2. Academic Validation
  3. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote neurological repair after traumatic brain injury through regulating Treg/Th17 balance

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote neurological repair after traumatic brain injury through regulating Treg/Th17 balance

  • Brain Res. 2022 Jan 15;1775:147711. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147711.
Chong Chen 1,  Nan Hu 2,  Jing Wang 3,  Lin Xu 4,  Xiao-Li Jia 2,  Xiu Fan 2,  Jian-Xin Shi 2,  Feng Chen 5,  Yue Tu 5,  You-Wei Wang 6,  Xiao-Hong Li 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China.
  • 2 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
  • 3 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China; Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China.
  • 4 Medical Psychology Section, Hubei General Hospital of Armed Police Force, Wuhan 430071, China.
  • 5 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China.
  • 6 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 7 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 34793756 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147711
Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a brain injury resulting from blunt mechanical external forces, which is a crucial public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. TBI is one of the leading causes of death or disability. The primary injury of TBI is generally irreversible. Secondary injury caused by neuroinflammation could result in exacerbation of patients, which indicated that anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory were necessary for the treatment of TBI. Accumulated evidence reveals that the transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) could regulate the microenvironment in vivo and keep a balance of helper T 17(Th17)/ regulatory T cell (Treg). Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the UCMSCs could repair neurological impairment by maintaining the balance of Th17/Treg after TBI. In the study, we observed the phenomenon of trans-differentiation of T lymphocytes into Th17 cells after TBI. Rats were divided into Sham, TBI, and TBI + UCMSCs groups to explore the effects of the UCMSCs. The results manifested that trans-differentiation of Th17 into Treg was facilitated by UCMSCs, which was followed by promotion of neurological recovery and improvement of learning and memory in TBI rats. Furthermore, UCMSCs decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and increased the expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) in vivo and vitro experiments. In conclusion, UCMSCs maintained Th17/Treg balance via the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)/ SMAD3/ NF-κB signaling pathway.

Keywords

Th17 cells; Trans-differentiation; Traumatic brain injury; Treg cells; Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

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