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Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, human is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. Histidyl-tRNA synthetase has been found to act as a particularly important antigen in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatic arthritis or myositis .
Asparagine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. Asparagine-tRNA ligase belongs to the ligase family. Asparagine-tRNA ligase is involved in alanine and aspartate metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-2 (Compound 14) is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) inhibitor. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-2 can be used for development of a new family of antibiotics .
2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells .
A201A is a aminoacylnucleoside antibiotic with antibacterial activities. A201A is highly effective against Gram-positive and most Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. A201A inhibits tRNA accommodation during translation .
3'-Deoxy-3'-amino-ATP, an ATP analogue, is a potent and competitive inhibitor of ATP, with a Ki of 2.3 μM. 3'-Deoxy-3'-amino-ATP can be used to synthesis of 3′-Amino-3′-deoxy transfer RNA by incorporation into the 3' terminus of tRNA-C-C .
RNPA1000, an antibiotic, is a potent RnpA inhibitor and inhibits RnpA-mediated cellular RNA degradation. RNPA1000 inhibits tRNA maturation with an IC50 of 175 μM. RNPA1000 displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and inhibits staphylococcal and all Gram-positive bacterial pathogens activity .
N6-Isopentenyladenosine (Riboprine), an RNA modification found in cytokinins, which regulate plant growth/differentiation, and a subset of tRNAs, where it improves the efficiency and accuracy of translation. N6-Isopentenyladenosine, an end product of the mevalonate pathway, is an autophagy inhibitor with an interesting anti-melanoma activity .
1-Methylinosine-d3 is the deuterium labeled 1-Methylinosine. 1-Methylinosine is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3' to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA[1].
LysRs-IN-2 is a lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.015 μM and 0.13 μM for Plasmodium falciparum lysyl-tRNA synthetase (PfKRS) and Cryptosporidium parvum lysyl-tRNA synthetase (CpKRS), respectively .
2'-O-Methylguanosine-d3 is deuterium labeled 2'-O-Methylguanosine (HY-W013260). 2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells.
Pyronin Y (Pyronine G) is a cationic dye that intercalates RNA and has been used to target cell structures including RNA, DNA and organelles. Pyronin Y forms fluorescent complexes with double-stranded nucleic acids (especially RNA) enabling semi-quantitative analysis of cellular RNA. Pyronin Y can be used to identify specific RNA subspecies of ribonuclear proteins complexes in live cells .
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (7-Chlorotetracycline hydrochloride) is a specific and potent calcium ionophore antibiotic, inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes.
ThrRS-IN-1 (Compound 30d) is a threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 µM and a Kd of 1.36 µM against Salmonella enterica ThrRS (SeThrRS). ThrRS-IN-1 simultaneously targets the tRNAThr and L-threonine binding pockets of ThrRS. ThrRS-IN-1 shows potent antibacterial activities .
Asp-AMS, an analogue of aspartyl-adenylate, is an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor and also a strong competitive inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme.
(S)-mchm5U is a hydroxylated form of mcm5U, may be present in tRNA from the silkworm Bombyx mori. (S)-mchm5U may be present also in mammalian tRNA, and that the ALKBH8 oxygenase could be responsible for its formation. (S)-mchm5U can be used for RNA modification synthesis .
4-Piperidinecarboxamide is a mycobacterial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspS) inhibitor. 4-Piperidinecarboxamide is a promising anti-tuberculosis (TB) agent .
Ganfeborole hydrochloride (GSK656) is a potent antitubercular agent, acting as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
Bersiporocin is a prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor. Bersiporocin has an IC50 of ≤100 nM for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS). Bersiporocin can be used for the research of antifibrotic .
Chlortetracycline-d6 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Chlortetracycline hydrochloride. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (7-Chlorotetracycline hydrochloride) is a specific and potent calcium ionophore antibiotic, inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes.
Antibacterial agent 124 (Compound 3) is a potent bacterial prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.18 μM against Staphylococcus aureus ProRS (SaProRS) .
SerSA is a potent inhibitor of seryl-tRNA synthetases. SerSA inhibits EcSerRS, SaSerRS and HsSerRS with IC50s of 0.21, 0.23 and 2.17 μM, respectively .
Antibacterial agent 93 (compound 36l) is a potent aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) inhibitor. Antibacterial agent 93 shows antibacterial activities against some gram-positive and -negative bacteria .
Arg-AMS (compound 24) is a potent nanomolar inhibitor of arginyl tRNA synthetase, which displays tightly bound inhibitory characteristics for the A-domains in non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) enzymes .
Ganfeborole (GSK656 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of M. tuberculosisleucyl-tRNA synthetase, with an IC50 of 0.20 μM. Ganfeborole can be used for the research of tuberculosis .
PfThrRS-IN-1 (compound 11) is a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum threonyl tRNA synthetase (PfThrRS), with the IC50 value of 0.1 μM. PfThrRS-IN-1 is a potent antimalaria agent .
Indolmycin (TAK-083), an antibiotic, is a competitive inhibitor of prokaryotic tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpS). Indolmycin (TAK-083) possesses both anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity .
YH16899 binds Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS), and inhibits membrane translocation of KRS. YH16899 impares the interaction of KRS with 67LR. YH16899 inhibits tumor metastasis in mouse models .
ThrRS-IN-3 (compound 36j) is a highly potent threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 19 nM and a Kd of 34 nM for Salmonella enterica ThrRS. ThrRS-IN-3 has antibacterial activities .
Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (Ksg hydrochloride hydrate) is an antibiotic which binds both the 30S and 70S ribosome but not isolated 50S subunits. Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (Ksg hydrochloride hydrate) mimics mRNA nucleotides to destabilize tRNA binding and inhibit canonical translation initiation .
Kasugamycin hydrochloride (Ksg hydrochloride) is an antibiotic which binds both the 30S and 70S ribosome but not isolated 50S subunits. Kasugamycin hydrochloride (Ksg hydrochloride) mimics mRNA nucleotides to destabilize tRNA binding and inhibit canonical translation initiation .
Demeclocycline is an orally active tetracycline antibiotic. Demeclocycline impairs protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit to inhibit binding of aminoacyl tRNA. Demeclocycline shows anti-bacterial activitise to a wide variety of bacterial infections .
2′-O-Methyluridine-d3 is deuterium labeled 2′-O-Methyluridine (HY-W011824). 2'-O-methyluridine is found in rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and tRNA of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota.
Antibacterial agent 111 (Compound 3) is an antibacterial agent with MIC values of 3.90 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL against B. cereus and K. pneumonia, respectively. Antibacterial agent 111 firmly binds with tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase residues .
Obafluorin is a β-Lactone Antibiotic, that can be produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 39502. Obafluorin exhibits antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Obafluorin fully inhibits E. coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase .
N2-Methylguanosine-d3 is deuterium labeled N2-Methylguanosine (HY-111647). N2-methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside that occurs at several specific locations in many tRNA's.
Epetraborole (GSK2251052) hydrochloride is a novel leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) inhibitor (IC50=0.31 μM), thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Epetraborole hydrochloride can be used in multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens infection research .
Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation .
CRS3123 (REP-3123) dihydrochloride, a fully synthetic antibacterial agent, potently inhibits methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) of Clostridioides difficile, inhibiting Clostridioides difficile toxin production and spore formation. CRS3123 dihydrochloride is an oral agent for the research of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) .
Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity .
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity .
Albomycin is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with Trojan-horse effect. Albomycin is delivered by iron-chelator portion into bacterial through ferrichrome-specific transporter system. Albomycin combats against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Albomycin also serves as an efficient iron-scavenger of producer .
Leu-AMS (compound 6), a leucine analogue, is a potent inhibitor of leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) with an IC50 of 22.34 nM, which inhibits the catalytic activity of LRS but did not affect the leucine-induced mTORC1 activation. Leu-AMS shows cytotoxicity in cancer cells and normal cells, and inhibits the growth of bacteria .
Pseudouridine- 18O is the 18O labeled Pseudouridine (HY-113061). Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation.
Oxytetracycline dihydrate is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline dihydrate potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline dihydrate is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline dihydrate also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity .
Oxytetracycline calcium is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline calcium potently inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline calcium is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline calcium also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity .
Sarecycline hydrochloride is an orally active narrow-spectrum tetracycline derivative antibiotic. Sarecycline hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory activity. Sarecycline hydrochloride inhibits the activity of Gram-positive bacteria and several types of keratobacterium acnes. Sarecycline hydrochloride interferes with tRNA accommodation and tethers mRNA to the 70S ribosome. Sarecycline hydrochloride can be used to study moderate to severe acne
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Sarecycline is an orally effective narrow-spectrum tetracycline derivative antibiotic. Sarecycline has anti-inflammatory activity. Sarecycline inhibits the activity of Gram-positive bacteria and several types of keratobacterium acnes. Sarecycline interferes with tRNA accommodation and tethers mRNA to the 70S ribosome. Sarecycline can be used to study moderate to severe acne .
DS86760016 is a potent leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) inhibitor with activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DS86760016 inhibits LeuRS enzymes from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, with IC50s of 0.38, 0.62, and 0.16 μM, respectively .
CRS3123 is a potent and orally active narrow-spectrum antibiotic. CRS3123 inhibits bacterial methionyl-tRNA synthetase. CRS3123 has potent activity against Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and aerobic Gram-positive bacteria but little activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including anaerobes. CRS3123 has the potential for the research of C. difficile infections .
Antileishmanial agent-27 (compound 7j) is a benzothiazolo-coumarin derivative. Antileishmanial agent-27 is a competitive inhibitor of arginyl-tRNA synthetases (ArgRSs). Antileishmanial agent-27 shows selectivity toward ArgRS of Leishmania donovani (LdArgRS) than its human counterpart (HsArgRS), with IC50 values of 1.2 and 19 μM, respectively. Antileishmanial agent-27 possesses high pharmacokinetic properties .
Virginiamycin S1 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of aminoacyl-tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. Virginiamycin S1 belongs to the type B compounds in the streptogramin family and is produced by Streptomyces virginiae, shows a strong bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. Virginiamycin S1 together with virginiamycin M1 is more effective in treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections [1][2].
Sordarin is a potent diphthamide-dependent eEF2 inhibitor with antifungal properties. Sordarin targets eEF2 so as to inhibit protein translation by blocking eEF2-mediated translocation of tRNAs. Sordarin inhibits translation specifically in certain fungi (e.g. C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. neoformans) while unable to do so in some other fungal species (e.g. Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae) .
LeuRS-IN-1 is a potent, orally active M. tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase (M.tb LeuRS) inhibitor. LeuRS-IN-1 has IC50 and Kd values of 0.06 μM, 0.075 μM for M.tb LeuRS, respectively . LeuRS-IN-1 inhibits human cytoplasmic LeuRS (IC50=38.8 μM), and HepG2 protein synthesis (EC50=19.6 μM) .
LeuRS-IN-1 hydrochloride is a potent, orally active M. tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase (M.tb LeuRS) inhibitor. LeuRS-IN-1 hydrochloride has IC50 and Kd values of 0.06 μM, 0.075 μM for M.tb LeuRS, respectively . LeuRS-IN-1 hydrochloride inhibits human cytoplasmic LeuRS (IC50=38.8 μM), and HepG2 protein synthesis (EC50=19.6 μM) .
Halofuginone (RU-19110), a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM . Halofuginone is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity . Halofuginone is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca 2+ channels. Halofuginone has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects .
Halofuginone (RU-19110) hydrobromid, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM . Halofuginone hydrobromid is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity . Halofuginone hydrobromid is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca 2+ channels. Halofuginone hydrobromid has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects .
Antileishmanial agent-19 (Compound F27) is an antileishmanial agent, with a IC50 of 3.39 μM for L. donovani promastigotes. Antileishmanial agent-19 inhibits Leishmaniaprolyl-tRNA synthetase. Antileishmanial agent-19 inhibits host PI3K/Akt/CREB axis-mediated IL-10 secretion. Antileishmanial agent-19 induces autophagy-mediated apoptosis in L. donovani promastigotes. Antileishmanial agent-19 reduces parasite burden in L.d-infected animals .
Halofuginone (RU-19110) hydrobromid, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone hydrobromid is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity. Halofuginone hydrobromid is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca 2+ channels. Halofuginone hydrobromid has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects .
Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is a bacterial and eukaryal threonyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor which is a nitrile-containing macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces rochei . Borrelidin is an inhibitor of Cdc28/Cln2 of the budding yeast, with an IC50 of 24 μM . Borrelidin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. Borrelidin induces apoptosis in the tube-forming cells . Borrelidin has strong antimalarial activities, with IC50s of 1.9 nM and 1.8 nM against K1 and FCR3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively .
RNA Aptamer Broccoli (sodium) is a 49-nt-long aptamer that is substantially shorter than Spinach and Spinach2 and exhibits bright green fluorescence upon binding DFHBI or DFHBI-1T (soluble analogs of the fluorophore of green fluorescent protein). RNA Aptamer Broccoli (sodium) can be used to visualize RNA expression or localization in live cells. In vitro Broccoli exhibits a similar high folding efficiency as Spinach2, but exhibits markedly lower dependence on magnesium for folding and increased thermostability. Additionally, unlike Spinach2, Broccoli does not require the use of a tRNA scaffold to promote its folding in vivo.
BC-LI-0186 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS; LeuRS) and Ras-related GTP-binding protein D (RagD) interaction (IC50=46.11 nM). BC-LI-0186 competitively binds to the RagD interacting site of LRS (Kd=42.1 nM) and has on effects on LRS-Vps34, LRS-EPRS, RagB-RagD association, mTORC1 complex formation or the activities of 12 kinases. BC-LI-0186 can effectively suppress the activity of cancer-associated MTOR mutants and the growth of rapamycin-resistant cancer cells. BC-LI-0186 is a promising agent for lung cancer research .
Pyronin Y (Pyronine G) is a cationic dye that intercalates RNA and has been used to target cell structures including RNA, DNA and organelles. Pyronin Y forms fluorescent complexes with double-stranded nucleic acids (especially RNA) enabling semi-quantitative analysis of cellular RNA. Pyronin Y can be used to identify specific RNA subspecies of ribonuclear proteins complexes in live cells .
N-Formyl-L-histidine shows binding affinity to histidyl-tRNA synthetase with a Ki value of 4.6 μM. N-Formyl-L-histidine shows a competitive inhibition against L-histidine ammonia-lyase, inhibits urocanic acid formation from L-histidine with a Ki value of 4.26 mM .
MOTS-c (human) is a biological active peptide. (Recent advances in high-resolution sequencing have led to the discovery of unique peptides derived from mitochondrial genome.1-2 Currently 8 peptides are identified: humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S tRNA-c (MOTS-c), and six small humanin-like peptides (SHLP1-6). 1-2 All of these peptides are released into cytosol from mitochondria and associate with increased longevity and cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and other beneficial functions. 1-3 MOTS-c was found to reduce insulin resistance, decrease obesity, and promote homeostasis.)
MCE Blasticidin S, Sterile is a peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes. It acts by blocking hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA induced by release factors and inhibits peptide bond formation.
N6-Isopentenyladenosine (Riboprine), an RNA modification found in cytokinins, which regulate plant growth/differentiation, and a subset of tRNAs, where it improves the efficiency and accuracy of translation. N6-Isopentenyladenosine, an end product of the mevalonate pathway, is an autophagy inhibitor with an interesting anti-melanoma activity .
A201A is a aminoacylnucleoside antibiotic with antibacterial activities. A201A is highly effective against Gram-positive and most Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. A201A inhibits tRNA accommodation during translation .
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (7-Chlorotetracycline hydrochloride) is a specific and potent calcium ionophore antibiotic, inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes.
Kasugamycin hydrochloride (Ksg hydrochloride) is an antibiotic which binds both the 30S and 70S ribosome but not isolated 50S subunits. Kasugamycin hydrochloride (Ksg hydrochloride) mimics mRNA nucleotides to destabilize tRNA binding and inhibit canonical translation initiation .
Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation .
Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity .
Oxytetracycline calcium is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline calcium potently inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline calcium is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline calcium also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity .
Virginiamycin S1 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of aminoacyl-tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. Virginiamycin S1 belongs to the type B compounds in the streptogramin family and is produced by Streptomyces virginiae, shows a strong bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. Virginiamycin S1 together with virginiamycin M1 is more effective in treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections [1][2].
Halofuginone (RU-19110), a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM . Halofuginone is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity . Halofuginone is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca 2+ channels. Halofuginone has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects .
Halofuginone (RU-19110) hydrobromid, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM . Halofuginone hydrobromid is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity . Halofuginone hydrobromid is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca 2+ channels. Halofuginone hydrobromid has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects .
Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is a bacterial and eukaryal threonyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor which is a nitrile-containing macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces rochei . Borrelidin is an inhibitor of Cdc28/Cln2 of the budding yeast, with an IC50 of 24 μM . Borrelidin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. Borrelidin induces apoptosis in the tube-forming cells . Borrelidin has strong antimalarial activities, with IC50s of 1.9 nM and 1.8 nM against K1 and FCR3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively .
METTL1, the catalytic component of the METTL1-WDR4 methyltransferase complex, is instrumental in mediating the formation of N(7)-methylguanine in various RNA species, including tRNAs, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Specifically, METTL1 catalyzes the addition of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) within a significant subset of tRNAs containing the 5'-RAGGU-3' motif in the variable loop. This modification, such as m7G46, stabilizes tRNA tertiary structure and shields tRNAs from decay. METTL1 also serves as a methyltransferase for internal N(7)-methylguanine in mRNAs, particularly in response to stress, leading to the relocalization of methylated mRNAs to stress granules and consequent translational suppression. Furthermore, METTL1 methylates specific miRNAs, including let-7, facilitating let-7 miRNA processing by disrupting inhibitory secondary structures within primary miRNA transcripts. Beyond its role in RNA modification, METTL1 emerges as a regulator of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. METTL1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived METTL1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of METTL1 Protein, Human (His) is 234 a.a., with molecular weight of ~30 kDa.
The DNMT2 protein exhibits remarkable specificity by selectively methylating cytosine 38 within the anticodon loop of tRNA (Asp). This site-specific methylation is critical for epigenetic modification of transfer RNA, affecting its structure, stability, and functional interactions. DNMT2 Protein, Human (sf9, GST) is the recombinant human-derived DNMT2 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of DNMT2 Protein, Human (sf9, GST) is 391 a.a., with molecular weight of ~60 kDa.
TRMT112 Protein activates various methyltransferases for rRNA, tRNA, and protein modifications. Partnering with BUD23, it methylates 18S rRNA's guanine N(7). With N6AMT1/HEMK2, it catalyzes N5-methylation of ETF1 on 'Gln-185' and monomethylates 'Lys-12' of histone H4 (H4K12me1). Collaborating with ALKBH8, TRMT112 methylates 5-carboxymethyl uridine to 5-methylcarboxymethyl uridine in specific tRNA species. With THUMPD3, it contributes to N(2)-methylguanosine formation in various tRNA substrates. TRMT112 and METTL5 methylate adenine's 6th position in 18S rRNA. Its involvement in pre-rRNA processing aids small-subunit rRNA production, and diverse interactions with BUD23, N6AMT1/HEMK2, ALKBH8, and METTL5 highlight its regulatory functions. Interactions with THUMPD3, THUMPD2, and TRMT11 underscore its intricate role in these processes. TRMT112 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived TRMT112 protein, expressed by E. coli, with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of TRMT112 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is 125 a.a., with molecular weight of ~30.2 kDa.
FTO protein is an RNA demethylase that regulates fat mass, lipogenesis, and energy homeostasis by targeting N(6)-methyladenosine in mRNA. It also demethylates m6A in U6 snRNA and m6A(m) in 5'-cap, affecting mRNA stability. FTO Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived FTO protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of FTO Protein, Human is 474 a.a., .
FTO protein is an RNA demethylase that regulates fat mass, lipogenesis, and energy homeostasis by targeting N(6)-methyladenosine in mRNA. It also demethylates m6A in U6 snRNA and m6A(m) in 5'-cap, affecting mRNA stability. FTO Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived FTO protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of FTO Protein, Human (His) is 474 a.a., .
The KARS protein promotes attachment of amino acids to its cognate tRNA through a two-step reaction, inducing immune responses through monocyte/macrophage activation. In microbial infections, it interacts with the HIV-1 GAG protein to enable selective tRNA(3)(Lys) packaging to initiate reverse transcription. KARS Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived KARS protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of KARS Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 596 a.a., with molecular weight of 70-90 kDa.
The Alanyl-tRNA synthetase protein facilitates a two-step process, activating alanine with ATP to form Ala-AMP and transferring it to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Additionally, it corrects incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) through its editing domain. Alanyl-tRNA synthetase Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived Alanyl-tRNA synthetase protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Alanyl-tRNA synthetase Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 968 a.a., with molecular weight of ~109.2 kDa.
AARS1, a pivotal enzyme in protein synthesis, plays a crucial role in the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) through a two-step process. Initially, alanine undergoes activation by ATP to form Ala-AMP, and subsequently, it is transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Beyond its primary aminoacylation function, AARS1 boasts an editing domain that enables the correction of incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala), underscoring its role in maintaining the fidelity of the translation process. This dual functionality highlights AARS1's significance in ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the protein synthesis machinery. AARS1 Protein, Mouse (sf9, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived AARS1 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of AARS1 Protein, Mouse (sf9, His) is 968 a.a., with molecular weight of ~108 kDa.
AARSD1 Protein actively functions in trans to edit the amino acid moiety from incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala). AARSD1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived AARSD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of AARSD1 Protein, Human (His) is 350 a.a., with molecular weight of ~40 KDa.
The DTD1 protein, as a potential ATPase, may participate in DNA replication by helping to load CDC45 onto the prereplication complex. In addition, it can also act as an aminoacyl-tRNA editing enzyme, specifically deacylating erroneous D-aminoacyl-tRNA and erroneous glycyl-tRNA (Ala). DTD1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived DTD1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of DTD1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 209 a.a., with molecular weight of ~30.0 kDa.
GARS, a pivotal enzyme, facilitates the ATP-dependent ligation of glycine to the 3'-end of its corresponding tRNA through the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (Gly-AMP). This process is crucial for protein synthesis and maintaining the fidelity of the genetic code. Additionally, GARS exhibits a unique capability to generate diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal signaling molecule involved in diverse cell regulation pathways, by directly condensing two ATP molecules. This dual enzymatic activity underscores the multifaceted role of GARS in both fundamental cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, and the modulation of signaling cascades through Ap4A, suggesting its potential significance in Ap4A homeostasis. GARS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived GARS protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of GARS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 739 a.a., with molecular weight of ~85.5 kDa.
DARS Protein, a central player, catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP, maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. It also exhibits nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, producing various nucleoside triphosphates. At a low rate, DARS participates in thiamine triphosphate synthesis from thiamine diphosphate and ADP, showcasing its multifaceted role in nucleotide metabolism. DARS Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived DARS protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of DARS Protein, Human (His) is 501 a.a., with molecular weight of ~47 kDa.
WARS includes isomer 1, isomer 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS, and has aminoacylation activity, except T2-TrpRS. Unlike isoform 1, isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS, exhibit vasostatic activity. WARS Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived WARS protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of WARS Protein, Human (His) is 471 a.a., with molecular weight of ~60.0 kDa.
NARS, a pivotal enzyme in protein synthesis, plays a crucial role in the attachment of asparagine to tRNA(Asn) through a meticulously orchestrated two-step process. Initially, asparagine undergoes activation by ATP, resulting in the formation of Asn-AMP. Subsequently, this activated asparagine is diligently transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asn). Beyond its fundamental involvement in protein synthesis, NARS assumes an additional role as a signaling molecule capable of inducing the migration of CCR3-expressing cells. The multifaceted functions of NARS extend to the realm of developmental processes, where it emerges as an indispensable contributor to the proper proliferation of radial glial cells, particularly in the development of the cerebral cortex. The intricate interplay of NARS in both protein synthesis and cellular signaling underscores its significance in fundamental biological processes. NARS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived NARS protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of NARS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 548 a.a., with molecular weight of ~65.3 kDa.
WARS includes isomer 1, isomer 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS, and has aminoacylation activity, except T2-TrpRS. Unlike isoform 1, isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS, exhibit vasostatic activity. WARS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived WARS protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of WARS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 470 a.a., with molecular weight of ~55 kDa.
HARS, a pivotal enzyme, orchestrates the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'-end of its corresponding tRNA by forming an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP). This critical step in protein synthesis ensures the accurate incorporation of histidine into nascent polypeptide chains. Beyond its fundamental role in translation, HARS also emerges as a multifunctional player, contributing to axon guidance processes. The involvement of HARS in axon guidance highlights its participation in broader cellular functions, extending its significance beyond its canonical role in aminoacylation. HARS/HisRS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived HARS/HisRS protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of HARS/HisRS Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 508 a.a., with molecular weight of ~59.6 kDa.
PTRH2, an enzyme with potential peptidyl-tRNA affinity, promotes caspase-independent apoptosis. It regulates transcriptional regulators AES and TLE1, contributing to the intricate machinery governing apoptotic processes. PTRH2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PTRH2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of PTRH2 Protein, Human (His) is 117 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14 kDa.
The QPCT protein plays a key role in pyroglutamyl peptide biosynthesis and exhibits substrate preference for N-terminal glutamine residues while showing specificity for residues near the N-terminus. Notably, its catalytic activity is independent of chain length beyond the second residue, emphasizing the importance of QPCT in the precise biosynthesis of pyroglutamyl peptides with diverse N-termini, contributing to various biological background. QPCT Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived QPCT protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-His, N-Myc labeled tag. The total length of QPCT Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 327 a.a., with molecular weight of ~41.6 kDa.
The TsaE protein is essential for the generation of the threonylcarbamoyl group at adenosine position 37 (t(6)A37) in the tRNA that decodes the adenine start codon. It may facilitate the transfer of the threoncarbamoyl moiety from threoncarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37, acting synergistically with TsaD and TsaB. TsaE Protein, E.coli is the recombinant E. coli-derived TsaE protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of TsaE Protein, E.coli is 153 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.9 kDa.
1-Methylinosine-d3 is the deuterium labeled 1-Methylinosine. 1-Methylinosine is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3' to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA[1].
Chlortetracycline-d6 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Chlortetracycline hydrochloride. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (7-Chlorotetracycline hydrochloride) is a specific and potent calcium ionophore antibiotic, inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes.
2′-O-Methyluridine-d3 is deuterium labeled 2′-O-Methyluridine (HY-W011824). 2'-O-methyluridine is found in rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and tRNA of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota.
N2-Methylguanosine-d3 is deuterium labeled N2-Methylguanosine (HY-111647). N2-methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside that occurs at several specific locations in many tRNA's.
Pseudouridine- 18O is the 18O labeled Pseudouridine (HY-113061). Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation.
DA transporter; DAT 1; DAT; DAT1; SC6A3_HUMAN; SLC6A3; Sodium dependent dopamine transporter; Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter; Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter dopamine), member 3; Solute carrier family 6 member 3; Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR); dopamine transporter; ADAT 1; Adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1; HADAT1; tRNA specific adenosine deaminase 1.
WB; ELISA; IHC-P; IHC-F; IF
Human, Mouse, Rat(predicted: Dog, Cow)
Dopamine Transporter Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 68 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-Dopamine Transporter polyclonal antibody. Dopamine Transporter Antibody can be used for: WB, ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: dog, cow background without labeling.
L-Azidonorleucine hydrochloride, an unnatural amino acid, is A Methionine surrogate. L-Azidonorleucine hydrochloride can be used to label mammalian cell proteins and identify a diverse set of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) mutants . L-Azidonorleucine (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
UAA crosslinker 1 hydrochloride is an amber codon used for non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) incorporation. The ncAAs can be incorporated into proteins in vivo by making use of the promiscuous activity of certain wildtype and engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases . UAA crosslinker 1 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
UAA crosslinker 1 hydrochloride is an amber codon used for non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) incorporation. The ncAAs can be incorporated into proteins in vivo by making use of the promiscuous activity of certain wildtype and engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases . UAA crosslinker 1 (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
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