2. Immunology/Inflammation Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. COX NO Synthase Cytochrome P450
  4. Ginsenoside C-K

Ginsenoside C-K  (Synonyms: Ginsenoside compound K; Ginsenoside K)

Cat. No.: HY-N0904 Purity: ≥98.0%
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Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Ginsenoside C-K Chemical Structure

Ginsenoside C-K Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 39262-14-1

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 89 In-stock
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 89 In-stock
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1 mg USD 30 In-stock
5 mg USD 65 In-stock
10 mg USD 105 In-stock
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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Ginsenoside C-K:

Ginsenoside C-K Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Ginsenoside C-K purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Jan 11.  [Abstract]

    Ginsenoside C-K (CK; 0.3, 3, 30 nM) significantly suppresses expression of Nlrp3, Gsdmd, IL18, and Txnip mRNA levels (fig C-D), as well as promotes the mRNA expression of Col2a1(fig E), in a dose-dependent manner in chondrocytes.

    Ginsenoside C-K purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Jan 11.  [Abstract]

    Ginsenoside C-K (CK; 0.3, 3, 30 nM; 1 h) significantly suppresses GSDMD and caspase-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, in chondrocytes.

    View All COX Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    COX COX-1 COX-2 COX-3

    View All Cytochrome P450 Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    CYP1 CYP2 CYP3 CYP4 CYP11 CYP17 Aromatase/CYP19A1 CYP26 CYP51 CYP2D6 CYP3A4 CYP17A1

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.

    IC50 & Target[1][4]

    COX-2

     

    iNOS

     

    CYP2C9

    32 μM (IC50)

    CYP2A6

    63.6 μM (IC50)

    In Vitro

    Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects mainly by reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and proinflammatory cytokines. Ginsenoside C-K suppresses the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by downregulating the activities of IRAK-1, MAPKs, IKK-α, and NF-κB in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages. Ginsenoside C-K also suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In zymosan-treated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and RAW264.7 cells, Ginsenoside C-K inhibits inflammatory responses by negatively regulating the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, the activation of MAPKs, and the generation of ROS. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity of Ginsenoside C-K has been observed in LPS-stimulated microglial cells. Ginsenoside C-K hinders inflammatory responses by controlling both the generation of ROS and the activities of MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1[1]. Ginsenoside C-K, a major metabolite of ginsenosides in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibits NF-κB signaling in a PXR-dependent manner. Ginsenoside C-K is shown to promote recovery of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis by suppressing NF-κB activation. Ginsenoside C-K significantly reduces TNF-α-induced upregulation of IL-1β and iNOS mRNA levels, and restores the mRNA levels of PXR and CYP3A4 in LS174T cells[2]. Ginsenoside C-K, one of the intestinal metabolites of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol derivatives, exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes with an IC50 value of 32.0±3.6 μM, a weak inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with an IC50 value of 63.6±4.2 μM, and an even weaker inhibition against the activity of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes with an IC50 value of more than 100 μM[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Ginsenoside C-K Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    The weight of the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice increases slowly and is significantly less than that of the normal DBA/1 mice beginning on d 3 after injection of the emulsion. Ginsenoside C-K (28, 56, and 112 mg/kg) mice recover their weight by d 32 after the emulsion injection. Ginsenoside C-K (56 and 112 mg/kg) and Methotrexate (MTX)-treated (2 mg/kg) mice show significantly increased body weight on d 50 as compared with CIA mice. Hind paw-swelling began on d 24 post-immunization. CIA mice are treated from d 28 to d 50. Arthritis scores are measured every 4 d beginning on d 24. Ginsenoside C-K (56 and 112 mg/kg) significantly reduces the arthritis scores of the mice on d 51[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Molecular Weight

    622.87

    Formula

    C36H62O8
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    C[C@@]([C@@]12C)(CC[C@@]3([H])C4(C)C)[C@@](C[C@@H](O)[C@]1([H])[C@]([C@@](CC/C=C(C)/C)(C)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]5CO)([H])CC2)([H])[C@]3(CC[C@@H]4O)C
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (160.55 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 1.6055 mL 8.0274 mL 16.0547 mL
    5 mM 0.3211 mL 1.6055 mL 3.2109 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

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    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (4.42 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (4.42 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

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    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: ≥98.0%

    COA (255 KB) HNMR (288 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [2]

    LS174T cells are seeded in cell imaging dish. After overnight incubation, cells are treated with ginseng saponin extract (GSE) (100 μg/mL), Rb1 (10 μM), or Ginsenoside C-K (10 μM) for 3 hours, followed by an additional incubation with or without TNF-α (20 ng/mL) for 6 hours. At the end of the incubation, cells are harvested and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution at 20°C for 20 minutes. After washing in PBS, cells are permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS at room temperature for 5 minutes. After incubation in blocking buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin, cells are incubated with rabbit NF-κB p65 antibody at 4°C overnight and then with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody at room temperature for 30 minutes in 1% bovine serum albumin in PBS. Fluorescence photographs are obtained using a Zeiss 710 confocal microscope[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [3]

    Mice[3]
    Specific pathogen-free DBA/1 mice (male, 18±2 g) are used. DBA/1 mice are injected intradermally twice with 0.1 mL of this emulsion (containing 100 mg of chicken type II collagen (CII)/mouse) in the back and the base of the tail. The day of the first immunization is defined as d 0, and the booster injection is administered into the back on d 21. After the onset of arthritis, animals are randomly divided into five groups, and each experimental group consists of ten mice. Mice with CIA are intragastrically administered Ginsenoside C-K (28, 56, or 112 mg/kg) once per day or MTX (2 mg/kg) once every 3 d from d 28 to d 51 after immunization. Normal and CIA mice are administered an equal volume of vehicle (CMC-Na) at the same time[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 1.6055 mL 8.0274 mL 16.0547 mL 40.1368 mL
    5 mM 0.3211 mL 1.6055 mL 3.2109 mL 8.0274 mL
    10 mM 0.1605 mL 0.8027 mL 1.6055 mL 4.0137 mL
    15 mM 0.1070 mL 0.5352 mL 1.0703 mL 2.6758 mL
    20 mM 0.0803 mL 0.4014 mL 0.8027 mL 2.0068 mL
    25 mM 0.0642 mL 0.3211 mL 0.6422 mL 1.6055 mL
    30 mM 0.0535 mL 0.2676 mL 0.5352 mL 1.3379 mL
    40 mM 0.0401 mL 0.2007 mL 0.4014 mL 1.0034 mL
    50 mM 0.0321 mL 0.1605 mL 0.3211 mL 0.8027 mL
    60 mM 0.0268 mL 0.1338 mL 0.2676 mL 0.6689 mL
    80 mM 0.0201 mL 0.1003 mL 0.2007 mL 0.5017 mL
    100 mM 0.0161 mL 0.0803 mL 0.1605 mL 0.4014 mL
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    Ginsenoside C-K Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Ginsenoside C-K39262-14-1Ginsenoside compound K Ginsenoside KCOXNO SynthaseCytochrome P450CyclooxygenaseNitric oxide synthasesNOSCYPsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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