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ROS 234 is a potent H3 antagonist, with a pKB of 9.46 for Guinea-pig ileum H3-receptor, a pKi of 8.90 for Rat cerebral cortex H3-receptor, and a ED50 of 19.12 mg/kg (ip) in ex vivo of Rat cerebral cortex. ROS 234 diaplays poor central access .
ROS 234 dioxalate is a potent H3 antagonist, with a pKB of 9.46 for Guinea-pig ileum H3-receptor, a pKi of 8.90 for Rat cerebral cortex H3-receptor, and a ED50 of 19.12 mg/kg (ip) in ex vivo of Rat cerebral cortex. ROS 234 dioxalate diaplays poor central access .
Viquidil hydrochloride (Quinotoxine hydrochloride), an isomer of Quinidine, is a cerebral vasodilator agent. Viquidil hydrochloride shows antithrombotic activity .
3-Methylglutaconic acid is the major metabolites accumulating in 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGTA). 3-Methylglutaconic acid can induce lipid oxidative damage and protein oxidative. 3-Methylglutaconic acid decreases the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex supernatants to elicit oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex. 3-Methylglutaconic acid can be used for brain damage disease research .
Indeloxazine hydrochloride is a 5-HT receptor and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor. Indeloxazine hydrochloride is an antidepressant and cerebral activator .
S 17092 (S 17092-1) is a potent cerebral prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.2 nM. S 17092 can be used for the research of memory impairment and cognitive disorders associated with cerebral aging .
Bevantolol hydrochloride is a selective β1 and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with pKi values of 7.83, 6.9 in rat cerebral cortex, respectively. Bevantolol hydrochloride is a potent Ca 2+ antagonist .
Neuroprotective agent 3 (Compound 21a) is an antioxidant that exhibits neuroprotective effects. Neuroprotective agent 3 significantly increases neuronal viability and induces neuroprotection, as well as improves neurological deficit scores in an in vivo model of transient cerebral ischemia .
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect .
Pexelizumab (h5G1. 1-SC) is a humanized scFv monoclonal antibody directed against the C5 complement component. Pexelizumab inhibits apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration. Pexelizumab can be used for the research of cerebral IR injury and myocardial infarction .
Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and a calcium channel blocker, promote cerebral blood flow, used to treat cerebral apoplexy, post-trauma cerebral symptoms, and cerebral arteriosclerosis.
JHU-083, a proagent of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON; HY-108357), is an orally active and selective glutaminase antagonist. JHU-083 blocks glutaminase activity in brain CD11b + cells and experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) resulting in a net decrease of glutamate levels in the animals .
Pronethalol ((±)-Pronethalo) is a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist. Pronethalol is a potent inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Pronethalol protects against and to reverse Digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias and limits the cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) .
Ifenprodil tartrate is a typical noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate exerts high affinity at NR1A/NR2B receptors (IC50=0.34 μM) over 400-fold than at NR1A/NR2A receptors (IC50=146 μM) . Ifenprodil tartrate inhibits GIRK (Kir3), reduces inward currents through the basal GIRK activity. Ifenprodil tartrate has the potential to be a cerebral vasodilator .
PDPOB is a phenyl carboxylic acid derivative. PDPOB displays protective roles against OGD/R-evoked multiaspect neuronal deterioration in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. PDPOB has the potential for the research of cerebral ischemia .
Aniracetam (Ro 13-5057) is an orally active neuroprotective agent, possessing nootropics effects. Aniracetam potentiates the ionotropic quisqualate (iQA) responses in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Aniracetam also potentiates the excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in Schaffer collateral-commissural synapses. Aniracetam can prevents the CO2-induced impairment of acquisition in hypercapnia model rats. Aniracetam can be used to research cerebral dysfunctional disorders .
LY393615 (NCC1048) is a novel neuronal Ca 2+ (calcium channel) and Na + channel (sodium channel) blocker with IC50s of 1.9 μΜ and 5.2 μΜ for α1A and α1B calcium channel subunits. LY393615 has good brain penetration and neuroprotective effects in models of in cerebral ischemia that can be used for neurological disease research .
RU-505 is an effective β-amyloid (Aβ)-fibrinogen interaction inhibitor with IC50s of 5.00 and 2.72 μM in fluorescence polarization (FP) and AlphaLISA assays, respectively. RU-505 is highly permeable to the BBB. RU-505 reduces cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). RU-505 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) .
(S)-oxiracetam (S-ORC) is an inhibitor targeting apoptosis. S-ORC reduces brain infarct size and lessens neurological dysfunction in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) models. S-ORC prevents neuronal apoptosis via activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway via α7 nAChR after ischemic stroke. S-ORC can prevent neuronal death after ischemic stroke .
Pyrithioxin is a neurodynamic compound, combined with a short period of hyperventilation (HV) was applied in cerebral infarct patients with Hemiplegia.
Pyrithioxin dihydrochloride is a neurodynamic compound, combined with a short period of hyperventilation (HV) was applied in cerebral infarct patients with Hemiplegia.
GOAT-IN-1 is an inhibitor of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which could be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic, non-alcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, sarcopenia, appetite control, alcohol/narcotic dependence, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular dementia, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cardic disease, some kind of tumors.
SMND-309 is a metabolite of salvianolic acid B, and exhibits neuroprotective effects in cultured neurons and in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion rats .
Breviscapine is a crude flavonoid extract of Breviscapine, which is more than 85% of the active ingredient, Breviscapine. Breviscapine has a wide range of cardiovascular pharmacological activities, such as increasing blood flow, improving microcirculation, dilating blood vessels, reducing blood viscosity, promoting fibrinolysis, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Breviscapine has been used in the study of cerebral infarction and its sequelae, cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease and angina pectoris .
Butylphthalide (3-n-Butylphthalide) is an active molecule against cerebral ischemia. It was originally isolated from celery species and has been shown to be effective in stroke animal models.
L-701252 is a potent antagonist of glycine site NMDA receptor with an IC50 of 420 nM. L-701252 provides a small degree of neuroprotection in global cerebral ischaemia .
Nizofenone is a neuroprotective agent which protects neurons from death following cerebral ischemia or anoxia. Nizofenone can be used in the research of acute neurological conditions, such as stroke .
Verbenalin is Verbena glycoside, with anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal anti-virus activities. Verbenalin can be used for the research of prostatitis. Verbenalin can reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury .
Gantenerumab is a fully human anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) IgG1 monoclonal antibody demonstrates sustained cerebral amyloid-β binding. Gantenerumab can be used for Alzheimer's disease research .
Timiperone has a strong affinity for cerebraldopamine D2 receptor. Timiperone has antipsychotic activity, and inhibits stereotyped behaviour. Timiperone can be used for research of schizophrenia .
Naftidrofuryl oxalate (Nafronyl oxalate salt) is a drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders as a vasodilator, enhance cellular oxidative capacity, and may also be a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.
Cytidine-d is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catechol
α-Guanidinoglutaric acid is a guanidino compound first found in cobaltinduced epileptogenic focus tissue in the cerebral cortex of cats. α-Guanidinoglutaric acid induces epileptic seizures in rats after intraventricular administration .
Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .
Dilazep dihydrochloride is an inhibitor of adenosine uptake. Dilazep dihydrochloride has cerebral and coronary vasodilating action through enhancement of effect of adenosine. Dilazep dihydrochloride also inhibits the ischemic damage, platelet aggregation, and membrane transport of nucleosides .
Butylphthalide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Butylphthalide. Butylphthalide(3-n-Butylphthalide), an anti-cerebral-ischemia agent, is first isolated from the seeds of celery and showes efficacy in animal models of stroke.
Cytidine- 13C is the 13C labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine
Sipatrigine (619C89), a neuroprotective agent, is a glutamate release inhibitor, voltage-dependent sodium channel and calcium channel inhibitor, penetrating the central nervous system. Has the potential in the study for focal cerebral ischemia and stroke .
Cytidine-d2-1 is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catech
Pronethalol ((±)-Pronethalo) is a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist. Pronethalol is a potent inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Pronethalol protects against and to reverse Digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias, and limits the cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) .
Hirudin is a thrombin inhibitor with blood anticoagulant property. Hirudin has potent anti-thrombotic, wound repair, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor and anti-hyperuricemia effects. Hirudin also affects diabetic complications, cerebral hemorrhage, and others .
Nigranoic acid is a triterpenoid separated from Schisandra chinensis. Nigranoic acid inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Nigranoic acid exhibits protective effects on brain through PARP/AIF signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animal model .
Cytidine- 13C-1 is the 13C labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholami
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebralAβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.
MK-212 (CPP) monohydrochloride is a centrally acting 5-HT1C/5-HT2 agonist. MK-212 monohydrochloride can stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cerebral cortex .
3-MATIDA is a metabolic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptor antagonist. 3-MATIDA alleviates neuronal death in cerebral ischemia models. 3-MATIDA can be used in the study of neuronal injury and epileptiform activity after ischemia .
Litoxetine (SL 81.0385) is a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor. Litoxetine is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 85 nM for cerebral 5-HT3 receptors. Litoxetine is an antidepressant and has antiemetic properties .
MTPG is a potent mGluR2 and mGluR3 antagonist. MTPG can block the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning. MTPG also significantly attenuates the inhibitory effect of L-CCG-1 on the KCl-evoked dopamine release .
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease .
ent-8-iso Prostaglandin F2α (ent-15-F2t-IsoP) is a potent vasoconstrictor of porcine retina and cerebral microvessels with EC50 values of 30.6 and 53.5 nM, respectively .
Cytidine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].
Arundic acid (ONO-2506) is an astrocyte-modulating agent, which delays the expansion of cerebral infarcts by modulating the activation of astrocytes through inhibition of S-100β synthesis. Arundic acid has the potential for stroke and Alzheimer’s disease research .
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil) hydrochloride, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil (Tunodafil) hydrochloride may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease .
Verazine ((-)-Verazine) is an anti-Fungal Agent that can be found in the dried roots and rhizoma of Veratrum maackii Regel. Verazine causes DNA damage in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Verazine can be used in the study of fungal infections and neurological diseases .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
Tenuifoliside B, a component isolated from Polygalae Radix, inhibits potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Tenuifoliside B shows potential cognitive improvement and cerebral protective effects. Tenuifoliside B has potential to become an anti-AD lead compound .
A71623, a CCK-4-based peptide, is a potent and highly selective CCK-A full agonist. The IC50s for A-71623 are 3.7 nM in guinea pig pancreas (CCK-A) and 4500 nM in cerebral cortex (CCK-B) in radioligand binding assays, respectively .
β-cyano-L-Alanine (Beta-cyano-l-alanine), a nitrile of widespread occurrence in higher plants, is enzymatically produced by cyanoalanine synthase from cyanide and cysteine as substrates . β-cyano-L-Alanine abolishes the protective effect of ethanol on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury .
Cytidine- 15N3 is the 15N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].
Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity .
Senkyunolide I, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, is an anti-migraine compound. Senkyunolide I protects rat brain against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating p-Erk1/2, Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting caspase 3 .
NFPS is a selective, non-competitive glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibitor with IC50s of 2.8 nM and 9.8 nM for hGlyT1 and rGlyT1, respectively . NFPS exerts neuroprotection via glyR alpha1 subunit in the rat model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion .
Crenulatin is a gallotannin that can be isolated from Rhodiola rosea. Crenulatin can be used as a biomarker to identify potentially adulterated R. rosea products. Crenulatin has dual- direction effects on apoptosis of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, via regulating Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity .
Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, an alkaloid, is a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor (IC50: 1.80 μM). 7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine is an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. 7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine decreases the Aβ and APP levels in the cerebral cortex of Tg2576 mice .
KB-R7785 is a novel matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, which improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting TNF-α production. KB-R7785 can be used for diabetes research. KB-R7785 has a protective efficacy against focal cerebral ischemia .
CP-465022 hydrochloride is a potent, and selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant activity. CP-465022 is against Kainate-induced response with an IC50 of 25 nM in rat cortical neurons. CP-465022 provides a new tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in physiological and pathophysiological processes .
CP-465022 Maleate is a potent, and selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant activity. CP-465022 is against Kainate-induced response with an IC50 of 25 nM in rat cortical neurons. CP-465022 provides a new tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in physiological and pathophysiological processes .
CP-465022 is a potent, and selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant activity. CP-465022 is against Kainate-induced response with an IC50 of 25 nM in rat cortical neurons. CP-465022 provides a new tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in physiological and pathophysiological processes .
Valerena-4,7(11)-diene is a tranquilizer. Valerena-4,7(11)-diene suppresses stress-induced excitatory behaviors. Valerena-4,7(11)-diene is expressed via olfactory stimulation and pulmonary absorption .
Cytidine- 13C9, 15N3 is the 13C and 15N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].
Argininosuccinic acid disodium participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle and is cleaved into arginine and fumarate by argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid disodium reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and increases reactive oxygen species production in the cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid disodium causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and also induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
1400W is a slow, tight binding, and highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, with a Kd value ≤ 7 nM. 1400W inhibits iNOS induction in microglial cells, and reduces generation of NO, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex, and improving the spatial memory dysfunction caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation .
Desfesoterodine (PNU-200577) is a potent and selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with a KB and a pA2 of 0.84 nM and 9.14, respectively . Desfesoterodine is a major pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine (PNU-200583; HY-A0024) and Fesoterodine (HY-70053) . Desfesoterodine improves cerebral infarction induced detrusor overactivity in rats .
CPPG ((RS)-CPPG) is a potent group II/III mGlu receptors antagonist. CPPG exhibits some selectivity (approximately 20 fold) for group III (IC50=2.2 nM) over group II (IC50=46.2 nM) mGlu receptors in the rat cerebral cortex. CPPG has weak effects at group I mGlu receptors .
10-OH-NBP-d4 is deuterium labeled 10-OH-NBP. 10-OH-NBP is a Butylphthalide (3-n-Butylphthalide; NBP; HY-B0647) hydroxylated metabolite and can penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Butylphthalide exerts neuroprotective effects and has potential for cerebral ischemia research[1].
Abecarnil (ZK 112119) is a ligand or a partial agonist for benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor. Abecarnil possesses anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties. Abecarnil can act as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptor. Abecarnil inhibits the binding of the BZ [3H]lormetazepam to rat cerebral cortex membranes, with an IC50 of 0.82 nM. Abecarnil can be used for epilepsy research .
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rg1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebralAβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .
Pinokalant is a broad-spectrum and non-selectivecation channel inhibitor. Pinokalant significantly reduces cortical infarct volume. Pinokalant o improves the metabolic and electrophysiologic status of the ischemic penumbra. Pinokalant reduces lesion size on magnetic resonance images in the acute phase following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Pinokalant has the potential for the research of stroke. Pinokalant also shows anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity .
Argininosuccinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Argininosuccinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
1400W dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of 1400W (HY-18731). 1400W is a slow, tight binding, and highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, with a Kd value ≤ 7 nM. 1400W inhibits iNOS induction in microglial cells, and reduces generation of NO, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex, and improving the spatial memory dysfunction caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation .
KY-226 is a potent, selective, orally active and allosteric protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.25 μM, and without PPARγ agonist activity. KY-226 exerts anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects by enhancing insulin and leptin signaling, respectively. KY-226 also protects neurons from cerebral ischemic injury .
NOS1-IN-1 is a selective and cell-permeable nNOS inhibitor with a Ki of 120 nM. NOS1-IN-1 exhibits 2617-fold and 325-fold selectivity over eNOS (Ki=39 μM) and iNOS (Ki=325 μM) , respectively . NOS1-IN-1 can be used for the research of neurological disease, including cerebral palsy (CP) .
Zanapezil (TAK-147) fumarate is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil fumarate shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil fumarate shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil fumarate can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 is a potent degrader of cerebral amyloid-beta (Abeta). Abeta deposition is associatied with the Alzheimer disease (AD), due to its related toxicity linked to its beta-sheet conformation and/or aggregation. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reproducibly induces in vivo disassembly of fibrillar amyloid deposits. Thus, β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 prevents and/or reverses neuronal shrinkage caused by Abeta, and reduces the extent of interleukin-1beta positive microglia-like cells that surround the Abeta deposits. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reduces the size and/or number of cerebral amyloid plaques in AD. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 labeled by hydrophobic benzyl alcohol (HBA) tag, can be used for quantitative assay by showing vivid blue color under acidic conditions .
ω-Agatoxin TK, a peptidyl toxin of the venom of Agelenopsis aperta, is a potent and selective P/Q type Ca 2+ channel blocker. ω-Agatoxin TK inhibits the high K + depolarisation-induced rise in internal Ca 2+ in cerebral isolated nerve endings with an IC50 of of 60 nM. ω-Agatoxin TK has no effect on L-type, N-type, or T-type calcium channels .
Cytidine-d13 (Cytosine β-D-riboside-d13; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-d13) is deuterium labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .
PF-03049423 (Compound PF-5) free base is a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5A inhibitor with an IC50 of about 0.2 nM for rat and human platelet enzyme. PF-03049423 free base can be used for the research of acute ischaemic stroke .
PF-03049423 (Compound PF-5) is a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5A inhibitor with an IC50 of about 0.2 nM for rat and human platelet enzyme. PF-03049423 can be used for the research of acute ischaemic stroke .
IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide is a highly specific inhibitor NF-κB inhibitor. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide acts by disrupting the interaction between IKKγ/NEMO-binding domain (NBD) with IKKα and IKKβ, thus blocking TNF-α-induced NF-kB activation. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide could significantly suppresses inflammation and ameliorate the cerebral ischemia-induced neurological deficits .
Musk ketone is a widely used artificial fragrance. Musk ketone is also a cytochrome P450 enzyme inducer. Musk ketone shows mutagenic and comutagenic effects in Hep G2 cells and induces neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in cerebral ischemia via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the brain, musk ketone is neuroprotective against stroke injury through inhibition of cell apoptosis .
HYDAMTIQ is a PARP-1/2 inhibitor (IC50: 29-38 nM) with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and ischemic protective effects. HYDAMTIQ inhibits pulmonary PARP activity, is effective against allergen-induced cough and dyspnea, and inhibits bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. HYDAMTIQ has broad-spectrum tumor suppressor effects, including ovarian and breast cancers, prostate and pancreatic tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme. HYDAMTIQ has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in animal models of cerebral ischemia, asthma, cancer, and more .
Cytidine- 13C9 (Cytosine β-D-riboside- 13C9; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside- 13C9) is 13C labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .
IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA is a highly specific inhibitor NF-κB inhibitor. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA acts by disrupting the interaction between IKKγ/NEMO-binding domain (NBD) with IKKα and IKKβ, thus blocking TNF-α-induced NF-kB activation. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA could significantly suppresses inflammation and ameliorate the cerebral ischemia-induced neurological deficits .
Zanapezil (TAK-147) free base is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil free base shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil free base shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil free base can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
Gambogic amide is a potent and selective agonist of TrkA and also induces its tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling, including Akt and MAPK. Gambogic amide specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of the TrkA receptor and triggers its dimerization, leading to activation. Gambogic amide has neuroprotective activity preventing glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Gambogic amide has improved efficacy in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke and could be used to study neurodegenerative diseases and stroke .
BTB09089 is a T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8/GPR65) specific agonist. BTB09089 increases TDAG8 expression and regulates the cytokine production of T cells and macrophages .
Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin is a 583 amino acid protein consisting of three homologous full alpha structural domains. Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin has remarkable neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke when in combination with Tanshinone IIA (HY-N0135) .
Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
Hypidone hydrochloride (YL0919) is an orally active antidepressant agent with dual activity as a highly seletive 5-HT uptake blocker and an effective 5-HT1A receptor agonist (Ki=0.19 nM). Hypidone hydrochloride inhibits the uptake of [ 3H]-5-HT into rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes and HEK293 cells with IC50s of 1.78 nM and 1.93 nM, respectively. Hypidone hydrochloride shows remarkable antidepressant effects in animal models and has the poential for the investigation of depressive disorder .
FG 7142 (ZK 39106; LSU-65), a non-selectively benzodiazepine inverse agonist, has high affinity for the α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptor (Ki=91 nM). FG 7142 (ZK 39106; LSU-65) also modulates GABA-induced chloride flux at GABAA receptors expressing the α1 subunit (EC50= 137 nM). FG 7142 (ZK 39106; LSU-65) can increase tyrosine hydroxylation and cause upregulation of β-adrenoceptors in mouse cerebral cortex .
Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
PQCA is a highly selective and potent muscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator. PQCA has an EC50 value of 49 nM and 135 nM on rhesus and human M1 receptor, respectively. PQCA is inactive for other muscarinic receptors. PQCA has potential to reduce the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease .
Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
BAY 38-7271 is selective and highly potent and cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptor agonist, with Kis of 1.85 nM and 5.96 nM for recombinant human CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor, respectively. BAY 38-7271 has strong neuroprotective properties .
EB-47 dihydrochloride, a potent and selective PARP-1/ARTD-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 45 nM, shows modest potency against ARTD5 with an IC50 value of 410 nM. EB-47 mimics the substrate NAD + and extends from the nicotinamide to the adenosine subsite .
EB-47, a potent and selective PARP-1/ARTD-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 45 nM, shows modest potency against ARTD5 with an IC50 value of 410 nM. EB-47 mimics the substrate NAD + and extends from the nicotinamide to the adenosine subsite .
Oxybutynin chloride is an oral active and competitive mAChR antagonist with Kis of 14.3 and 5.55 nM for specific [ 3H]NMS binding in the mouse bladder and cerebral cortex, respectively. Oxybutynin chloride inhibits vascular Kv channels in a manner independent of anticholinergic effect, with an IC50 value of 11.51 μM. Oxybutynin chloride reduces muscle spasm in the bladder and urinary tract, can be used in study of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) . Oxybutynin (chloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways .
Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities .
5α-Androstane-3β,5,6β-triol is a neuroprotectant. 5α-Androstane-3β,5,6β-triol can remarkably reverse intracellular acidification and alleviate neuronal injury through the inhibition of AMPK signaling. 5α-Androstane-3β,5,6β-triol remarkably reduced the infarct volume and attenuated neurologic impairment in acute ischemic stroke models of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo .
GluN2B-NMDAR antagonist-2 (compound S-58) is a potent, selective and cross the blood-brain barrier NMDAR-GluN2B antagonist with an IC50 value of 74.01, nM. GluN2B-NMDAR antagonist-2 shows mild cytotoxicity. GluN2B-NMDAR antagonist-2 decreases the cerebral infarction rates and neurologic deficit scores. GluN2B-NMDAR antagonist-2 has the potential for the research of stroke .
Oxybutynin (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxybutynin (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxybutynin chloride is an oral active and competitive mAChR antagonist with Kis of 14.3 and 5.55 nM for specific [ 3H]NMS binding in the mouse bladder and cerebral cortex, respectively. Oxybutynin chloride inhibits vascular Kv channels in a manner independent of anticholinergic effect, with an IC50 value of 11.51 μM. Oxybutynin chloride reduces muscle spasm in the bladder and urinary tract, can be used in study of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) . Oxybutynin (chloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Bumetanide sodium, a highly potent loop diuretic, is a Na +-K +-Cl + cotransporter (NKCC) blocker. Bumetanide sodium is a selective NKCC1 inhibitor, and also inhibits NKCC2, with IC50s of 0.68 and 4.0 μM for hNKCC1A and hNKCC2A, respectively .
Bumetanide (Ro 10-6338; PF 1593), a highly potent loop diuretic, is a Na +-K +-Cl + cotransporter (NKCC) blocker. Bumetanide is a selective NKCC1 inhibitor, but also inhibits NKCC2, with IC50s of 0.68 μM and 4.0 μM for hNKCC1A and hNKCC2A, respectively .
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can directly trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis .
Pramipexole dihydrochloride is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole dihydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Pramipexole is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) .
Minocycline hydrochloride is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline hydrochloride is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline hydrochloride shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline hydrochloride reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline hydrochloride inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect .
Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect .
Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin is a 583 amino acid protein consisting of three homologous full alpha structural domains. Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin has remarkable neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke when in combination with Tanshinone IIA (HY-N0135) .
Hirudin is a thrombin inhibitor with blood anticoagulant property. Hirudin has potent anti-thrombotic, wound repair, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor and anti-hyperuricemia effects. Hirudin also affects diabetic complications, cerebral hemorrhage, and others .
(Gln22,Asn23)-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) is a peptide. (Gln22,Asn23)-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) can be used for the research of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Mutations .
Tat-HA-NR2B9 contains a fragment of the cellmembrane transduction domain of HIV-1 Tat, a influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tag, and the C-terminal 9 amino acids of NR2B (NR2B9c). Tat-HA-NR2B9 reduces infarct size and improves neurological functions in ischemia-induced cerebral injury in the rats
MR 409 is a selected growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) agonist. MR 409 has remarkable neuroprotective effects through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis in cerebral ischemic mice. MR 409 also inhibits the in vivo growth of lung cancer .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
A71623, a CCK-4-based peptide, is a potent and highly selective CCK-A full agonist. The IC50s for A-71623 are 3.7 nM in guinea pig pancreas (CCK-A) and 4500 nM in cerebral cortex (CCK-B) in radioligand binding assays, respectively .
H-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH is a collagen-derived matrikine that has classically been described as a neutrophil chemoattractant. H-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH is perfectly positioned to focus neutrophils on the site required and direct a localized repair response. H-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH activates the transcription of neurotrophins and their receptor genes after cerebral ischemia .
PKCd (8-17) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is derived from the V1 domain of protein kinase C (PKC)d. It inhibits phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced PKCd translocation and activation. Inhibition of PKCd reduces ischemia damage in cardiac and cerebral cells, induces proliferation of fibroblasts, and inhibits graft coronary artery disease in mice.)
β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 is a potent degrader of cerebral amyloid-beta (Abeta). Abeta deposition is associatied with the Alzheimer disease (AD), due to its related toxicity linked to its beta-sheet conformation and/or aggregation. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reproducibly induces in vivo disassembly of fibrillar amyloid deposits. Thus, β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 prevents and/or reverses neuronal shrinkage caused by Abeta, and reduces the extent of interleukin-1beta positive microglia-like cells that surround the Abeta deposits. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reduces the size and/or number of cerebral amyloid plaques in AD. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 labeled by hydrophobic benzyl alcohol (HBA) tag, can be used for quantitative assay by showing vivid blue color under acidic conditions .
ω-Agatoxin TK, a peptidyl toxin of the venom of Agelenopsis aperta, is a potent and selective P/Q type Ca 2+ channel blocker. ω-Agatoxin TK inhibits the high K + depolarisation-induced rise in internal Ca 2+ in cerebral isolated nerve endings with an IC50 of of 60 nM. ω-Agatoxin TK has no effect on L-type, N-type, or T-type calcium channels .
IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide is a highly specific inhibitor NF-κB inhibitor. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide acts by disrupting the interaction between IKKγ/NEMO-binding domain (NBD) with IKKα and IKKβ, thus blocking TNF-α-induced NF-kB activation. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide could significantly suppresses inflammation and ameliorate the cerebral ischemia-induced neurological deficits .
IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA is a highly specific inhibitor NF-κB inhibitor. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA acts by disrupting the interaction between IKKγ/NEMO-binding domain (NBD) with IKKα and IKKβ, thus blocking TNF-α-induced NF-kB activation. IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide TFA could significantly suppresses inflammation and ameliorate the cerebral ischemia-induced neurological deficits .
[Asn23]-beta-Amyloid (1-42), iowa mutation is a biological active peptide. (Several mutations in the beta amyloid precursor gene cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's Disease in a number of kindreds. The Iowa mutation, where Asp 23 is replaced with Asn, is associated with severe cerebral amyloid beta-protein angiopathy (CAA). The affected individuals share a missense mutation in APP at position 694. The mutated beta-amyloid peptide aggregates more rapidly and forms toxic fibrils.)
[Asn23] β-Amyloid (1-40), Iowa mutation is a biological active peptide. (Several mutations in the beta amyloid precursor gene cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's Disease in a number of kindreds. The Iowa mutation, where Asp 23 is replaced with Asn, is associated with severe cerebral amyloid beta-protein angiopathy (CAA). The affected individuals share a missense mutation in APP at position 694. The mutated beta-amyloid peptide aggregates more rapidly and forms toxic fibrils.)
Gantenerumab is a fully human anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) IgG1 monoclonal antibody demonstrates sustained cerebral amyloid-β binding. Gantenerumab can be used for Alzheimer's disease research .
Pexelizumab (h5G1. 1-SC) is a humanized scFv monoclonal antibody directed against the C5 complement component. Pexelizumab inhibits apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration. Pexelizumab can be used for the research of cerebral IR injury and myocardial infarction .
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect .
Ifenprodil tartrate is a typical noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate exerts high affinity at NR1A/NR2B receptors (IC50=0.34 μM) over 400-fold than at NR1A/NR2A receptors (IC50=146 μM) . Ifenprodil tartrate inhibits GIRK (Kir3), reduces inward currents through the basal GIRK activity. Ifenprodil tartrate has the potential to be a cerebral vasodilator .
Pyrithioxin dihydrochloride is a neurodynamic compound, combined with a short period of hyperventilation (HV) was applied in cerebral infarct patients with Hemiplegia.
Breviscapine is a crude flavonoid extract of Breviscapine, which is more than 85% of the active ingredient, Breviscapine. Breviscapine has a wide range of cardiovascular pharmacological activities, such as increasing blood flow, improving microcirculation, dilating blood vessels, reducing blood viscosity, promoting fibrinolysis, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Breviscapine has been used in the study of cerebral infarction and its sequelae, cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease and angina pectoris .
Pyrithioxin is a neurodynamic compound, combined with a short period of hyperventilation (HV) was applied in cerebral infarct patients with Hemiplegia.
Butylphthalide (3-n-Butylphthalide) is an active molecule against cerebral ischemia. It was originally isolated from celery species and has been shown to be effective in stroke animal models.
Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .
Nigranoic acid is a triterpenoid separated from Schisandra chinensis. Nigranoic acid inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Nigranoic acid exhibits protective effects on brain through PARP/AIF signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animal model .
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebralAβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Verazine ((-)-Verazine) is an anti-Fungal Agent that can be found in the dried roots and rhizoma of Veratrum maackii Regel. Verazine causes DNA damage in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Verazine can be used in the study of fungal infections and neurological diseases .
Tenuifoliside B, a component isolated from Polygalae Radix, inhibits potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Tenuifoliside B shows potential cognitive improvement and cerebral protective effects. Tenuifoliside B has potential to become an anti-AD lead compound .
β-cyano-L-Alanine (Beta-cyano-l-alanine), a nitrile of widespread occurrence in higher plants, is enzymatically produced by cyanoalanine synthase from cyanide and cysteine as substrates . β-cyano-L-Alanine abolishes the protective effect of ethanol on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury .
Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity .
Senkyunolide I, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, is an anti-migraine compound. Senkyunolide I protects rat brain against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating p-Erk1/2, Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting caspase 3 .
Crenulatin is a gallotannin that can be isolated from Rhodiola rosea. Crenulatin can be used as a biomarker to identify potentially adulterated R. rosea products. Crenulatin has dual- direction effects on apoptosis of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, via regulating Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity .
Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, an alkaloid, is a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor (IC50: 1.80 μM). 7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine is an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. 7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine decreases the Aβ and APP levels in the cerebral cortex of Tg2576 mice .
Valerena-4,7(11)-diene is a tranquilizer. Valerena-4,7(11)-diene suppresses stress-induced excitatory behaviors. Valerena-4,7(11)-diene is expressed via olfactory stimulation and pulmonary absorption .
Argininosuccinic acid disodium participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle and is cleaved into arginine and fumarate by argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid disodium reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and increases reactive oxygen species production in the cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid disodium causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and also induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rg1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebralAβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .
Argininosuccinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Argininosuccinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Argininosuccinic acid participates in the fourth step of the urea cycle, with being cleaved to arginine and fumaric acid by argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL). Argininosuccinic acid reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) level, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cerebral cortex and striatum. Argininosuccinic acid causes lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and induces oxidative stress in the developing rat brain .
Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat .
Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways .
Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities .
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) emerges as a key trophic factor for dopamine neurons that counteracts 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration. Notably, it can restore dopaminergic function and prevent nigral neuronal degeneration after 6-OHDA injury. Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeCDNF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Mouse (His) is 163 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.47 kDa.
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) functions as an important trophic factor, providing unique support to dopamine neurons. Its protective effect has a clear role in preventing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeCDNF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Human (His) is 161 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.26 kDa.
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) emerges as a key trophic factor for dopamine neurons that counteracts 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration. Notably, it can restore dopaminergic function and prevent nigral neuronal degeneration after 6-OHDA injury. CDNF Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CDNF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of CDNF Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 187 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20 kDa.
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) functions as an important trophic factor, providing unique support to dopamine neurons. Its protective effect has a clear role in preventing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. CDNF Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant human-derived CDNF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of CDNF Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is 187 a.a., with molecular weight of ~45.2 KDa.
BAP1 protein deubiquitinates histone H2A and HCFC1, mediating deubiquitination of H2AK119ub1. It regulates cell growth by deubiquitinating HCFC1 chains and inhibits BRCA1 and BARD1 activity. BAP1 also protects itself from cytoplasmic sequestration and acts as a tumor suppressor. BAP1 Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived BAP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of BAP1 Protein, Human is 728 a.a., .
BAP1 protein deubiquitinates histone H2A and HCFC1, mediating deubiquitination of H2AK119ub1. It regulates cell growth by deubiquitinating HCFC1 chains and inhibits BRCA1 and BARD1 activity. BAP1 also protects itself from cytoplasmic sequestration and acts as a tumor suppressor. BAP1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived BAP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of BAP1 Protein, Human (His) is 728 a.a., .
Carbonic anhydrase 10 (CA10) protein, contrary to its name, lacks catalytic activity. This property distinguishes CA10 from typical carbonic anhydrases, which are known for their ability to catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, Human (HEK293 ) is the recombinant human-derived Carbonic Anhydrase 10 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free. The total length of Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, Human (HEK293 ) is 300 a.a., with molecular weight of ~38 kDa.
Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, a member of the carbonic anhydrase family, plays a role in the regulation of pH and ion transport. It is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and kidney. The potential involvement of Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein in diseases and its physiological functions make it a subject of interest in biomedical research. Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Carbonic Anhydrase 10 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 300 a.a., with molecular weight of ~38 kDa.
TSC22D1 Protein, a positive modulator of cell death during mammary gland involution in response to TGFB3, forms a heterodimer with TSC22D4/THG1. Its interactions with histone H1-2 and GNL3 underscore TSC22D1's versatile role in molecular processes, emphasizing its potential significance in various cellular contexts. TSC22/TSC22D1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived TSC22/TSC22D1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of TSC22/TSC22D1 Protein, Human (His) is 144 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20 kDa.
TSC22D1 protein, possessing RNA polymerase II binding activity, regulates apoptotic and cell proliferation processes. It is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus and expressed in multiple structures like the alimentary system and central nervous system. With ubiquitous expression observed, TSC22D1 likely regulates diverse cellular processes across tissues. TSC22/TSC22D1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived TSC22/TSC22D1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of TSC22/TSC22D1 Protein, Mouse (His) is 143 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.8 KDa.
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) functions as an important trophic factor, providing unique support to dopamine neurons. Its protective effect has a clear role in preventing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. CDNF Protein, Human (163a.a, HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived CDNF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CDNF Protein, Human (163a.a, HEK293, His) is 163 a.a., with molecular weight of 17-20 kDa.
Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, Human (His) expresses in E. coli with a His tag at the N-terminus. Carbonic anhydrase 10 is an inactive isoform of carbonic anhydrase (CAs).
The PDCD10 protein is a multifunctional regulator that plays a key role in cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation, and enhanced kinase activity. It is essential for cell migration, Golgi complex assembly and KDR/VEGFR2 signaling stability, affecting embryonic development, cardiovascular development, vasculogenesis, vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis. PDCD10 Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived PDCD10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of PDCD10 Protein, Human is 212 a.a., with molecular weight of ~28.0 kDa.
Carbonic Anhydrase 10 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) expresses in HEK293 cell with a His tag at the N-terminus. Carbonic anhydrase 10 is an inactive isoform of carbonic anhydrase (CAs).
Butylphthalide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Butylphthalide. Butylphthalide(3-n-Butylphthalide), an anti-cerebral-ischemia agent, is first isolated from the seeds of celery and showes efficacy in animal models of stroke.
Cytidine-d is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catechol
Cytidine- 13C is the 13C labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine
Cytidine-d2-1 is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catech
Cytidine- 13C-1 is the 13C labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholami
Cytidine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].
Cytidine- 15N3 is the 15N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].
Cytidine- 13C9, 15N3 is the 13C and 15N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].
10-OH-NBP-d4 is deuterium labeled 10-OH-NBP. 10-OH-NBP is a Butylphthalide (3-n-Butylphthalide; NBP; HY-B0647) hydroxylated metabolite and can penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Butylphthalide exerts neuroprotective effects and has potential for cerebral ischemia research[1].
Cytidine-d13 (Cytosine β-D-riboside-d13; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-d13) is deuterium labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .
Cytidine- 13C9 (Cytosine β-D-riboside- 13C9; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside- 13C9) is 13C labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .