is a potent inhibitor of 15-LOX-1 (15-lipoxygenase-1) with an IC50 value of 0.19 μM. 15-LOX-1 inhibitor 1 protects macrophages from lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity. 15-LOX-1 inhibitor 1 inhibits NO formation and lipid peroxidation .
8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI is a F2-isoprostanes. 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI is a sensitive and specific marker of in vivo lipid peroxidation. 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI can be used as a biomarker of oxidative damage in alzheimer's disease .
Lepadin H is a marine alkaloid and ferroptosis inducer. Lepadin H exhibits significant cytotoxicity, promotes p53 expression, increases ROS production and lipid peroxidation, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and upregulates ACSL4 expression. Lepadin H induces ferroptosis through the p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway .
Argininosuccinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Argininosuccinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Carvedilol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].
Carvedilol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].
Carvedilol-d5 is deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].
3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearat is a non-volatile compound. 3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearat can be isolated from less polar fractions of the brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh. This part of the substance has a good ability to scavenge free radicals and has a protective effect on the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in zebrafish embryos .
PROTAC GPX4 degrader-2 (compound 18a) is a proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that can degrade glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), with the DC50, 48h value of 1.68 μM. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-2 induces the accumulation of lipid peroxides and mitochondrial depolarization, subsequently triggering ferroptosis. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-2 has anti-proliferative effect .
Carvedilol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carvedilol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker . Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure . Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome .
Gibberellic Acid is named after the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellic Acid regulates processes in plant development and growth, including seed development and germination, stem and root growth, cell division, and flowering time. Gibberellic Acid also improves plant response to growth stress caused by various environmental stresses, such as cold stress, drought stress, heavy metal stress, etc. Gibberellic Acid also causes increased lipid peroxidation and fluctuations in the antioxidant defense system in rats .
Lepadin E is a significantly cytotoxic ferroptosis inducer that induces iron death through the classical p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. Lepadin E promoted p53 expression, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and leads to increased ROS and lipid peroxide production, and upregulated ACSL4 expression, thus causes cell death. Lepadin E has significant antitumor effect .
(E)-Ferulic acid is an isomer of ferulic acid, an aromatic compound abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes phosphorylation of β-catenin (β-catenin), leading to proteasome degradation, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and reducing pro-apoptotic factor Expression of the survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid can effectively remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts antiproliferative and antimigratory effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299.
8-iso Prostaglandin F2α-d9 is the deuterium labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Ferrichrome is a hydroxamate siderophore produced by various fungi, including U. sphaerogena, that facilitates iron chelation and uptake by these organisms. It can be used as a heterosiderophore by bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ferrichrome (0.8 μM) inhibits concanavalin A-induced proliferation of mouse spleen monocytes and reduces the number of concanavalin A-stimulated CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 receptor. It also inhibits the heme-catalyzed oxidation of LDL by hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner.
(E)-Ajoene is a oxygenated ajoene and organosulfur compound, which can be acquired via allicin decomposing. The polysulfides from garlic can be converted by human red blood cells into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and allyl glutathione. (E)-Ajoene has been proved to show neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. (E)-Ajoene is orally active to inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ajoene increases the number of cresyl violet-positive neurons and decreases the number of reactive gliosis in the CA1 region .
Anticancer agent 154 (Compound 8h) increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and leads to mitochondrial damage. Anticancer agent 154 induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Anticancer agent 154 also induces ferroptosis by reducing the GSH level and GPX4 expression and increasing the lipid peroxidation level. Anticancer agent 154 inhibits cancer cell (HT29, H1975, A549, and MCF-7) proliferation with IC50s of 1.0-1.9 μM .
Tyramide Amplification Buffer is a ready-to-use buffer primarily intended for immunostaining of cells and tissues by the technique of tyramide signal amplification (TSA). TSA Technology is based on a tyrosinase labeling system that reacts a tyrosine-labeled antibody with a fluorescently labeled tyramide using peroxidase to form a highly amplified fluorescent signal. For example, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can catalyze the reaction of tyrosine and hydrogen peroxide under milder conditions to generate epoxy groups. Epoxy groups promote the binding of tyramide to adjacent amino acids to form fluorescently labeled products .
Gibberellic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gibberellic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gibberellic Acid is named after the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellic Acid regulates processes in plant development and growth, including seed development and germination, stem and root growth, cell division, and flowering time. Gibberellic Acid also improves plant response to growth stress caused by various environmental stresses, such as cold stress, drought stress, heavy metal stress, etc. Gibberellic Acid also causes increased lipid peroxidation and fluctuations in the antioxidant defense system in rats .
HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively .
Porphyra 334 is an antioxidative and anti-photoaging agent. Porphyra 334 suppresses ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation .
Dihydroethidium, also known as DHE, is a peroxide indicator. Dihydroethidium penetrates cell membranes to form a fluorescent protein complex with blue fluoresces. After entering the cells, Dihydroethidium is mainly localized in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the staining effect is the strongest in the nucleus. Dihydroethidium produces inherent blue fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 420 nm; after dehydrogenation, Dihydroethidium combines with RNA or DNA to produce red fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 300 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm. 535 nm can also be used as the excitation wavelength for actual observation .
Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide is a natural flavone glycoside that can be extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide has antioxidant activity. Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide inhibits FeSO4-Cys-induced lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate. Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide also shows strong cytoprotective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells .
(E)-Ferulic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled (E)-Ferulic acid. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1].
Leucettine L41 is a potent inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), DYRK2, CDC-like kinase 1 (CLK1), and CLK3 (IC50s = 0.04, 0.035, 0.015, and 4.5 µM, respectively) . Leucettine L41 prevents lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Aβ25-35 in the hippocampus in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease-like toxicity. Leucettine L41 also prevents memory deficits induced by Aβ25-35 in the same model .
T-2 Toxin- 13C24 (T-2 Mycotoxin- 13C24) is 13C-labeled T-2 Toxin (HY-N6792). T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a toxic trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species in feedstuffs and cereal grains. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, interferes with the metabolism of membrane phospholipids, and increases the level of liver lipid peroxides. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) induces apoptosis in the immune system, gastrointestinal tissues, and fetal tissues .
HIF-1/2α-IN-2 is an inhibitor of HIF-1/2α. HIF-1/2α-IN-2 decrease HIF-1/2α levels and induces iron starvation response by targeting Iron Sulfur Cluster Assembly 2 (ISCA2) .
Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation .
1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran, isolated from the edible mushroom Sarcodon leucopus, has antioxidant effects in the DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 of 28 μM, inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) with the IC50 of 71 μM, and inhibits α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 6.22 μM .
T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a toxic trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species in feedstuffs and cereal grains, LD50 values of T-2 Toxin in mice and rats are 5.2 and 1.5 mg/kg BW a,respectively . T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) can be transformed into a variety of metabolite, the typical metabolites of T-2 toxin in animals are HT-2 toxin and T-2-triol, which are hydrolysates . T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis resulting from binding peptidyltransferase, which is an integral part of the 60s ribosomal subunit. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, interferes with the metabolism of membrane phospholipids, and increases the level of liver lipid peroxides . T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) induces apoptosis in the immune system, gastrointestinal tissues, and fetal tissues .
Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death program that is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. It is dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is characterized by lipid peroxidation. As a novel type of cell death, ferroptosis has distinct properties and recognizing functions involved in physical conditions or various diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, acute renal failure, etc.
MCE carefully collected a unique collection of 925 ferroptosis signaling pathway related compounds with ferroptosis-inducing or -inhibitory activity. MCE Ferroptosis Compound Library is a useful tool to study ferroptosis mechanism as well as related diseases.
MitoPerOx is a fluorescent ratio-probe of lipid peroxidation. MitoPerOx can be taken up very rapidly into mitochondria within cells, thereby responding to changes in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation .
10-Methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl)acridinium fluorosulfonate, a phenyl ester of acridinium esters, is a fluorescent dye that produces chemiluminescent under neutral conditions. 10-Methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl)acridinium fluorosulfonate can be used for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide .
Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) is a fluoregenic peroxide reactive probe. Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine exhibits a unique phototriggered aggregation-induced emission (AIE)/aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) transition with a remarkable third-order nonlinear optical signal change .
Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 4-nitrophenylhydrazone (PCNPH) is a chromogenic substrate to peroxidase enzymes. Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 4-nitrophenylhydrazone can form a purple indamine dye with peroxidase enzymes and peroxides .
BODIQPy-TPA is a lipophilic probes, which induces ferroptosis in B16 and HepG2 cells upon light irradiation through lipid peroxidation. BODIQPy-TPA reveals a maximum absorption wavelength of 488 nm and a maximum emission wavelength above 640 nm .
LPd peroxida probe, a marker of ferroptosis, is a useful fluorescent probe for investigating the roles of lipid peroxidation in a variety of cell pathophysiologies. LPd peroxida probe reduces lipid hydroperoxides to lipid alcohols and is used for imaging lipid hydroperoxides in living cells .
BODIPY 581/591 C11 is a BODIPY borofluoroprene derivative with good light stability and low fluorescence artifacts. BODIPY 581/591 C11 can be used for study lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties in living cells, or detect ferroptosis by reaction with hydroxyl radicals. BODIPY 581/591 C11 is emitted at 591 nm (reduced prototype), or redshifted to 510 nm (oxidized type). The excitation wavelengths were 581 nm (reduced prototype) and 500 nm (oxidized type) .
NucPE1 (Nuclear Peroxy Emerald 1) is a nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide that is specifically localized to cellular nuclei without appended targeting moieties.
DHBS is Used in conjunction with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for chromogenic quantitation of peroxidase in coupled enzymatic reactions.
Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction .
QPy-TPA is a lipopjilc probes, which induces non-ferroptotic cell death and lipid dynamic regularion in B16 and HepG2 cells upon light irradiation. QPy-TPA reveals a maximum absorption wavelength of 400 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 590 nm .
1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) has been developed as a selective probe for the detection and quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in samples containing different reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). DPBF is a fluorescent probe which, for almost 20 years, was believed to react in a highly specific manner toward some reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxy, alkyloxy or alkylperoxy radicals .
Xylene Cyanol FF is an acid triphenylmethane dye. Xylene Cyanol FF can be used for histochemical staining of hemoglobin peroxidase or as a tracking dye for DNA sequencing in electrophoresis. Xylene Cyanol FF will be catalyzed by Fe and Al to accelerate oxidation under the addition of double oxidant hydrogen peroxide and potassium periodate. Xylene Cyanol FF thus enables the spectrophotometric determination of Fe and Al in the solution to be tested .
Tyramide Amplification Buffer is a ready-to-use buffer primarily intended for immunostaining of cells and tissues by the technique of tyramide signal amplification (TSA). TSA Technology is based on a tyrosinase labeling system that reacts a tyrosine-labeled antibody with a fluorescently labeled tyramide using peroxidase to form a highly amplified fluorescent signal. For example, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can catalyze the reaction of tyrosine and hydrogen peroxide under milder conditions to generate epoxy groups. Epoxy groups promote the binding of tyramide to adjacent amino acids to form fluorescently labeled products .
HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively .
Dihydroethidium, also known as DHE, is a peroxide indicator. Dihydroethidium penetrates cell membranes to form a fluorescent protein complex with blue fluoresces. After entering the cells, Dihydroethidium is mainly localized in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the staining effect is the strongest in the nucleus. Dihydroethidium produces inherent blue fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 420 nm; after dehydrogenation, Dihydroethidium combines with RNA or DNA to produce red fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 300 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm. 535 nm can also be used as the excitation wavelength for actual observation .
2-Phenyl 2-propanol is an important intermediate for the synthesis of diisopropylbenzene peroxide, often used as an additive to fragrances and cosmetics .
(±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases .
The Boehringer Mannheim cholesterol esterase/cholesterol oxidase/peroxidase/3,4-dichlorophenol kinetic reagent was modified by the inclusion of TBHBA (2,4,6-Tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid) which reacts with hydrogen peroxide and 4-aminophenazone to produce a quinone-imine dye with a greater molar absorptivity than that produced with phenol.
Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px; EC 1.11.1.9) belongs to the peroxidase family and is commonly used in biochemical research. Glutathione Peroxidase can catalyze reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a disulfide bridge with another glutathione molecule, convert it into oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and react with hydrogen peroxide or lipid peroxide reaction, reducing it to H2O. Glutathione Peroxidase is an effective antioxidant against oxidative stress .
Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) catalyses the first and rate-determining step of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids and a major producer of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) .
Glucose oxidase is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Glucose oxidase can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation .
Xylene Cyanol FF is an acid triphenylmethane dye. Xylene Cyanol FF can be used for histochemical staining of hemoglobin peroxidase or as a tracking dye for DNA sequencing in electrophoresis. Xylene Cyanol FF will be catalyzed by Fe and Al to accelerate oxidation under the addition of double oxidant hydrogen peroxide and potassium periodate. Xylene Cyanol FF thus enables the spectrophotometric determination of Fe and Al in the solution to be tested .
Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
PRDX3(103-112), human is a marker for ferroptosis. PRDX3 is hyperoxidated by mitochondrial lipid peroxides. PRDX3 inhibits cystine uptake after hyperoxidization .
Ferrichrome is a hydroxamate siderophore produced by various fungi, including U. sphaerogena, that facilitates iron chelation and uptake by these organisms. It can be used as a heterosiderophore by bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ferrichrome (0.8 μM) inhibits concanavalin A-induced proliferation of mouse spleen monocytes and reduces the number of concanavalin A-stimulated CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 receptor. It also inhibits the heme-catalyzed oxidation of LDL by hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner.
Sensitive ECL Kit enables low picogram detection of antigen by oxidizing luminol in the presence of HRP and peroxide. This reaction produces a prolonged chemiluminescence which can be visualized on X-ray film or digital imaging systems.
High Sensitivity ECL Kit enables low picogram detection of antigen by oxidizing luminol in the presence of HRP and peroxide. This reaction produces a prolonged chemiluminescence which can be visualized on X-ray film or digital imaging systems.
Ergosterol peroxide is a steroid derivative and can be isolated from a variety of fungi, yeast, lichens or sponges. Ergosterol peroxide has anti-tumour, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mycobacterial, and anti-proliferative activities .
Phyllostadimer A is an antioxidant. Phyllostadimer A can be isolated from Bamboo. Phyllostadimer A inhibits lipid peroxidation. Phyllostadimer A has potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 15 mM .
Celaphanol A is a diterpene that can be isolated from the root bark of Celastrus orbiculatus. Celaphanol A shows neuroprotective effect against a hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells .
Phenazoviridin is a free radical scavenger. Phenazoviridin shows strong inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate and exhibits antihypoxic activity in mice .
Methyl linolenate is a polyunsaturated fattly acid (PUFA). Methyl linolenate has an anti-melanogenesis activity with an IC50 of 60 μM. Methyl linolenate can also be used for studies of the mechanisms and prevention of oxidation/peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids .
6"-O-Acetylgenistin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. 6"-O-Acetylgenistin significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome with an IC50 of 10.6 μM .
6"-O-Acetyldaidzin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. 6"-O-Acetyldaidzin significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome with an IC50 of 8.2 μM .
Diallyl tetrasulfide is an orally active diallyl polysulfide that can be isolated from garlic. Diallyl tetrasulfide has high activities to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Diallyl tetrasulfide possesses cytoprotective and antioxidant activities against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity .
7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and is formed by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation .
5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (9,11-Dehydroergosterol peroxide), an important steroid from medicinal mushroom, exerts antitumor activity in several tumor types. 5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol inhibits HT29 cell growth by inducing CDKN1A expression, thus causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .
(±)20-HDHA ((±)20-HDoHE) is a racemic mixture and is an autoxidation product of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). (±)20-HDHA is also formed by peroxidation process in human platelets and rat brain homogenate .
5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders .
Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
Uric acid sodium (Monosodium urate), scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid sodium can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
Sclerotiorin is a reversible and uncompetitive inhibitor against soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) (IC50: 4.2 μM). Sclerotiorin also shows antioxidant activity by scavenging free radical (ED50: 0.12 μM), and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Sclerotiorin has antifungal activity, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. Sclerotiorin can be purified from the fermented broth of Penicillium frequentans .
Pyridoxatin is a free radical scavenger of microbial origin. Pyridoxatin is isolated from a fungus culture identified as Acremonium sp. BX86. Pyridoxatin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals in rat liver microsomes free from vitamin E .
Chloride peroxidase is a monomeric, heme-containing enzyme. Chloride peroxidase is capable of electrophilic chlorinations through the umpolung of chloride by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide .
2-Phenyl 2-propanol is an important intermediate for the synthesis of diisopropylbenzene peroxide, often used as an additive to fragrances and cosmetics .
Anhydroglycinol is a phenolic compound that can be isolated from Lespedeza homoloba. Anhydroglycinol has strong antioxidative and antiallergic activity against lipid peroxidation in the rat .
Lamiide, an orally active iridoid compound, can be found in Bouchea fluminensis leaves. Lamiide exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-lipoperoxidative activity .
Salicylcurcumin is a synthetic curcumin analogue with antioxidant activity. Salicylcurcumin may affect lipid peroxidation in fish, favoring increased survival, disease resistance, and ultimately growth rate .
Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current .
Caffeoyltryptophan is a competitive PTP1B inhibitor, with an IC50 of 16.99 μM. Caffeoyltryptophan can also inhibit α-glucosidase, linoleic acid peroxidation and haemolysis. Caffeoyltryptophan can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
2-hydroxychalcone, a natural flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 2-Hydroxychalcone induces apoptosis by Bcl-2 downregulation. 2-Hydroxychalcone inhibits the activation of NF-kB .
Kadsurin, a natural compound from the stems of Kadsura heteroclita (Schizandraceae), results in significant decreases of CCL4- induced lipid-peroxidation products, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), conjugated dienes and fluorescent products in the liver of mice .
Macranthoin G is an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ or hydrogen peroxide in neuronal cells by downregulating p38 MAPK. Macranthoin G can used in study Alzheimer’s Disease .
N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-induced DNA oxidation product, used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues .
Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside is a flavonoid compound. Isorhamnetin shows a protective effect against lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2. Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside also inhibits the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals .
4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality .
Cytochrome P450 is a family of monooxygenase enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids to terminal alkenes using hydrogen peroxide as a cosubstrate. Cytochrome P450 as membrane-bound hemoproteins, plays important roles in the detoxification of drugs, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis .
(±)9-HpODE is a long chain lipid hydroperoxide, is a product of linoleic acid peroxidation. (±)9-HpODE can induce oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). (±)9-HpODE also exhibits antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens .
(±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases .
Sesaminol, isolated from Sesamum indicum, has antioxidative activity, Sesaminol inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesaminol potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression .
4-Ethylresorcinol, a derivative of resorcinol, can act as substrates of tyrosinase. 4-Ethylresorcinol possess hypopigmentary effects. 4-Ethylresorcinol attenuates mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and possessed antioxidative effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
Glyurallin B is a flavonoid, that can be isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Glyurallin B shows ABTS + radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation, with EC50 values of 11.9 ± 0.58 μM and 15.3 ± 1.26 μM, respectivley .
9S-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is an octadecadienoic acid and the main active derivative of linoleic acid, which can reduce the viability of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. 9S-HODE is rich in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and is almost an ideal marker for LPO .
4-Methyldaphnetin is a precursor in the synthesis of derivatives of 4-methyl coumarin. 4-Methyldaphnetin has potent, selective anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on several cancer cell lines. 4-Methyldaphnetin possesses radical scavenging property and strongly inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation .
Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy .
Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Argininosuccinic acid disodium participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle and is cleaved into arginine and fumarate by argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid disodium reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and increases reactive oxygen species production in the cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid disodium causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and also induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways .
Lepadin H is a marine alkaloid and ferroptosis inducer. Lepadin H exhibits significant cytotoxicity, promotes p53 expression, increases ROS production and lipid peroxidation, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and upregulates ACSL4 expression. Lepadin H induces ferroptosis through the p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway .
Argininosuccinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Argininosuccinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Lepadin E is a significantly cytotoxic ferroptosis inducer that induces iron death through the classical p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. Lepadin E promoted p53 expression, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and leads to increased ROS and lipid peroxide production, and upregulated ACSL4 expression, thus causes cell death. Lepadin E has significant antitumor effect .
(E)-Ajoene is a oxygenated ajoene and organosulfur compound, which can be acquired via allicin decomposing. The polysulfides from garlic can be converted by human red blood cells into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and allyl glutathione. (E)-Ajoene has been proved to show neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. (E)-Ajoene is orally active to inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ajoene increases the number of cresyl violet-positive neurons and decreases the number of reactive gliosis in the CA1 region .
Gibberellic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gibberellic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gibberellic Acid is named after the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellic Acid regulates processes in plant development and growth, including seed development and germination, stem and root growth, cell division, and flowering time. Gibberellic Acid also improves plant response to growth stress caused by various environmental stresses, such as cold stress, drought stress, heavy metal stress, etc. Gibberellic Acid also causes increased lipid peroxidation and fluctuations in the antioxidant defense system in rats .
Porphyra 334 is an antioxidative and anti-photoaging agent. Porphyra 334 suppresses ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation .
Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide is a natural flavone glycoside that can be extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide has antioxidant activity. Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide inhibits FeSO4-Cys-induced lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate. Baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide also shows strong cytoprotective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells .
Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation .
1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran, isolated from the edible mushroom Sarcodon leucopus, has antioxidant effects in the DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 of 28 μM, inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) with the IC50 of 71 μM, and inhibits α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 6.22 μM .
T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a toxic trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species in feedstuffs and cereal grains, LD50 values of T-2 Toxin in mice and rats are 5.2 and 1.5 mg/kg BW a,respectively . T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) can be transformed into a variety of metabolite, the typical metabolites of T-2 toxin in animals are HT-2 toxin and T-2-triol, which are hydrolysates . T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis resulting from binding peptidyltransferase, which is an integral part of the 60s ribosomal subunit. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, interferes with the metabolism of membrane phospholipids, and increases the level of liver lipid peroxides . T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) induces apoptosis in the immune system, gastrointestinal tissues, and fetal tissues .
PRDX4, a thiol-specific peroxidase, enzymatically reduces hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, crucial for cellular protection. It detoxifies peroxides, acts as a sensor for hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling, and contributes to NF-kappa-B activation regulation. PRDX4's multifaceted activity underscores its significance in cellular redox homeostasis and potential impact on intracellular signaling. PRDX4 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PRDX4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PRDX4 Protein, Human (His) is 234 a.a., with molecular weight of 27-30 kDa.
The PRDX3 protein is a thiol-specific peroxidase that plays a key role in cellular defense by reducing hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols. It detoxifies peroxides and cooperates with MAP3K13 to regulate NF-kappa-B activation. PRDX3 Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived PRDX3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of PRDX3 Protein, Human is 194 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.0 kDa.
Peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) is a thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides and plays a crucial role in cellular protection against oxidative stress. It detoxifies peroxide and senses hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. PRDX1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PRDX1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His, N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PRDX1 Protein, Human (His) is 199 a.a., with molecular weight of ~27.0 kDa.
Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) is a thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, which is essential for cellular protection against oxidative stress. It detoxifies peroxide, senses hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events, and may participate in signaling cascades initiated by growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Peroxiredoxin-2/PRDX2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Peroxiredoxin-2/PRDX2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Peroxiredoxin-2/PRDX2 Protein, Human (His) is 197 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.8 kDa.
7α-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is the deuterium labeled 7α-Hydroxycholesterol. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and is formed by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].
Uric acid- 13C, 15N3 is the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation[1][2].
Eugenol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Eugenol. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d5 is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects[1][2].
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d5-1 is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects[1][2][3].
Uric acid- 13C3 is 13C-labeled Uric acid (HY-B2130). Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in the human body. Uric acid can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Methyl linolenate- 13C18 is the 13C labeled Methyl linolenate[1]. Methyl linolenate is a polyunsaturated fattly acid (PUFA). It is used in studies on the mechanisms and prevention of oxidation/peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids[2][3]. The IC50 is 60 uM[4].
Uric acid- 15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid . Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation .
Indole-2-carboxylic acid- 13C is the 13C-labeled Indole-2-carboxylic acid. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current[1][2].
Carvedilol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].
Carvedilol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].
Carvedilol-d5 is deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].
8-iso Prostaglandin F2α-d9 is the deuterium labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
(E)-Ferulic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled (E)-Ferulic acid. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1].
T-2 Toxin- 13C24 (T-2 Mycotoxin- 13C24) is 13C-labeled T-2 Toxin (HY-N6792). T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a toxic trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species in feedstuffs and cereal grains. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, interferes with the metabolism of membrane phospholipids, and increases the level of liver lipid peroxides. T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) induces apoptosis in the immune system, gastrointestinal tissues, and fetal tissues .
PRDX3; AOP1; Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase; mitochondrial; Antioxidant protein 1; AOP-1; HBC189; Peroxiredoxin III; Prx-III; Peroxiredoxin-3; Protein MER5 homolog
WB, IF-Cell, IHC-P, FC, IP
Human
PRDX3 Antibody (YA909) is an unconjugated, approximately 28 kDa, human-derived, anti-PRDX3 (YA909) monoclonal antibody. PRDX3 Antibody (YA909) can be used for: WB, IF-Cell, IHC-P, FC, IP expriments in human background without labeling.
Peroxiredoxin 1 Antibody (YA692) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 22 kDa, targeting to Peroxiredoxin 1 (6A6). It can be used for WB,IHC-F,IHC-P,ICC/IF assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
BCP-T.A, a tunable heterocyclic electrophile, is a potent ferroptosis inducer by binding to GPX4 . BCP-T.A is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
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