1. Natural Products
  2. Disease Research Fields Endogenous metabolite Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
  3. Metabolic Disease
  4. Tiopronin

Tiopronin is a diffusible antioxidant, an antidote to heavy metal poisoning and a radioprotective agent. Tiopronin can control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion and has the potential for cystinuria, rheumatoid arthritis and hepatic disorders.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Tiopronin Chemical Structure

Tiopronin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1953-02-2

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Solid
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Other Forms of Tiopronin:

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Description

Tiopronin is a diffusible antioxidant, an antidote to heavy metal poisoning and a radioprotective agent. Tiopronin can control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion and has the potential for cystinuria, rheumatoid arthritis and hepatic disorders[1][2].

In Vitro

In in vitro Von Hippel-Lindau protein binding assay, the inhibitory effect of Tiopronin (NMPG) on HPH-2 was attenuated by escalating dose of ascorbate but not 2-ketoglutarate, cofactors of the enzyme[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Tiopronin (NMPG) alleviates colonic injury and effectively lowered myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, NMPG substantially attenuates expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the inflamed colon. NMPG induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in human colon carcinoma cells, leading to elevated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a target gene product of HIF-1 involved in ulcer healing of gastrointestinal mucosa. NMPG induces HIF-1α occurred by inhibiting HIF prolyl hydroxylase-2 (HPH-2), an enzyme that plays a major role in negatively regulating HIF-1α protein stability[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

163.19

Formula

C5H9NO3S

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)CNC(C(S)C)=O

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (612.78 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 100 mg/mL (612.78 mM; Need ultrasonic)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.1278 mL 30.6391 mL 61.2783 mL
5 mM 1.2256 mL 6.1278 mL 12.2557 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

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Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

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Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.32 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.32 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 130 mg/mL (796.62 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 6.1278 mL 30.6391 mL 61.2783 mL 153.1957 mL
5 mM 1.2256 mL 6.1278 mL 12.2557 mL 30.6391 mL
10 mM 0.6128 mL 3.0639 mL 6.1278 mL 15.3196 mL
15 mM 0.4085 mL 2.0426 mL 4.0852 mL 10.2130 mL
20 mM 0.3064 mL 1.5320 mL 3.0639 mL 7.6598 mL
25 mM 0.2451 mL 1.2256 mL 2.4511 mL 6.1278 mL
30 mM 0.2043 mL 1.0213 mL 2.0426 mL 5.1065 mL
40 mM 0.1532 mL 0.7660 mL 1.5320 mL 3.8299 mL
50 mM 0.1226 mL 0.6128 mL 1.2256 mL 3.0639 mL
60 mM 0.1021 mL 0.5107 mL 1.0213 mL 2.5533 mL
80 mM 0.0766 mL 0.3830 mL 0.7660 mL 1.9149 mL
100 mM 0.0613 mL 0.3064 mL 0.6128 mL 1.5320 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Tiopronin
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