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Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 is a promising live cell imaging agent for the detection of exocytotic events at the plasma membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 shows low cytotoxicity, resistance to photobleaching , which is ideal for imaging either short- or long-time courses .
QM295 is an endoplasmic reticulum oxidation 1 (ERO1) inhibitor with selectively reversible thiol reactivity. QM295 can be used for the research of endoplasmic reticulum stress .
PERK-IN-4 is a potent and selective PERK (protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 0.3 nM. PERK is activated in response to a variety of endoplasmic reticulum stresses implicated in numerous disease states .
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation .
AIE-ER is a specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fluorescent probe (green channel: λex=405 nm, λem=450~650 nm) that exhibits remarkable photostability, high brightness, and low working concentration. AIE-ER may provide an avenue for studying diseases related to the endoplasmic reticulum .
ERAP1-IN-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) inhibitor. ERAP1-IN-1 competitively inhibits ERAP1 activity towards a nonamer peptide representative of physiological substrates .
Termitomycamide E is a fatty acid amide that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Termitomycamide E shows significant protective activity against T. titanicus-toxicity .
PD-1/PD-L1-IN-29 (S4-1) is a potent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.1 nM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-29 binds PD-L1 and disrupts PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, induces PD-L1 dimerization and internalization, improves its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, and promotes PD-L1 entry into the endoplasmic reticulum. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-29 has anticancer activity .
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation .
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation .
RH01687 is a compound that can protect pancreatic β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. RH01687 has the potential for the research of diabetes .
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TDUCA) dihydrate is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK .
Annonacin is an Acetogenin and promotes cytotoxicity via a pathway inhibiting the mitochondrial complex. Annonacin is the active agent found in Annona muricata to act as an inhibitor of sodium/potassium (NKA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) ATPase pumps .
Flubi-2 is a fluorescein-biotin based pH-ratio dye (Ex=480 nm, Em= 520-560 nm) with a pK value of 6.7. Flubi-2 is a hydrolysis product of Flubida-2 (non-fluorescent, membrane permeable). Flubi-2 can be used for pH determination of organelles of the secretory pathway (such as golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) in living cells .
Termitomycamide B (compound 2) is a neuroprotective agent that can be obtained from Termitomyces titanicus. Termitomycamide B effectively inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent cell death. Termitomycamide B can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
SERCA2a activator 1 (Compound A) is a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-dependent ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) activator. SERCA2a activator 1 attenuates phospholamban inhibition and enhances the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. SERCA2a activator 1 can be used for heart failure .
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a potent second messenger for calcium mobilization that is synthesized from NAD + by an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Cyclic ADP-ribose increases cytosolic calcium mainly by Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from endoplasmic reticulum and also by extracellular influx through the opening of TRPM2 channels .
Cyclic ADP-ribose ammonium (cADPR ammonium) is a potent second messenger for calcium mobilization that is synthesized from NAD + by an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Cyclic ADP-ribose ammonium increases cytosolic calcium mainly by Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from endoplasmic reticulum and also by extracellular influx through the opening of TRPM2 channels .
Cinchonine ((8R,9S)-Cinchonine) monohydrochloride hydrate is a natural compound which has been effectively used as antimalarial agent. Cinchonine monohydrochloride hydrate activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells. Cinchonine monohydrochloride hydrate is also an inhibitor of human platelet aggregation. Cinchonine monohydrochloride hydrate possesses a suppressive effect on adipogenesis .
20-HC-Me-Pyrrolidine is a potent Aster protein inhibitor with IC50s of 0.11 μM, 0.06 μM, and 0.71 μM for Aster-A, Aster-B, and Aster-C, respectively. 20-HC-Me-Pyrrolidine blocks the ability of Asters to bind and transfer cholesterol. 20-HC-Me-Pyrrolidine also inhibits the movement of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) .
SLMP53-2 is a mutant p53 reactivator. SLMP53-2 restores wild-type-like conformation and DNA-binding ability of mutp53-Y220C by enhancing its interaction with the Hsp70, leading to the reestablishment of p53 transcriptional activity. SLMP53-2 can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. SLMP53-2 exhibits antitumor activity .
β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate (ABA-GE) is a hydrolyzable abscisic acid (ABA) conjugate that accumulates in the vacuole and presumably also in the endoplasmic reticulum. The deconjugation of β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate allows the rapid formation of free ABA in response to abiotic stress conditions such as dehydration and salt stress. β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate contributes to the maintenance of ABA homeostasis .
YUM70 is a potent and selective inhibitor of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), with an IC50 of 1.5 μM for inhibiting GRP78 ATPase activity of the full-length protein. YUM70 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. YUM70 also has in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model .
mEH-IN-1 (Compound 62) is a potent microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) inhibitor with the IC50 of 2.2 nM. The mEH is a mammalian α/β-fold hydrolase enzyme, expressed in almost all tissues, hydrolyzes a wide range of epoxide containing molecules. The mEH is mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. mEH-IN-1 can be used for the research of preeclampsia, hypercholanemia and cancer .
AIECbz-LD-C7 is an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe based on the conjugation of quinoline-malononitrile (QM) and carbazole. AIECbz-LD-C7 has excellent LD-specificity. AIECbz-LD-C7 can be used for tracking the dynamic changes of LDs and studying the association between LDs and lysosome/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) .
Eeyarestatin I, a potent endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) inhibitor, is a potent protein translocation inhibitor. Eeyarestatin I inhibits Sec61 translocon. Eeyarestatin I targets the p97-associated deubiquitinating process (PAD) and inhibits atx3-dependent deubiquitination. Eeyarestatin I interferes at a step prior to proteasomal degradation. Eeyarestatin I induces cell death via the proapoptotic protein NOXA and has anticancer effects .
TrxR-IN-6 (compound 1d) is a TrxR inhibitor that induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and has anticancer activity. TrxR-IN-6 can further lead to redox system collapse, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and DNA damage. Finally, it causes oxidative stress and induces apoptosis .
ZX-29 is a potent and selective ALK inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.1 nM, 1.3 nM and 3.9 nM for ALK, ALK L1196M and ALK G1202R mutations, respectively. ZX-29 is inactive against EGFR. ZX-29 induces apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and overcomes cell resistance caused by an ALK mutation. ZX-29 also induces protective autophagy and has antitumor effect .
Ipomoeassin F is a potent and selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-translocation inhibitor by targeting the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 complex (Sec61α) at the ER membrane. Ipomoeassin F selectively inhibits the ER membrane translocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Ipomoeassin F block the ER translocation of secretory proteins and type I transmembrane proteins (TMPs), but not type III TMPs .
IHVR-19029 is a potent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) α-glucosidases I and II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.48 μM for ER a-glucosidase I. IHVR-19029 efficiently blocks the replication of several hemorrhagic fever viruses, such as Dengue virus (DENV), Ebola virus (EBOV) and Rift Valley fever virus. The combination of IHVR-19029 with Favipiravir (HY-14768) improves the antiviral efficacy .
α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation . α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells . α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1 .
α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) sodium is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid sodium inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation . α-Lipoic Acid sodium induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells . α-Lipoic Acid sodium can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1 .
Myoregulin (MLN peptide) is a member of the regulin family. Myoregulin regulates muscle performance by modulating intracellular calcium handling. Myoregulin interactes directly with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA) and impedinf Ca 2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum .
Myoregulin (MLN peptide) TFA is a member of the regulin family. Myoregulin TFA regulates muscle performance by modulating intracellular calcium handling. Myoregulin TFA interactes directly with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA) and impedinf Ca 2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum .
PERK-IN-4-d3 is the deuterium labeled PERK-IN-4. PERK-IN-4 is a potent and selective PERK (protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 0.3 nM. PERK is activated in response to a variety of endoplasmic reticulum stresses implicated in numerous disease states[1].
Afegostat is a pharmacological chaperone, which specifically and reversibly binds acid-β-glucosidase (GCase) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with high affinity .
Afegostat tartrate is a pharmacological chaperone, which specifically and reversibly binds acid-β-glucosidase (GCase) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with high affinity .
Afegostat D-Tartrate is a pharmacological chaperone, which specifically and reversibly binds acid-β-glucosidase (GCase) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with high affinity .
Doxorubicinol, a potent inhibitor of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, inhibits systolic myocardial function in isolated heart muscle. Doxorubicinol inhibits tumor cell growth and has cardiotoxicity.
CDN1163 is an allosteric sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA) activator that improves Ca 2+ homeostasis. CDN1163 attenuates diabetes and metabolic disorders .
ABTL-0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy. ABTL-0812 is a first-in-class small molecule with anti-cancer activity .
Antiproliferative agent-23 is a microtubule-destabilizing agent (MDA) and efficiently disturbes the tubulin-microtubule system. Antiproliferative agent-23 induces apoptosis via a mitochondrion-dependent pathway by downregulating the Bcl-2 protein, upregulating Bax and Cyt c proteins, and activating the caspase cascade. Antiproliferative agent-23 initiates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in A549/CDDP cells (cisplatin resistant cancer cell line) via the PERK/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway. Antiproliferative agent-23 has anti-tumor activity .
STF-083010 is a specific IRE1α inhibitor. STF-083010 inhibits Ire1 endonuclease activity, without affecting its kinase activity, after endoplasmic reticulum stress.
L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a neurotoxic secondary metabolite (SM) made by Aspergillus flavus, is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (Ca 2+ATPase; SERCA) and a potent inducer of cell death in plants .
Cristacarpin can be extracted from the stem bark of Erythrina suberosa, promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to sublethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ultimately cell death through senescence .
FerroOrange is a fluorescent probe for the detection of unstable divalent iron ions, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, which emits irreversible orange fluorescence upon encountering divalent iron ions. Excitation/emission wavelength: 542/572 nm.
ICL-CCIC-0019 is an inhibitor of choline kinase α (CHKα). ICL-CCIC-0019 induces G1 block, endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis in cancer cell lines .
Phenylbutyrate-d11 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA sodium) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research[1].
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation. Ex/Em=587/615 nm .
EN460 is a selective endoplasmic reticulum oxidation 1 (ERO1) inhibitor. EN460 (IC50 of 1.9 μM) interacts selectively with the reduced, active form of ERO1α and prevents its reoxidation .
4-Phenylbutyric acid-d11 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
IRE1α kinase-IN-7 (compound 4) is an IRE1α kinase inhibitor. IRE1α kinase-IN-7 can be used for research of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related diseases .
Imperatoxin A, a peptide toxin derived from the venom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperator, activator of Ca 2+-release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs)? enhances the influx of Ca 2+ from the sarcoplasmatic reticulum into the cell .
PAQ (Compound 4c) is a quinoxaline derivative. PAQ is an orally active neuroprotective agent, which targets dopamine (DA) neurons and activates reticulum endoplasmic ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, without effects on glia cells .
Dehydroeffusol is a phenanthrene from medicinal herb Juncus effuses. Dehydroeffusol inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity by selectively inducing tumor-suppressive endoplasmic reticulum stress and a moderate apoptosis. It shows very low toxicity .
Cinchonine hydrochloride ((8R,9S)-Cinchonine hydrochloride) is a natural alkaloid present in Cinchona bark, with antimalarial activity. Cinchonine hydrochloride activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .
JTV-519 (K201) is a Ca 2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. Antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties .
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d5 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Ganoderic acid F is a ganoderic acid. Ganoderic acid F exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic activities through inhibition of angiogenesis and alteration of proteins involving cell proliferation and/or cell death, carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress .
N106 is a first-in-class sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) SUMOylation activator. N106 directly activates the SUMO-activating enzyme, E1 ligase. N106 can be used for heart failure research .
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4 is deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
BHPI is a potent inhibitor of nuclear estrogen–ERα-regulated gene expression; elicits sustained ERα-dependent activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and persistent inhibition of protein synthesis.
JTV-519 hemifumarate (K201 hemifumarate) is a Ca 2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. Antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties .
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4 (sodium) is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
4-Phenylbutyric acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
VK-II-36 is a carvedilol analog that suppresses sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+release but does not block the β-receptor.VK-II-36 inhibits triggered activities evoked by both early and delayed after depolarizations .
JTV-519 free base (K201 free base) is a Ca 2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. Antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties .
BODIPY FL Thapsigargin is a potent green fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL Thapsigargin inhibits intracellular SERCA-type Ca2+ pumps present in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. BODIPY FL Thapsigargin used for investigation of thapsigargin binding sites in live cells .
JTV-519 fumarate (K201 fumarate) is a Ca 2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. JTV-519 fumarate is a cardioprotective agent with antiarrhythmic effects .
D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate hexapotassium salt is the hexapotassium salt of D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3), which is a second messenger that stimulates the discharge of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum.
L-Homocystine-d8 is the deuterium labeled L-Homocystine. L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate sodium salt is the hexapotassium salt of D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3), which is a second messenger that stimulates the discharge of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum.
4-Phenylbutyric acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research[2][3][4].
Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, is an inhibitor of microsomal Ca 2+-ATPase. Thapsigargin efficiently inhibits coronavirus (HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) replication in different cell types .
CCF642 is a potent protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 μM. CCF642 causes acute endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in multiple myeloma cells accompanied by apoptosis-inducing calcium release. CCF642 has broad anti-multiple myeloma activity .
GRP78-IN-3 is a selective Grp78 (HSPA5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.59 μM. GRP78-IN-3 is 7-fold selective for HspA5 compared to HspA9 (IC50 of 4.3 μM) and >20-fold selective for HspA5 compared to HspA2 (IC50 of 13.9 μM) .
RH01386 is a small molecule that can prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced β cell dysfunction and death, and inhibits proapoptotic gene expression. RH01386 restores ERS-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion responses. RH01386 has the potential for type 2 diabetes treatment .
Biacetyl monoxime (Diacetyl monoxime), a myosin ATPase inhibitor, is a skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction inhibitor. Biacetyl monoxime is also a well-characterized non-competitive inhibitor of chemical and motile activity of skeletal muscle myosin-II. Biacetyl monoxime induces sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release .
Questiomycin A (Phx-3) is a GRP78 (cytoprotective endoplasmic reticulum chaperone) degrader and enhances the anticancer activity of Sorafenib. Questiomycin A is also an antimicrobial/antibiotic that can be obtained from the metabolite of Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66. Questiomycin A can be used in research on biological control of cancer and plant diseases .
Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and autophagy and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .
TrxR-IN-4 (Compound 1b) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR. TrxR-IN-4 induces HepG2 cells apoptosis by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). TrxR-IN-4 improves the CCl4-induced liver damage in vivo by down-regulation of TrxR expression and inflammation level .
Epimedokoreanin B is a natural flavonoid with anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Epimedokoreanin B inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis accompanied by autophagosome accumulation. Epimedokoreanin B is an anti-periodontitis agent that inhibits gingipains and Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and biofilm formation .
ERX-41 is an orally active and stereospecific small molecule targeting to lysosomal acid lipase A (LIPA). ERX-41 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting in cell death, indicating a function independent of LIPA but dependent on its ER localization. ERX-41 involves in a targeted strategy for solid tumors .
Caloxin 3A1 is a biological active peptide. (This peptide belongs to caloxins, the extracellular plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ pump inhibitors. Caloxin 3A1 inhibits plasma membrane calcium pumps (PMCAs) but not the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump. This peptide does not inhibit formation of the acylphosphate intermediate from ATP.)
BQZ-485 is a a potent GDI2 inhibitor through the interaction with Tyr245. BQZ-485 disrupts the intrinsic GDI2-Rab1A interaction, thereby abolishing vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and initiating subsequent paraptosis events .
Cyclooxygenase 1, sheep (COX-1) is a 71 kDa membrane bound protein predominantly present in endoplasmic reticulum. Cyclooxygenase 1 has three domains, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) like domain, enzymatic and membrane binding domain. Cyclooxygenase 1 mediates prostaglandin synthesis and is modulated by anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs .
Pifusertib (TAS-117) hydrochloride is a potent, selective, orally active allosteric Akt inhibitor (with IC50s of 4.8, 1.6, and 44 nM for Akt1, 2, and 3, respectively). Pifusertib hydrochloride triggers anti-myeloma activities and enhances fatal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by proteasome inhibition. Pifusertib hydrochloride induces apoptosis and autophagy .
Pifusertib (TAS-117) is a potent, selective, orally active allosteric Akt inhibitor (with IC50s of 4.8, 1.6, and 44 nM for Akt1, 2, and 3, respectively). Pifusertib triggers anti-myeloma activities and enhances fatal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by proteasome inhibition. Pifusertib induces apoptosis and autophagy .
Rosolic Acid is an activator of Nrf2, as well as its downstream targets. Rosolic Acid increases the levels of angiogenic factors, decreases inflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (CXCL10 and CCL2). Rosolic Acid restores the function of pancreatic cells and protects endothelial cells (ECs) from endoplasmic reticulum stressed .
Me4Phen (compound 3) is an oxygen rhenium (V) complex that depletes mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated necrosis of cancer cells. Me4Phen is highly lipophilic and effectively overcomes Cisplatin (HY-17394) resistance in a variety of cancer cells .
Brefeldin A (BFA) is a lactone antibiotic and a specific inhibitor of protein trafficking. Brefeldin A blocks the transport of secreted and membrane proteins from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus . Brefeldin A is also an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor . Brefeldin A is a CRISPR/Cas9 activator . Brefeldin A inhibits HSV-1 and has anti-cancer activity .
GNF-6231 is a porcupine (IC50= 0.8 nM), Pron, and endoplasmic reticulum protein inhibitor with oral activity. GNF-6231 has anticancer activity. GNF-6231 can prevent the activation of the Wnt pathway by blocking the secretion of all Wnt ligands. GNF-6231 can be used in the study of myocardial infarction .
BiP inducer X, a selective inducer of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP)/GRP78, is an effective ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress inhibitor. BiP inducer X preferentially induces BiP with slight inductions of GRP94, calreticulin, and C/EBP homologous protein. BiP inducer X protects neurons from ER stress .
Cholera toxin (Choleragen), an AB(5)-subunit toxin, enters host cells by binding the ganglioside GM1 at the plasma membrane (PM) and travels retrograde through the trans-Golgi Network into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) . Choleragen activates adenylate cyclase by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein .
Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from Penicillium paxilli, acts as a potent BK channels inhibitor by an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline also inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) with IC50s between 5 μM and 50 μM for differing isoforms. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity .
CO delivery molecule 1 (compound 4) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Subcellular localization of CO delivery molecule 1 results in CO-induced toxicity effects. Anti-inflammatory effects of CO delivery molecule 1, as measured by TNF-α suppression, occur at the nanomolar level in the absence of CO release, and are enhanced with visible-light-induced CO release .
FC-11 is a Tubulin inhibitor that effectively inhibits tumor growth in mice. FC-11 can also induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to generate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial damage, thereby promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by targeting microtubules. FC-11 can be used in cancer research .
S107 is an orally available, blood brain barrier-permeable compound, which stabilizes RyR2 channels by enhancing the binding of calstabin 2 to the mutant Ryr2-R2474S channel. S107 inhibits Ca 2+ leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and prevents cardiac arrhythmias and raises the seizure threshold .
TAK-243 (MLN7243) is a first-in-class, selective ubiquitin activating enzyme, UAE (UBA1) inhibitor (IC50=1 nM), which blocks ubiquitin conjugation, disrupting monoubiquitin signaling as well as global protein ubiquitination. TAK-243 (MLN7243) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, abrogates NF-κB pathway activation and promotes apoptosis .
N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin is a polyphenol isolated from the seeds of safflower and has antioxidative, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin inhibits PDGF-induced on phosphorylation of PDGF receptor and Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum . N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin ameliorates atherosclerosis and distensibility of the aortic wall in vivo and is usually used for the atherosclerosis research .
Exo2 is a secretion inhibitor. Exo2 perturbs trafficking of Shiga toxin between endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. Exo2 blocks secretory cargo exit from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and disrupts the Golgi apparatus, but does not affect the morphology of the TGN (trans-Golgi network) Exo2 can stimulate calcium-dependent exocytosis in permeabilized adrenal chromaff in cells .
IRE1α kinase-IN-1 is a highly selective IRE1α (ERN1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 77 nM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 displays 100-fold selectivity for IRE1α over the IRE1β isoform. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 inhibits ER stress-induced IRE1α oligomerization and autophosphorylation, and also inhibits IRE1α RNase activity (IC50=80 nM) .
1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride is a selective class I α1,2-mannosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 20 μM. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride is also a N-linked glycosylation inhibitor and inhibits HIV‐1 strains. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride has antiviral activity .
α-Lipoic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled α-Lipoic Acid. α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4].
Mipsagargin (G-202) is a novel thapsigargin-based targeted proagent consisting of a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-specific peptide coupled to an analog of the potent sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA) pump inhibitor Thapsigargin (HY-13433). Mipsagargin is activated by PSMA-mediated cleavage of an inert masking peptide. Mipsagargin has the potential for refractory, advanced or metastatic solid tumours research .
Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties . Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation . Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress .
Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits N-linked glycosylation and blocks GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces ER stress, and causes blocking of DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Tunicamycin inhibits gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses and has anti-cancer activity .Tunicamycin increases exosome release in cervical cancer cells .
AA147 is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis regulator. AA147 promotes protection against oxidative damage in neuronal cells and prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction by activating ATF6 arm (selectively) of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the NRF2 oxidative stress response. AA147 can rebalances XBP1s expression in vivo, and also induces survival motor neuron (SMN) expression and spinal motorneuron (MN) protection .
EB-3D is a potent and selective choline kinase α (ChoKα) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1 μM for ChoKα1. EB-3D exerts effects on ChoKα expression, AMPK activation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. EB-3D exhibits a potent antiproliferative activity in a panel of T-leukemia cell lines. Anti-cancer activity .
BOLD-100 (NKP-1339; IT-139) free base is a ruthenium-based anticancer agent. BOLD-100 free base also is an inhibitor of stress-induced GRP78 upregulation, disrupting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and inducing ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). BOLD-100 free base interferes with the complex interplay between ER-stress response, lysosome dynamics, and autophagy execution .
Flurochloridone (R-40244) is a selective preemergence and persistent herbicide. Flurochloridone induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. Flurochloridone impairs cell viability and induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis mediated by ER stress via activating eIF2α-ATF4/ATF6-CHOP-Bim/Bax signaling pathways in TM4 cells .
RA-9 is a potent and selective proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) inhibitor with favorable toxicity profile and anticancer activity. RA-9 blocks ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation without impacting 20S proteasome proteolytic activity. RA-9 selectively induces onset of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cultures derived from donors. RA-9 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress responses in ovarian cancer cells .
NAB2 is a neuron-protective agent. NAB2 strongly and selectively protects diverse cell types from α-syn toxicity. NAB2 promots endosomal transport events dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5/Nedd4. NAB2 identifies a agentgable node in the biology of α-syn that can correct multiple aspects of its underlying pathology, including dysfunctional endosomal and endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking .
Xestospongin C ((-)-Xestospongin C) is a selective, reversible inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor. Xestospongin C acts as an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump of internal stores. Xestospongin C blocks IP3-induced Ca 2+ release from cerebellar microsomes with an IC50 of 358 nM. Xestospongin C is a valuable tool for investigating the structure and function of IP3Rs and Ca 2+ signaling in neuronal and nonneuronal cells .
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye . BODIPY Fl C5-Ceramide is a Golgi-specific green fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em= 505 nm/512 nm.
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.
Melatonin-d7 is the deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].
Melatonin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].
ROS-ERS inducer 1 is a type II ICD (immunogenic cell death) inducer. ROS-ERS inducer 1 is a Pt(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Pt(II)-NHC) complex derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole. ROS-ERS inducer 1 successfully induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and finally lead to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in HCC cells. ROS-ERS inducer 1 displays much higher anticancer activities than Cisplatin .
Fluo-3FF pentapotassium is a cell-permeable acetoxy-methyl ester of Fluo-3FF, a fluorescent calcium indicator. Fluo-3FF is a di-fluorinated analog of Fluo-3 with a 100-fold lower affinity than Fluo-3 for calcium (Kds = 42 and 0.4 碌M, respectively). For its low affinity, Fluo-3FF is used for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations.
IXA4 is a highly selective, non-toxic IRE1/XBP1s activator. IXA4 activates IRE1/XBP1s signaling without globally activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) or other stress-responsive signaling pathways (e.g., the heat shock response or oxidative stress response). IXA4 reduces secretion of APP through IRE1 activation .
KIRA9 is a potent IRE1 inhibitor (IC50=4.8 μM in INS-1 cells). KIRA9 is able to fully engage the ATP-binding site of IRE1α. KIRA9 can block ER-localized mRNA decay and apoptosis .
α-Lipoic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Lipoic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation . α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells . α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1 .
Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development . Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer .
Ceapin-A7 is a selective blocker of ATF6α signaling in response to ER stress, with an IC50 of 0.59 μM. Ceapin-A7 can be used to explore both the mechanism of activation of ATF6α and its role in pathological settings .
DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) disodium is a disodium salt compound of HMG-CoA, is a intermediate of terpenes and ketone bodies. DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium also involves in ester metabolism in vivo, as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and regulates cholesterol synthesis by coupling LDL receptor .
GSK-J4 is a potent dual inhibitor of H3K27me3/me2-demethylases JMJD3/KDM6B and UTX/KDM6A with IC50s of 8.6 and 6.6 μM, respectively. GSK-J4 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production in human primary macrophages with an IC50 of 9 μM. GSK J4 is a cell permeable proagent of GSK-J1 . GSK-J4 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis .
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contributes to the production and folding of approximately one third of cellular proteins, and is thus inextricably linked to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the fine balance between health and disease. However, some adverse factors negatively impact ER functions and protein synthesis, resulting in the activation of Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress, ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. The UPR is triggered when ER protein folding capacity is overwhelmed by cellular demand and the UPR initially aims to restore ER homeostasis and normal cellular functions. However, if this fails, then the UPR triggers cell death. Chronic ER stress and defects in UPR signaling are emerging as key contributors to a growing list of human diseases, including diabetes, neurodegeneration and cancer.
MCE Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Compound Library contains 219 ER stress-related compounds that mainly target PERK, IRE1, ATF6, etc. MCE ER stress library is a useful tool for researching ER stress and related diseases.
Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 is a promising live cell imaging agent for the detection of exocytotic events at the plasma membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 shows low cytotoxicity, resistance to photobleaching , which is ideal for imaging either short- or long-time courses .
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation .
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation .
AIE-ER is a specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fluorescent probe (green channel: λex=405 nm, λem=450~650 nm) that exhibits remarkable photostability, high brightness, and low working concentration. AIE-ER may provide an avenue for studying diseases related to the endoplasmic reticulum .
Flubi-2 is a fluorescein-biotin based pH-ratio dye (Ex=480 nm, Em= 520-560 nm) with a pK value of 6.7. Flubi-2 is a hydrolysis product of Flubida-2 (non-fluorescent, membrane permeable). Flubi-2 can be used for pH determination of organelles of the secretory pathway (such as golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) in living cells .
FerroOrange is a fluorescent probe for the detection of unstable divalent iron ions, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, which emits irreversible orange fluorescence upon encountering divalent iron ions. Excitation/emission wavelength: 542/572 nm.
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation. Ex/Em=587/615 nm .
BODIPY FL Thapsigargin is a potent green fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL Thapsigargin inhibits intracellular SERCA-type Ca2+ pumps present in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. BODIPY FL Thapsigargin used for investigation of thapsigargin binding sites in live cells .
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye . BODIPY Fl C5-Ceramide is a Golgi-specific green fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em= 505 nm/512 nm.
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.
Fluo-3FF pentapotassium is a cell-permeable acetoxy-methyl ester of Fluo-3FF, a fluorescent calcium indicator. Fluo-3FF is a di-fluorinated analog of Fluo-3 with a 100-fold lower affinity than Fluo-3 for calcium (Kds = 42 and 0.4 碌M, respectively). For its low affinity, Fluo-3FF is used for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations.
Rosolic Acid is an activator of Nrf2, as well as its downstream targets. Rosolic Acid increases the levels of angiogenic factors, decreases inflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (CXCL10 and CCL2). Rosolic Acid restores the function of pancreatic cells and protects endothelial cells (ECs) from endoplasmic reticulum stressed .
DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) disodium is a disodium salt compound of HMG-CoA, is a intermediate of terpenes and ketone bodies. DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium also involves in ester metabolism in vivo, as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and regulates cholesterol synthesis by coupling LDL receptor .
Myoregulin (MLN peptide) is a member of the regulin family. Myoregulin regulates muscle performance by modulating intracellular calcium handling. Myoregulin interactes directly with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA) and impedinf Ca 2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum .
Myoregulin (MLN peptide) TFA is a member of the regulin family. Myoregulin TFA regulates muscle performance by modulating intracellular calcium handling. Myoregulin TFA interactes directly with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA) and impedinf Ca 2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum .
Imperatoxin A, a peptide toxin derived from the venom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperator, activator of Ca 2+-release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs)? enhances the influx of Ca 2+ from the sarcoplasmatic reticulum into the cell .
DPc10 is a biological active peptide. (This is amino acids 2460 to 2495 fragment of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2). RyR2 controls calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which begins muscle contraction. Mutated RyR2 is associated to ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden death.)
CAM741 is a selective VCAM-1 translocation inhibitor. CAM741 selectively inhibits VCAM-1 expression by inhibiting its co-translational translocation within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). CAM741 can be used as a molecular tool and can also be used in the research of chronic inflammation and cancer .
Caloxin 3A1 is a biological active peptide. (This peptide belongs to caloxins, the extracellular plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ pump inhibitors. Caloxin 3A1 inhibits plasma membrane calcium pumps (PMCAs) but not the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump. This peptide does not inhibit formation of the acylphosphate intermediate from ATP.)
Mipsagargin (G-202) is a novel thapsigargin-based targeted proagent consisting of a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-specific peptide coupled to an analog of the potent sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA) pump inhibitor Thapsigargin (HY-13433). Mipsagargin is activated by PSMA-mediated cleavage of an inert masking peptide. Mipsagargin has the potential for refractory, advanced or metastatic solid tumours research .
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation .
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TDUCA) dihydrate is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK .
Termitomycamide E is a fatty acid amide that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Termitomycamide E shows significant protective activity against T. titanicus-toxicity .
Annonacin is an Acetogenin and promotes cytotoxicity via a pathway inhibiting the mitochondrial complex. Annonacin is the active agent found in Annona muricata to act as an inhibitor of sodium/potassium (NKA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) ATPase pumps .
Termitomycamide B (compound 2) is a neuroprotective agent that can be obtained from Termitomyces titanicus. Termitomycamide B effectively inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent cell death. Termitomycamide B can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a potent second messenger for calcium mobilization that is synthesized from NAD + by an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Cyclic ADP-ribose increases cytosolic calcium mainly by Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from endoplasmic reticulum and also by extracellular influx through the opening of TRPM2 channels .
Cyclic ADP-ribose ammonium (cADPR ammonium) is a potent second messenger for calcium mobilization that is synthesized from NAD + by an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Cyclic ADP-ribose ammonium increases cytosolic calcium mainly by Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from endoplasmic reticulum and also by extracellular influx through the opening of TRPM2 channels .
Cinchonine ((8R,9S)-Cinchonine) monohydrochloride hydrate is a natural compound which has been effectively used as antimalarial agent. Cinchonine monohydrochloride hydrate activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells. Cinchonine monohydrochloride hydrate is also an inhibitor of human platelet aggregation. Cinchonine monohydrochloride hydrate possesses a suppressive effect on adipogenesis .
β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate (ABA-GE) is a hydrolyzable abscisic acid (ABA) conjugate that accumulates in the vacuole and presumably also in the endoplasmic reticulum. The deconjugation of β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate allows the rapid formation of free ABA in response to abiotic stress conditions such as dehydration and salt stress. β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate contributes to the maintenance of ABA homeostasis .
Ipomoeassin F is a potent and selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-translocation inhibitor by targeting the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 complex (Sec61α) at the ER membrane. Ipomoeassin F selectively inhibits the ER membrane translocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Ipomoeassin F block the ER translocation of secretory proteins and type I transmembrane proteins (TMPs), but not type III TMPs .
α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation . α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells . α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1 .
α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) sodium is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid sodium inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation . α-Lipoic Acid sodium induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells . α-Lipoic Acid sodium can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1 .
Doxorubicinol, a potent inhibitor of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, inhibits systolic myocardial function in isolated heart muscle. Doxorubicinol inhibits tumor cell growth and has cardiotoxicity.
ABTL-0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy. ABTL-0812 is a first-in-class small molecule with anti-cancer activity .
L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a neurotoxic secondary metabolite (SM) made by Aspergillus flavus, is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (Ca 2+ATPase; SERCA) and a potent inducer of cell death in plants .
Cristacarpin can be extracted from the stem bark of Erythrina suberosa, promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to sublethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ultimately cell death through senescence .
Dehydroeffusol is a phenanthrene from medicinal herb Juncus effuses. Dehydroeffusol inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity by selectively inducing tumor-suppressive endoplasmic reticulum stress and a moderate apoptosis. It shows very low toxicity .
Cinchonine hydrochloride ((8R,9S)-Cinchonine hydrochloride) is a natural alkaloid present in Cinchona bark, with antimalarial activity. Cinchonine hydrochloride activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .
Ganoderic acid F is a ganoderic acid. Ganoderic acid F exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic activities through inhibition of angiogenesis and alteration of proteins involving cell proliferation and/or cell death, carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress .
Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, is an inhibitor of microsomal Ca 2+-ATPase. Thapsigargin efficiently inhibits coronavirus (HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) replication in different cell types .
Questiomycin A (Phx-3) is a GRP78 (cytoprotective endoplasmic reticulum chaperone) degrader and enhances the anticancer activity of Sorafenib. Questiomycin A is also an antimicrobial/antibiotic that can be obtained from the metabolite of Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66. Questiomycin A can be used in research on biological control of cancer and plant diseases .
Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and autophagy and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .
Epimedokoreanin B is a natural flavonoid with anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Epimedokoreanin B inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis accompanied by autophagosome accumulation. Epimedokoreanin B is an anti-periodontitis agent that inhibits gingipains and Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and biofilm formation .
Brefeldin A (BFA) is a lactone antibiotic and a specific inhibitor of protein trafficking. Brefeldin A blocks the transport of secreted and membrane proteins from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus . Brefeldin A is also an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor . Brefeldin A is a CRISPR/Cas9 activator . Brefeldin A inhibits HSV-1 and has anti-cancer activity .
Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from Penicillium paxilli, acts as a potent BK channels inhibitor by an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline also inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) with IC50s between 5 μM and 50 μM for differing isoforms. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity .
N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin is a polyphenol isolated from the seeds of safflower and has antioxidative, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin inhibits PDGF-induced on phosphorylation of PDGF receptor and Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum . N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin ameliorates atherosclerosis and distensibility of the aortic wall in vivo and is usually used for the atherosclerosis research .
1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride is a selective class I α1,2-mannosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 20 μM. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride is also a N-linked glycosylation inhibitor and inhibits HIV‐1 strains. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride has antiviral activity .
Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties . Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation . Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress .
Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits N-linked glycosylation and blocks GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces ER stress, and causes blocking of DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Tunicamycin inhibits gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses and has anti-cancer activity .Tunicamycin increases exosome release in cervical cancer cells .
Xestospongin C ((-)-Xestospongin C) is a selective, reversible inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor. Xestospongin C acts as an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump of internal stores. Xestospongin C blocks IP3-induced Ca 2+ release from cerebellar microsomes with an IC50 of 358 nM. Xestospongin C is a valuable tool for investigating the structure and function of IP3Rs and Ca 2+ signaling in neuronal and nonneuronal cells .
α-Lipoic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Lipoic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation . α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells . α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1 .
HSPA5/GRP-78 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that coordinates protein folding and quality control. It cooperates with DNAJC10/ERdj5 to facilitate correct protein folding and participates in the degradation of misfolded proteins, potentially releasing DNAJC10/ERdj5. HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived HSPA5/GRP-78 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein, Human (His) is 269 a.a., with molecular weight of ~33.6 kDa.
ERAP2 protein, a key aminopeptidase, plays a pivotal role in peptide trimming, crucial for generating peptides binding to HLA class I molecules. By selectively hydrolyzing basic residues like Arginine (Arg) and Lysine (Lys), ERAP2 precisely customizes longer precursor peptides, ensuring optimal length for effective presentation on MHC class I molecules. ERAP2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived ERAP2 protein, expressed by HEK293, with N-His, N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of ERAP2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 905 a.a., with molecular weight of 115-125 kDa.
Contrary to expectations, the ERP29 protein does not exhibit disulfide isomerase activity. Its function is critical in the processing of secreted proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may contribute to the folding of proteins in this cellular compartment. ERP29 Protein, Human (GST) is the recombinant human-derived ERP29 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of ERP29 Protein, Human (GST) is 212 a.a., with molecular weight of ~51.0 kDa.
The calreticulin/CALR protein acts as a calcium-binding partner and promotes endoplasmic reticulum folding, assembly, and quality control. It interacts with monoglucosylated glycoproteins and mediates nuclear export of the NR3C1 DNA-binding domain. Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Mouse (GST) is the recombinant mouse-derived Calreticulin/CALR protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Mouse (GST) is 399 a.a., with molecular weight of ~73.3 kDa.
Calreticulin (CALR) is an essential calcium-binding chaperone involved in ER functions. It interacts with glycoproteins, facilitates NR3C1 nuclear export, regulates maternal gene expression, and aids in oocyte maturation. CALR is released during oocyte activation and prevents polyspermy. It forms an EIF2 complex with CELF1/CUGBP1, CALR3, EIF2S1, EIF2S2, HSP90B1, and HSPA5 and interacts with PDIA3/ERp57, SPACA9, TRIM21, PPIB, PDIA5, and CLCC1. Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Pig (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant pig-derived Calreticulin/CALR protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Pig (P.pastoris, His) is 400 a.a., with molecular weight of ~48.6 kDa.
Protein Disulfide-Isomerase A4; Endoplasmic reticulum Resident Protein 70; ER Protein 70; ERp70; Endoplasmic reticulum Resident Protein 72; ER Protein 72; ERp-72; ERp72; PDIA4; ERP70; ERP72
The PDIA4 protein plays a key role in the chaperone complex, cooperating with various proteins. This dynamic assembly, including DNAJB11, HSP90B1 and others, orchestrates complex cellular processes. PDIA4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PDIA4 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PDIA4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 625 a.a., with molecular weight of ~75.0 kDa.
TXNDC5 Protein, an endoplasmic reticulum lumen-based disulfide isomerase, crucially aids in forming disulfide bonds for protein stability and function. Its ability to reduce disulfide bonds in insulin highlights its role in intricate protein folding processes. TXNDC5's functional attributes make it a key player in preserving the structural integrity of endoplasmic reticulum proteins, contributing to cellular homeostasis. TXNDC5 Protein, Human (GST) is the recombinant human-derived TXNDC5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of TXNDC5 Protein, Human (GST) is 324 a.a., with molecular weight of ~63.2 kDa.
VCP proteins are indispensable for Golgi stack dynamics, coordinating fragmentation during mitosis and postmitotic reorganization. It actively promotes the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER), enables ATP-dependent vesicle budding, and enables membrane transfer to the Golgi apparatus. VCP Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived VCP protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of VCP Protein, Human (His) is 588 a.a., with molecular weight of ~75.0 kDa.
The calreticulin/CALR protein acts as a calcium-binding partner and promotes endoplasmic reticulum folding, assembly, and quality control. It interacts with monoglucosylated glycoproteins and mediates nuclear export of the NR3C1 DNA-binding domain. Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Calreticulin/CALR protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is 399 a.a., with molecular weight of ~48.3 kDa.
The calreticulin/CALR protein acts as a calcium-binding partner and promotes endoplasmic reticulum folding, assembly, and quality control. It interacts with monoglucosylated glycoproteins and mediates nuclear export of the NR3C1 DNA-binding domain. Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His, solution) is the recombinant mouse-derived Calreticulin/CALR protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His, solution) is 399 a.a., with molecular weight of ~48.3 kDa.
Thioredoxin Domain-Containing Protein 12; Endoplasmic reticulum Resident Protein 18; ER Protein 18; ERp18; Endoplasmic reticulum Resident Protein 19; ER Protein 19; ERp19; Thioredoxin-Like Protein p19; hTLP19; TXNDC12; TLP19
The TXNDC12 protein is an important endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein disulfide bond reductase that plays a key role in promoting disulfide bond formation in client proteins. As an essential component of cellular machinery, TXNDC12 contributes to complex protein folding processes, highlighting its importance in maintaining correct protein structure and function. TXNDC12 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived TXNDC12 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of TXNDC12 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 142 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.0 kDa.
The ERP27 protein has a unique role in that it can specifically bind unfolded proteins and recruit the protein disulfide isomerase PDIA3 to the substrate through the hydrophobic pocket in its C-terminal domain. This interaction implies that ERP27 is involved in the unfolding stress response and resolves challenges in cellular proteostasis. ERP27 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived ERP27 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of ERP27 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 248 a.a., with molecular weight of 32-38 kDa.
STING1 is a promoter of innate immune signaling, a key sensor of bacterial and viral cytoplasmic DNA, and promotes the production of type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). This innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA delivered to the cytoplasm from various pathogens. STING1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived STING1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of STING1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 378 a.a., with molecular weight of 48.9 kDa.
KDELR2 Protein, a membrane receptor, crucially maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins' localization. It binds the K-D-E-L sequence motif, retaining these proteins within the ER. This interaction facilitates vesicle-mediated recycling, ensuring proper subcellular localization through Golgi-to-ER protein return. KDELR2's pH-dependent binding, optimal at pH 5-5.4, underscores the regulatory role of pH in this vital cellular process. KDELR2 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived KDELR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of KDELR2 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 212 a.a., with molecular weight of 26.0 kDa.
The HSPA5/GRP-78 protein is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone involved in protein folding and quality control. It interacts with DNAJC10/ERdj5 to fold and degrade misfolded proteins. HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived HSPA5/GRP-78 protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-6*His, N-His labeled tag. The total length of HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is 636 a.a., with molecular weight of ~72.5 kDa.
HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein serves as a crucial endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, playing a pivotal role in protein folding and quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. It engages in correct protein folding and participates in the degradation of misfolded proteins, collaborating with DNAJC10/ERdj5 to facilitate the release of DNAJC10/ERdj5 from its substrate. Furthermore, HSPA5/GRP-78 acts as a key repressor of the ERN1/IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). In the unstressed endoplasmic reticulum, it is recruited by DNAJB9/ERdj4 to the luminal region of ERN1/IRE1, disrupting the dimerization of ERN1/IRE1 and consequently inactivating it. The accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers the release of HSPA5/BiP from ERN1/IRE1, allowing for homodimerization and the subsequent activation of ERN1/IRE1. Additionally, HSPA5/GRP-78 plays an auxiliary role in the post-translational transport of small presecretory proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum and may function as an allosteric modulator for the SEC61 channel-forming translocon complex. It is suggested to cooperate with SEC62 to enable the productive insertion of these precursors into the SEC61 channel. The protein appears to specifically regulate the translocation of precursors with inhibitory residues in their mature region, which weaken channel gating. Beyond its role in protein folding, HSPA5/GRP-78 may also contribute to apoptosis and cell proliferation. HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His, solution) is the recombinant mouse-derived HSPA5/GRP-78 protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His, solution) is 636 a.a., with molecular weight of ~72.5 kDa.
Erlin-1; Endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft-associated protein 1; Protein KE04; Stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflC/K domain-containing protein 1; SPFH domain-containing protein 1
The ERLIN1 protein is an important component of the ERLIN1/ERLIN2 complex and plays a key role in mediating endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). In addition to participating in ERAD, ERLIN1 also regulates cellular cholesterol homeostasis by regulating the SREBP signaling pathway. ERLIN1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived ERLIN1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of ERLIN1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 348 a.a., with molecular weight of 42.0 kDa.
Protein Disulfide-Isomerase A6; Endoplasmic reticulum Protein 5; ER Protein 5; ERp5; Protein Disulfide Isomerase P5; Thioredoxin Domain-Containing Protein 7; PDIA6; ERP5; P5; TXNDC7
PDIA6 protein has molecular chaperone activity, which can inhibit the aggregation of misfolded proteins and contribute to quality control. It negatively regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) by binding to ERN1 and inhibiting its signaling. PDIA6 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PDIA6 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PDIA6 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 421 a.a., with molecular weight of ~52.0 kDa.
MAN1B1, integral to glycoprotein quality control, trims a single alpha-1,2-linked mannose from Man(9)GlcNAc(2), producing Man(8)GlcNAc(2). In the ERQC, elevated enzyme concentrations allow further trimming to Man(5-6)GlcNAc(2). This enzymatic function is crucial for glycoprotein processing and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum, ensuring proper folding and maturation. MAN1B1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived MAN1B1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of MAN1B1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 594 a.a., with molecular weight of 58-80 kDa.
The calreticulin/CALR protein is a calcium-binding molecular chaperone that promotes ER folding and quality control. It interacts with monoglucosylated glycoproteins and promotes nuclear export of NR3C1. Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Calreticulin/CALR protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Calreticulin/CALR Protein, Human (His) is 400 a.a., with molecular weight of ~50.6 kDa.
4-Phenylbutyric acid-d11 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
PERK-IN-4-d3 is the deuterium labeled PERK-IN-4. PERK-IN-4 is a potent and selective PERK (protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 0.3 nM. PERK is activated in response to a variety of endoplasmic reticulum stresses implicated in numerous disease states[1].
Phenylbutyrate-d11 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA sodium) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research[1].
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d5 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4 is deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4 (sodium) is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
4-Phenylbutyric acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
L-Homocystine-d8 is the deuterium labeled L-Homocystine. L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
4-Phenylbutyric acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research[2][3][4].
α-Lipoic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled α-Lipoic Acid. α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4].
Melatonin-d7 is the deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].
Melatonin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].
PERK Antibody is a non-conjugated and Rabbit origined monoclonal antibody about 125 kDa, targeting to PERK. It can be used for WB assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
Phospho-PERK (Thr982) Antibody is a non-conjugated and Rabbit origined polyclonal antibody about 125 kDa, targeting to Phospho-PERK (Thr982). It can be used for ICC/IF,WB,IHC-F,IHC-P,ELISA assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
Phospho-IRE1 (Ser724) Antibody is a non-conjugated and Rabbit origined monoclonal antibody about 110 kDa, targeting to Phospho-IRE1 (Ser724). It can be used for WB,IP assays with tag free, in the background of Human.
HSPA5; GRP78; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein; GRP-78; Endoplasmic reticulum lumenal Ca(2+)-binding protein grp78; Heat shock 70 kDa protein 5; Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein; BiP
WB, ICC/IF, IP
Human, Mouse, Rat
GRP78 BiP Antibody (YA746) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 72 kDa, targeting to GRP78 BiP (4F11). It can be used for WB,ICC/IF,IP assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
Phospho-PERK (Thr980) Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 119 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-PERK (Thr980) polyclonal antibody. Phospho-PERK (Thr980) Antibody can be used for: WB, ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, Flow-Cyt, IF expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: dog, pig, cow, rabbit background without labeling.
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