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(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2  (Synonyms: (R,R)-Ketone Ester)

Cat. No.: HY-15344 Purity: ≥95.0%
COA Handling Instructions

(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 ((R,R)-Ketone Ester), a ketone monoester, can be used as a source of oral nutritional ketones. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 can elevate plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, blood glucose, blood Na+ levels and blood creatinine levels after oral administration in mice. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 can partly prevent muscle weakness in septic mice. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 has potential to improve exercise performance and endurance in animal body. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 can also be used to research Parkinson’s disease or diabetes.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 Chemical Structure

(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1208313-97-6

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 ((R,R)-Ketone Ester), a ketone monoester, can be used as a source of oral nutritional ketones. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 can elevate plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, blood glucose, blood Na+ levels and blood creatinine levels after oral administration in mice. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 can partly prevent muscle weakness in septic mice. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 has potential to improve exercise performance and endurance in animal body. (R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 can also be used to research Parkinson’s disease or diabetes[1][2][3].

In Vivo

(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 (D-3HHB) increases specific muscle force, moderately raises blood glucose concentrations, lowers Aldh3b2 gene expression, increases blood Na+ levels and blood creatinine levels, and reduces plasma free fatty acid concentrations[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Septic mice[1]
Dosage: 10, 20, 40 and 80 mmol/kg/day
Administration: PO
Result: Increased specific muscle force as compared with placebo to 93% of healthy control levels at 40 mmol/kg/day.
Resulted in moderately higher blood glucose concentrations as compared with placebo at 40 mmol/kg/day.
Lowered Aldh3b2 gene expression than with placebo at 40 mmol/kg/day.
Evoked a moderate further increase in blood Na+ levels and increased blood creatinine levels at 20 mmol/kg/day.
Reduced plasma free fatty acid concentrations by 10 or 20 mmol/kg/day.
Hepatic gene expression levels of Aldh1a7 was also reduced by sepsis but increased by D-3HHB.
Molecular Weight

176.21

Formula

C8H16O4

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid-Liquid Mixture

Color

Colorless to light yellow

SMILES

C[C@@H](O)CC(OCC[C@H](O)C)=O

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Pure form -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (567.50 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (567.50 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.6750 mL 28.3752 mL 56.7505 mL
5 mM 1.1350 mL 5.6750 mL 11.3501 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (31.21 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (55.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (31.21 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (55.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (567.50 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥95.0%

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 5.6750 mL 28.3752 mL 56.7505 mL 141.8762 mL
5 mM 1.1350 mL 5.6750 mL 11.3501 mL 28.3752 mL
10 mM 0.5675 mL 2.8375 mL 5.6750 mL 14.1876 mL
15 mM 0.3783 mL 1.8917 mL 3.7834 mL 9.4584 mL
20 mM 0.2838 mL 1.4188 mL 2.8375 mL 7.0938 mL
25 mM 0.2270 mL 1.1350 mL 2.2700 mL 5.6750 mL
30 mM 0.1892 mL 0.9458 mL 1.8917 mL 4.7292 mL
40 mM 0.1419 mL 0.7094 mL 1.4188 mL 3.5469 mL
50 mM 0.1135 mL 0.5675 mL 1.1350 mL 2.8375 mL
60 mM 0.0946 mL 0.4729 mL 0.9458 mL 2.3646 mL
80 mM 0.0709 mL 0.3547 mL 0.7094 mL 1.7735 mL
100 mM 0.0568 mL 0.2838 mL 0.5675 mL 1.4188 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2
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