2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis
  3. PPAR Ferroptosis
  4. Pioglitazone hydrochloride

Pioglitazone hydrochloride  (Synonyms: U 72107A; AD 4833)

Cat. No.: HY-14601 Purity: 99.97%
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Pioglitazone hydrochloride is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Pioglitazone hydrochloride Chemical Structure

Pioglitazone hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 112529-15-4

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 27 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Pioglitazone hydrochloride:

Pioglitazone hydrochloride Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Pioglitazone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2020 Apr;43(2):568-578.  [Abstract]

    Colonic lysates of CON + Veh, DSS + Veh, and DSS + PIO (day 7, day 14, and day 21) group mice are analyzed by immunoblotting with p-ERK, ERK, p-P65, and P65 antibodies, respectively. Each lane represents one mouse.

    Pioglitazone hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2020 Apr;43(2):568-578.  [Abstract]

    Colonic lysates of CON + Veh, DSS + Veh, and DSS + PIO (day 7, day 14, and day 21) group mice are analyzed by immunoblotting with IL-6, TNF-α, MMP9, and PPARγ antibodies, respectively. Each lane represents one mouse.

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    PPARα PPARβ/δ PPARγ PPAR PPARδ

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Pioglitazone hydrochloride is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively.

    IC50 & Target

    PPARδ

    0.01 μM (EC50, Human PPARδ)

    PPARα

    0.93 μM (EC50, Human PPARα)

    PPARγ

    43 μM (EC50, Human PPARγ)

    In Vitro

    AGEs-induced beta cell necrosis is completely abrogated by adding Pioglitazone to the AGEs culture medium. Furthermore Pioglitazone completely prevented any AGEs-induced increment in caspase-3 activation, thereby restoring caspase-3 activity to the same levels as the control cells. As expected AG is able to counteract AGEs-induced impaired viability[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Pioglitazone hydrochloride Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    The serum-free fatty acid and triglyceride levels as well as adipocyte sizes in ob/ob and adipo-/- ob/ob mice are unchanged after 10 mg/kg Pioglitazone but are significantly reduced to a similar degree after 30 mg/kg Pioglitazone. Moreover, the expressions of TNFα and resistin in adipose tissues of ob/ob and adipo-/- ob/ob mice are unchanged after 10 mg/kg Pioglitazone but are decreased after 30 mg/kg Pioglitazone. Thus, Pioglitazone-induced amelioration of insulin resistance and diabetes may occur adiponectin dependently in the liver and adiponectin independently in skeletal muscle[3]. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg per d) treatment significantly attenuates the loss of body weight (BW) and cardiac hypertrophy. Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduces the elevated serum glucose levels and markedly improved the associated dyslipidemia. Furthermore, there is a slight but significant increase in serum creatinine level in D rats over their N controls (P <0.05). However, a marked renal dysfunction is observed in diabetic nephropathic (DN) group (P<0.05). Moreover, DN rats exhibits the highest serum activity of CK-MB, relative to both N and D rats (P<0.05). Pioglitazone is able to decrease the elevated serum levels of both creatinine and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    392.90

    Formula

    C19H21ClN2O3S
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    CCC1=CN=C(CCOC2=CC=C(CC3C(NC(S3)=O)=O)C=C2)C=C1.Cl
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

    *In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (254.52 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.5452 mL 12.7259 mL 25.4518 mL
    5 mM 0.5090 mL 2.5452 mL 5.0904 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

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    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.36 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.36 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.97%

    COA (246 KB) LCMS (94 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [2]

    In order to evaluate cell proliferation, HIT-T15 cells are seeded on 96-well plates (3×104 cells/well) and cultured for 5 days as described. Viable cells are determined using the Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. To evaluate cell apoptosis and cell necrosis, HIT-T15 cells are plated on 6-well dishes (7×105 cells/well) for 5 days in standard conditions (CTR) or in the presence of AGEs (AGEs) with or without Pioglitazone (0.5 or 1 μM) or AG (1 mM). They are then processed to measure both the activity of caspase-3 and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (a stable cytosolic enzyme that is a marker of cell membrane damage and cell death due to necrosis) using Cytotox 96 Non Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [3][4]

    Mice[3]
    10 mg/kg Pioglitazone HCl or vehicle (0.25% carboxymethylcellulose) is adnimistered to ob/ob and adipo-/- ob/ob mice by oral gavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. 30 mg/kg Pioglitazone or vehicle is also adnimistered to ob/ob and adipo-/- ob/ob mice by oral gavage once daily for 14 consecutive days.
    Rats[4]
    Male Wistar albino rats (weighing 250±20 g) are ued.Rats that achieved serum glucose level ≥250 mg/dL and serum creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dL are divided into 2 groups (n=10 per each group): diabetic nephropathic (DN) group in which rats received an equal amount of vehicle (0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose) and Pioglitazone-treated (DN+Pio) group in which rats treated with Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg BW) is given orally by gastric gavage, once daily, for 4 weeks.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 2.5452 mL 12.7259 mL 25.4518 mL 63.6294 mL
    5 mM 0.5090 mL 2.5452 mL 5.0904 mL 12.7259 mL
    10 mM 0.2545 mL 1.2726 mL 2.5452 mL 6.3629 mL
    15 mM 0.1697 mL 0.8484 mL 1.6968 mL 4.2420 mL
    20 mM 0.1273 mL 0.6363 mL 1.2726 mL 3.1815 mL
    25 mM 0.1018 mL 0.5090 mL 1.0181 mL 2.5452 mL
    30 mM 0.0848 mL 0.4242 mL 0.8484 mL 2.1210 mL
    40 mM 0.0636 mL 0.3181 mL 0.6363 mL 1.5907 mL
    50 mM 0.0509 mL 0.2545 mL 0.5090 mL 1.2726 mL
    60 mM 0.0424 mL 0.2121 mL 0.4242 mL 1.0605 mL
    80 mM 0.0318 mL 0.1591 mL 0.3181 mL 0.7954 mL
    100 mM 0.0255 mL 0.1273 mL 0.2545 mL 0.6363 mL
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    Pioglitazone hydrochloride Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Pioglitazone112529-15-4U 72107A AD 4833AD4833AD 4833AD-4833PPARFerroptosisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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