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2-(Methylsulfonyl)ethyl n-succinimidyl carbonate is a protein crosslinker. 2-(Methylsulfonyl)ethyl n-succinimidyl carbonate has amino protective function .
Trypacidin is the conidia-bound metabolite with antiprotozoal activity. Trypacidin has a protective function against phagocytes both in the environment and during the infection process .
MRS2768 tetrasodium salt is a moderately potent and selective P2Y2 receptor agonist. MRS2768 tetrasodium salt has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes from ischemic damage in vivo and in vitro .
Kuwanon T is an isoprenylated flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Morus alba. Kuwanon T shows protective effects on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress with a EC50 of 30.32 μM .
Raxibacumab (ABthrax) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). Raxibacumab blocks the toxin’s deleterious effects by preventing binding of the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxin to its receptors in host cells, thereby blocking the toxin’s deleterious effects. Raxibacumab can be used for anti-anthrax research .
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the major PGs actively produced in the brain of various mammals . Prostaglandin D2 is one of the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substances . PGD2 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation .
SF5 (2,2-Diphenylethyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane analog. SF5 inhibits apoptosis by the JNK-p53-caspase pathway. SF5 can be used as a new renal protective agent for drug-resistant acute renal disease .
HAMI 3379 is a potent and selective CysLT2 receptor antagonist. HAMI 3379 has a protective effect on acute and subacute ischemic brain injury, and attenuates microglia-related inflammation .
Daltroban (BM-13505) is a selective and specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist. Daltroban increase intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells. Daltroban shows protective effect in reperfusion injury .
Zacopride hydrochloride is a highly potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with Kis of 0.38 and 373 nM for 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor, respectively. Zacopride hydrochloride is also a moderate IK1 channel agonist. Zacopride hydrochloride exerts significant antiarrhythmic and cardiac protective effects .
Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities .
Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine; Oxytocic hormone) is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma .
3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL .
Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine) acetate is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin acetate can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma .
m-Tolualdehyde (3-Methylbenzaldehyde) is a compound that can be isolated from Ficus carica L. and Myosotis arvensis. m-Tolualdehyde has food protective effects. m-Tolualdehyde shows acaricidal activities for Tyrophagus putrescentiae with a LD50 of 1.97 μg/cm 3 .
Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), with proven gastric mucosal protective effects. Lafutidine can be used for the research of gastroesophageal reflux disease .
Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside (Glucoemodin) is an active compound from Reynoutria japonica. Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside shows potent anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects. Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside can be used for the research of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis .
Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits the NMDA-induced efflux of choline with an IC50 value of 2.3 µM. Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Exerts protective and trophic effects on neurons .
Azilsartan mepixetil is the antagonist of angiotensin II receptor. Azilsartan mepixetil has stronger and longer blood pressure effect, more abvious and longer lasting heart rate lowering effect and high safety. Azilsartan mepixetil achieves ideal protective effect for heart and kidney functions. Azilsartan mepixetil has the potential for the research of hypertension, chronic heart failure and diabetic nephropathy (extracted from patent CN107400122A) .
Brassicasterol is a metabolite of Ergosterol and has cardiovascular protective effects. Brassicasterol exerts anticancer effects in prostate cancer through dual targeting of AKT and androgen receptor signaling pathways. Brassicasterol inhibits HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Brassicasterol also inhibits sterol δ 24-reductase, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Brassicasterol is also a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer's disease .
Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC50=16.65 μM) . Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells . Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Stemazole is a protective agent that promotes stem cell survival. Stemazole has the protective effect of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Stemazole enhances clonal expansion of single cells and decreases apoptosis. Stemazole for the study of stem cell survival in starvation culture .
Recoflavone is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin that has a protective effect on gastric mucosa. Recoflavone has the potential to be used to research peptic ulcer disease.
Celosin L is a triterpenoid saponin with hepaprotective activity. Celosin L exhibits protective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells .
Nardoaristolone B, a non-sesquiterpene compound isolated from the root of Nardostachys jatamansi, has protective effects on cardiomyocyte injury in neonatal rats .
Mc-MMAE is a protective group (maleimidocaproyl)-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which is a potent tubulin inhibitor. Mc-MMAE is a agent-linker conjugate for ADC.
Heishuixiecaoline A is a germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid. Heishuixiecaoline A shows protective effect on the neurotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35 .
Fmoc-MMAE is a protective group-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which is a potent tubulin inhibitor. Fmoc-MMAE can be used in the synthesis of ADC .
QEQLERALNSS TFA is a helix B surface peptide (HBSP) derived from erythropoietin with tissue protective activities. QEQLERALNSS TFA protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis .
Termitomycamide E is a fatty acid amide that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Termitomycamide E shows significant protective activity against T. titanicus-toxicity .
Timosaponin BII (Prototimosaponin A III) is a steroid saponin found in the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Timosaponin BII has neuronal protective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities .
Ligustroflavone, extracted from Ligustrum lucidum, is a potential candidate as calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist. Ligustroflavone exhibits protective effects against diabetic osteoporosis in mice .
Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models .
Glomeratide A is a benzophenone C-glucoside with hepatoprotective effects. Glomeratide A has a protective effect against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver epithelial stem-like cells.
Heilaohuguosu F (compound 6) is a tetrahydrofuranolignan with weak hepatoprotective effects. Heilaohuguosu F has a mild protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells.
Alisol B 23-acetate (23-Acetylalismol B), a natural triterpenoid, produces protective effects against EE-induced cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated gene regulation.
Flavanomarein is a predominant flavonoid of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. Flavanomarein has good antioxidative, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities .
Valganciclovir hydrochloride is an orally active antiviral agent. Valganciclovir hydrochloride can inhibit the growth of adenoviruses and have a protective effect on immunosuppressed hamsters. Valganciclovir hydrochloride can be used for the research of Cytomegalovirus .
Ginkgolide K, isolated from Ginkgo biloba, induces protective autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Ginkgolide K possesses neuroprotective activity .
Cyclocreatine is a Creatine analogue and acts as a potent bioenergetic protective agent by providing high levels of ATP. Cyclocreatine crosses membranes, enters the brain, and can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by creatine kinases .
Petromurin C is a bisindolylbenzenoid compound isolated from the ascostromata of Petromycesmuricatus. Petromurin C induces protective autophagy and apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive AML .
Fmoc-VAP-MMAE is a agent-linker conjugates for ADC. Fmoc-VAP-MMAE consists of an ADC linker and a tubulin inhibitor MMAE (HY-15162), with a protective Fmoc group .
6-Epiagarotetrol is a neuroprotective agent can be extracted from Aquilaria sinensis. 6-Epiagarotetrol has a protective effect on corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage .
Herpetone, the ethylacetate extract, is a lignan compound. Herpetone can be isolated from the seeds of Herpetospermum caudigerum. Herpetone significantly improved the cell viability, and has a protective effect on hepatocytes in vitro .
PF-10040 is a quinoline derivative that can inhibit PAF-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. PF-10040 also shows protective effect in experimental NSAID-gastritis .
9-SAHSA is a fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). 9-SAHSA is a protective molecule to prevent colon carcinoma cells
from apoptotic cell death .
Tilianin is an active flavonoid glycoside found in many medical plants, with potential anti-hypertensive, myocardial-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects .
RC-3095 is a bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist . RC-3095 exerts protective effects by reducing gastric oxidative injury in the arthritic mice .
Triazavirin is a nucleoside analogue of nucleic acid and an antiviral agent. Triazavirin works by inhibiting the synthesis of viral RNA and DNA and replication of genomic fragments. Triazavirin is also an effective protective agent on the transmission stage of influenza .
DHMB (2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde) is a small organic molecule with anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity. DHMB has protective effect on intestinal epithelial cells .
Eleutherin is a type of naphthoquinone derivative with the protective effect against the injury ofhuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which can be isolated from the edible bulbs of Eleutherine americana (Hong-Cong) .
Troxipide is an orally active defensive factor-enhancing therapeutic agent for gastritis and gastric ulcer (GU). Troxipide is a non-antisecretory gastro protective agent with antiulcer, anti-inflammatory and mucus-secreting properties .
Aplodan is an antiischemic and antiarrhythmic agent. Aplodan has a protective action on cell membrane. Aplodan has the potential for the research of ischemic heart or ischemic heart disease with persistent ventricular premature beats (VPB) .
Caspase-9 Inhibitor III (Ac-LEHD-cmk) is a caspase-9 inhibitor. Caspase-9 Inhibitor III exhibits protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury .
(+)-Leucocyanidin is the isoform of Leucocyanidin (HY-119580), is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models .
STS-E412 is a selective activator of tissue-protectiveEPO receptor (including EPOR and CD131). STS-E412 can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases and organ protection .
Rotundic acid, a triterpenoid obtained from Ilex rotunda Thunb., induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through AKT/mTOR and MAPK Pathways. Rotundic acid possesses anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective abilities .
SSF-109 is a broad-spectrum fungicide which has protective activity against plant disease. SSF-109 inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol at the 14α-demethylation step in Botrytis cinerea .
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect .
Lipid X is a novel monosaccharide precursor of Lipid A (the active moiety of gram-negative endotoxin). Lipid X is protective against endotoxin administered to mice and sheep and against life-threatening gram-negative infections in mice .
Mesna (Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is an antioxidant which has cytoprotective effects. Mesna is widely used as a systemic protective agent against chemotherapy toxicity. Mesna is also used to reduce hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide .
Plantamajoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Plantago asiatica L.(Plantaginaceae). Plantamajoside has protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice model. Plantamajoside has the potential for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation .
Sodium alginate is the sodium salt of alginic acid. Sodium alginate can be extracted and purified from brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Sodium alginate can be used in food additives and pharmaceuticals, adsorb heavy metal ions, and has mucosal-protective and hemostatic effects .
(2R)-Flavanomarein is a predominant flavonoid of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. (2R)-Flavanomarein has good antioxidative, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities .
7,8,3 ',4 '-Tetramethoxyflavone is an extract
isolated from natural pomegranate juice and seeds. 7,8,3 ',4' -Tetramethoxyflavone has a protective effect on the neurotoxicity of
paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model .
Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspases 4, 5 and 9. Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO shows protective effects upon Neocarzinostatin (HY-111183)-treated MCF-7 cells .
RKH acetate exerts protective effects against sepsis-induced death and organ damage. RKH acetate can directly bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and block TLR4 signal transduction in immune cells .
Escin IIb, isolated from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., has positive effects on acute inflammation in animals . Escin IIb showed potent protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions .
10(S),17(S)-DiHDHA (also known as neuroprotectin D1 when produced in neuronal tissues) is a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid that exhibits potent protective and anti-inflammatory activities .
(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is an essential vitamin required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in mammalian cells. Pantothenic acid has protective activity against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice .
Andrographiside is a labdane diterpenoid glucoside that can be isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Andrographiside has antihepatotoxic and antioxidative effects. Andrographiside shows protective effects on mice with hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride or tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) .
SSM3 tetraTFA hydrate is a potent synthetic furin inhibitor with an EC50 and a Ki of 54 nM and 12 nM, respectively. SSM3 tetraTFA hydrate is able to block furin-dependent cell surface processing of anthrax protective antigen-83 in vitro .
Olaptesed pegol sodium A pegylated-based L-oligoribonucleotide aptamer targeting CXCL12. Olaptesed pegol sodium neutralizes CXCL12, and CXCL12 inhibition mobilizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells into the circulation and prevents their homing into the protective microenvironment .
TRC051384 is a potent inducer of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). TRC051384 exhibits protective effects against neuronal trauma via inhibition of necroptosis. TRC051384 can be used for the research of ischemic stroke .
Lercanidipine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Lercanidipine. Lercanidipine is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[1][2][3].
Nigranoic acid is a triterpenoid separated from Schisandra chinensis. Nigranoic acid inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Nigranoic acid exhibits protective effects on brain through PARP/AIF signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animal model .
SSM3 tetraTFA is a potent synthetic furin inhibitor with an EC50 and a Ki of 54 nM and 12 nM, respectively. SSM3 tetraTFA is able to block furin-dependent cell surface processing of anthrax protective antigen-83 in vitro .
PDM11 is a derivative of antioxidant resveratrol. PDM11 do not exhibit any significant protective effect against oxidation of linoleate micelles initiated by radiolysis-generated hydroxyl radicals. PDM11 is inactive in resveratrol activity assays .
Cupressuflavone is a natural product that can be found in Cupressus macrocarpa. Cupressuflavone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities. Cupressuflavone also show protective effects against CCl4-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in mice .
KS370G is an orally active hypoglycemic and cardiovascular protective agent. KS370G improves left ventricular hypertrophy and function in pressure-overload mice heart. KS370G reduces renal obstructive nephropathy .
TRC051384 hydrochloride is a potent inducer of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). TRC051384 hydrochloride exhibits protective effects against neuronal trauma via inhibition of necroptosis. TRC051384 hydrochloride can be used for the research of ischemic stroke .
Homovanillyl alcohol is a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Homovanillyl alcohol protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury and has protective effect on cardiovascular disease .
TRPV4 antagonist 4 is a potent TRPV4 antagonist with an IC50 value of 22.65 nM. TRPV4 antagonist 4 inhibits TRPV4 current. TRPV4 antagonist 4 shows protective effects on acute lung injury .
Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside is a flavonoid compound. Isorhamnetin shows a protective effect against lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2. Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside also inhibits the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals .
Ovotransferrin (328-332) has a protective activity on the blood pressure by inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), with the IC50 of 20 μM. Ovotransferrin (328-332) fragment has an activity against Cholinesterase (ChE), implicating in Alzheimer’s diseases .
Petunidin chloride is an O-methylated anthocyanidin derived from delphinidin. Petunidin chloride binds with and suppresses the activity of focal adhesion kinase and to inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-induced aortic smooth muscle cell migration, which may confer a protective effect against atherosclerosis.
Meloside A (Isovitexin 2''-O-glucoside) is a phenylpropanoid isolated from barley with antioxidant activity. In barley, phenylpropanoids have been described as having protective properties against excess UV-B radiation and have been linked to resistance to pathogens .
Antcin A is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor that inhibits the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Antcin A can inhibit Kupffer cell pyroptosis and has liver protective activity. Antcin A can be used to study inflammation, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .
Columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from Angelicae pubescentis radix and has antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside exerts significant protective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity .
Neuroprotective agent 2 (Compd 28) is a potent neuroprotective agent which has a protective effect in both salsolinol and glutamate-induced neurodegeneration models. Neuroprotective agent 2 reduces oxidative stress and caspase-3/7 activity in the glutamate model .
Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity .
Cetraxate hydrochloride (DV-1006), an orally active anti-ulcer agent with mucosal protective effects, can be used for gastric ulcers research . Cetraxate hydrochloride is a potent acrosomal proteinase acrosin inhibitor with a Ki and an IC50 of 0.94 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively .
Xanthine oxidase-IN-6 (Compound 6c) is a potent, orally active, mixed-type xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.37 µM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-6 shows strong anti-hyperuricemia and renal protective activity .
Odulimomab (anti-LFA1) is an anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody. Odulimomab inhibits proliferation of T lymphocyte and shows protective effects against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Odulimomab can be used for the research of transplant rejection and immunological disease .
Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect .
Ferroptosis-IN-4 (compound 6k) is a ferroptosis inhibitor with EC50 value of 20 μM. Ferroptosis-IN-4 has no obvious cytotoxicity. Ferroptosis-IN-4 has a protective effect in glycerol-induced RM-AKI mice with alleviating kidney dysfunction .
ATP Synthesis-IN-3 (compound 31) is an ATP hydrolysis inhibitor with protective effects during myocardial ischemia. ATP Synthesis-IN-3 can increase the ATP content of ischemic cardiomyocytes, increase the phosphorylation of PKA and phospholamban, and inhibit ischemia-induced apoptosis .
Valganciclovir (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Valganciclovir (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Valganciclovir hydrochloride is an orally active antiviral agent. Valganciclovir hydrochloride can inhibit the growth of adenoviruses and have a protective effect on immunosuppressed hamsters. Valganciclovir hydrochloride can be used for the research of Cytomegalovirus .
McMMAF is a protective group (maleimidocaproyl)-conjugated MMAF, which is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor. McMMAF can be used as a agent-linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). McMMAF is uncleavable, and must be internalized and degraded within a cell, releasing cysteine-McMMAF as the active agent .
Ergothioneine is an imidazole-2-thione derivative with orally active histidine betaine. Ergothioneine is a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK and Akt, which plays a protective role in cell apoptosis induced by stress. Ergothioneine has antioxidant activity .
Spinosyn is a kind of effective C-saccharide, which has a protective effect. Spinosyn is active through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway inhibition Aβ1-42's production and combination [3 ].
Prosaikogenin G, isolated from the roots of Bupleurum chinensis DC., exhibits significant inhibitory effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Prosaikogenin G has protective action on the kidney . Prosaikogenin G is a derivative of Saikosaponin d in the gastrointestinal tract .
LUF6096, a potent allosteric enhancer of the adenosine A3 receptor, is able to allosterically enhance agonist binding. LUF6096 shows low orthosteric affinity for any of the adenosine receptors. LUF6096 shows protective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury .
Lercanidipine- 13C,d3-1 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Lercanidipine (hydrochloride). Lercanidipine hydrochloride is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine hydrochloride has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[1][2][3].
JNJ 2408068 is a potent RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) inhibitor. JNJ 2408068 significantly inhibits replication of RSV A and B subtypes in the lungs of cotton rats without any evidence of toxicity. The minimum protective dose of JNJ 2408068 appears to be approximately 0.39 mg/kg .
Antifungal agent 81(G22)exhibitsexcellent in vitro antifungal activities against Valsa mali withIC50values of 0.48 mg/L. Antifungal agent 81also exhibits excellent in vivo protective againstV. maliat 40 mg/L .
Olaptesed pegol (NOX-A12) L-oligoribonucleotide aptamer targeting CXCL12 based on a pegylated structure. Olaptesed pegol neutralizes CXCL12, and CXCL12 inhibition mobilizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells into the circulation and prevents their homing into the protective microenvironment .
Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities .
Lafutidine-d10 is deuterium labeled Lafutidine. Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), with proven gastric mucosal protective effects. Lafutidine can be used for the research of gastroesophageal reflux disease[1].
3,4-Didehydroglabridin is a natural product that can be found in licorice. 3,4-Didehydroglabridin exhibits protective activities against carbon tetrachloride-induced HepG2 cells injury. 3,4-Didehydroglabridin has the potential for the research of liver injury .
D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system . D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities .
Tenuifoliside B, a component isolated from Polygalae Radix, inhibits potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Tenuifoliside B shows potential cognitive improvement and cerebral protective effects. Tenuifoliside B has potential to become an anti-AD lead compound .
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin is usually found together with another nephrotoxic mycotoxin, Ochratoxin A. Citrinin is also reported to possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticancer and neuro-protective effects in vitro .
PDPOB is a phenyl carboxylic acid derivative. PDPOB displays protective roles against OGD/R-evoked multiaspect neuronal deterioration in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. PDPOB has the potential for the research of cerebral ischemia .
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .
Doxepin inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine as a tricyclic antidepressant. Doxepin has therapeutic effects in atopic dermatitis,chronic urticarial,can improve cognitive processes, protect central nervous system. Doxepin has also been proposed as a protective factor against oxidative stress .
Almurtide (nor-MDP), a muramyl dipeptide derivative with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. Almurtide also shows protective effects against intraperitoneal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or intravenously Candida albicans infection in mice. Almurtide also inhibits the carcinogenic Friend leukemia virus .
β-cyano-L-Alanine (Beta-cyano-l-alanine), a nitrile of widespread occurrence in higher plants, is enzymatically produced by cyanoalanine synthase from cyanide and cysteine as substrates . β-cyano-L-Alanine abolishes the protective effect of ethanol on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury .
Regaloside C is a glycerol glucoside isolated from the bulbs of Lilium genus with anti-inflammatory activities. Regaloside C has cardiomyocyte protective activity by protecting the mitochondria in H2O2-induced heart H9C2 cells .
Guanabenz is an orally active α-2-adrenoceptor agonist. Guanabenz has antihypertensive effect and antiparasitic activity. Guanabenz interferes ER stress-signalling and has protective effects in cardiac myocytes. Guanabenz also is used for the research of high blood pressure .
Guanabenz hydrochloride is an orally active α-2-adrenoceptor agonist. Guanabenz hydrochloride has antihypertensive effect and antiparasitic activity. Guanabenz hydrochloride interferes ER stress-signalling and has protective effects in cardiac myocytes. Guanabenz hydrochloride also is used for the research of high blood pressure .
Mulberrofuran C (compound 11) is an isoprene based flavonoid compound that can be extracted from the root bark of mulberry trees. Mulberrofuran C has protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative stress with EC50 value of 1.02 μM. Mulberrofuran C has hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities .
Schisandrol B (Gomisin-A) is a major active constituent of Schisandra chinensis with hepato-protective effects. Schisandrol B inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Schisandrol B inhibits the activity of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A and also has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities .
PIM447 dihydrochloride (LGH447 dihydrochloride) is a potent, orally available, and selective pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, with Ki values of 6, 18, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively. PIM447 dihydrochloride displays dual antimyeloma and bone-protective effects. PIM447 dihydrochloride induces apoptosis .
PIM447 (LGH447) is a potent, orally available, and selective pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, with Ki values of 6, 18, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively. PIM447 displays dual antimyeloma and bone-protective effects. PIM447 induces apoptosis .
Lercanidipine- 13C,d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium and 13C labeled Lercanidipine hydrochloride[1]. Lercanidipine hydrochloride is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine hydrochloride has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[2][3][4].
Myricetin 3'-glucoside is a glycoside derivative of quercetin. Myricetin 3'-glucoside significantly prevents ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing hepatic transaminase activity and inflammatory response in HepG2 cells. Myricetin 3'-glucoside has a certain protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury .
Antifungal agent 82 (compound G34) is a antifungal agent. Antifungal agent 82 exhibits excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Valsa mali, with an EC50 of 0.57 μg/mL. Antifungal agent 82 also exhibits excellent in vivo protective effects against V. mali at 40 μg/mL .
Ebelactone A is a mycolic acid β-lactone, which exhibits inhibitory activity for esterase, lipase, fMet aminopeptidase (fMet AP) and PNBase, with IC50s of 56, 3, 8 and 7.5 μM, respectively . Ebelactone A inhibits cutinase, exhibits plants protective potency against Erysiphe graminis .
Cycloastragenol (Astramembrangenin), the active form of astragaloside IV, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-apoptotic, and cardiovascular protective effects. Cycloastragenol is a potent telomerase activator and can lengthen telomeres. Cycloastragenol alleviates age-related bone loss and improves bone microstructure and biomechanical properties .
Communic acid ((+)-Communic acid) is a natural compound isolated from the branches of Platycladus orientalis. Communic acid displays minimum inhibitory concentration of 31 μM and IC50 of 15 μM against M. tuberculosis H37Ra.Communic acid exhibits protective effects against UVB-induced skin aging .
Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a natural compound found in plants with antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiseptic and antitumor activities. Hexylresorcinol can induce apoptosis in squamous carcinoma cells. Hexylresorcinol is a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Hexylresorcinol has protective effects against oxidative DNA damage .
Sinapine is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease .
Pyrintegrin is an β1-integrin agonist and a 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine that promotes embryonic stem cells survival. Pyrintegrin enhances cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion-mediated integrin signaling. Pyrintegrin can be used as a podocyte-protective agent and has robustly adipogenic .
R18 is a peptide antagonists of 14-3-3, with a KD of 70-90 nM. R18 efficiently blocks the binding of 14-3-3 to the kinase Raf-1, a physiological ligand of 14-3-3, and effectively abolished the protective role of 14-3-3 against phosphatase-induced inactivation of Raf-1 .
Icerguastat (Sephin1), a derivative of Guanabenz lacking the α2-adrenergic activity, is a selective inhibitor of the phosphatase regulatory subunit PPP1R15A (R15A). Icerguastat inhibits eIF2α dephosphorylation, thereby prolonging the protective response. Anti-prion effect .
Droxidopa- 13C2, 15N (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Droxidopa. Droxidopa(L-DOPS), the mixture of Droxidopa (w/w80%) and Pharmaceutical starch (w/w20%), acts as a proagent to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline); Droxidopa(L-DOPS) is capable of crossing the protective blood–brain barrier[1][2].
ODN 1826 (CpG 1826), a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR9 agonist. ODN 1826 promotes Apoptosis. ODN 1826 is an excellent immune stimulator with antitumor activity. ODN 1826 has protective effects on the heart. ODN 1826 sequence: 5’-tccatgacgttcctgacgtt-3’ .
Cilgavimab (AZD-1061; COV2-2130) is a human SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, can compose monoclonal-antibody combination AZD7442 with Tixagevimab (HY-P99556). Cilgavimab shows protective action on mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection .
Hepatitis B Virus Receptor Binding Fragment (hepatitis B peptide 4980) is a synthetic peptide analog which specifically binds to Hep G2 cells. Hepatitis B Virus Receptor Binding Fragment is a promising immunogen expected to elicit protective antibodies based on the concept of the attachment blockade pathway of virus neutralization .
TMV-IN-1, chalcone derivative, is a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor. TMV-IN-1 has good therapeutic activity and protective activity against TMV with EC50 values of 70.7 μg/mL and 60.8 μg/mL, respectively. TMV-IN-1 can be used for the research of infection, inflammation and tumor .
Iso-PPADS tetrasodium is a P2X-purinoceptor antagonist. Iso-PPADS tetrasodium inhibits P2X1 and P2X3 receptor with IC50s of 43 nM and 84 nM. Iso-PPADS tetrasodium is protective against ventilator-induced brain injury (VIBI) .
KB-R7785 is a novel matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, which improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting TNF-α production. KB-R7785 can be used for diabetes research. KB-R7785 has a protective efficacy against focal cerebral ischemia .
(±)-ε-Viniferin is a racemate of ε-Viniferin (HY-N3841). (±)-ε-Viniferin exhibits P450 inhibitory antioxidants, as well as hepato-protective and antimicrobial activities. (±)-ε-Viniferin has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae with a MIC of 20 μM .
Carbimazole is an orally active antithyroid agent which rapidly converts to Methimazole after absorption and prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of thyroxine. Carbimazole also displays anti-inflammatory and neuronal-protective activities, suggesting its application for hyperthyroidism and neurological research .
AC1903 is a specific and selective inhibitor of TRPC5 and has podocyte-protective properties. AC1903 does no effects on TRPC4 or TRPC6 currents and shows no off-target effects in kinase profiling assays. AC1903 suppresses severe proteinuria and prevents podocyte loss in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) rat model .
R18 TFA is a peptide antagonists of 14-3-3, with a KD of 70-90 nM. R18 efficiently blocks the binding of 14-3-3 to the kinase Raf-1, a physiological ligand of 14-3-3, and effectively abolished the protective role of 14-3-3 against phosphatase-induced inactivation of Raf-1 .
Tetrathiomolybdate, an orally active anti-copper agent, reduces copper levels in the body. Tetrathiomolybdate has a protective effect on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Tetrathiomolybdate also reduces blood sugar, but has no effect on mice with hereditary diabetes (db/db). Tetrathiomolybdate inhibit angiogenesis, also shows antiangiogenic effects in malignant pleural mesothelioma .
LZWL02003 is an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. LZWL02003 has protective effect on MPP +-induced neuronal damage, and reduces the expression of ROS. LZWL02003 improves cognition, memory, learning, and athletic ability in a Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced PD rat model. LZWL02003 can be used for research of neurodegenerative disease .
McMMAF GMP is a GMP grade McMMAF (HY-15578). McMMAF is a protective group (maleimidocaproyl)-conjugated MMAF, which is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor. McMMAF can be used as a agent-linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). McMMAF is uncleavable, and must be internalized and degraded within a cell, releasing cysteine-McMMAF as the active agent .
Icerguastat (Sephin1) Carbonate, a derivative of Guanabenz lacking the α2-adrenergic activity, is a selective inhibitor of the phosphatase regulatory subunit PPP1R15A (R15A). Icerguastat Carbonate inhibits eIF2α dephosphorylation, thereby prolonging the protective response. Anti-prion effect .
Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mesna (Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is an antioxidant which has cytoprotective effects. Mesna is widely used as a systemic protective agent against chemotherapy toxicity. Mesna is also used to reduce hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide .
Sinapine thiocyanate is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine thiocyanate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine thiocyanate is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease .
RWJ-67657 (JNJ 3026582) is an orally active and selective p38α and p38β MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 1 and 11 μM, respectively. RWJ-67657 displays no activity at p38γ and p38δ, and exhibits cardio protective effect. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity .
Benzamide (Benzenecarboxamide) is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Benzamide has protective activity against both glutamate- and methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Benzamide can attenuate the METH-induced dopamine depletions and exhibits neuroprotective activity in mice, also has no acute effect on striatal dopamine metabolism and does not reduce body temperature .
Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease .
Vin-F03 is a potent pancreatic β-cellsprotective agent with an EC50 of 0.27 µM. Vin-F03 effectively promotes β-cell survival and protects β-cells from STZ-induced apoptosis. Vin-F03 can be used for type 2 diabetes mellitus research .
Vin-C01 is a potent pancreatic β-cellsprotective agent with an EC50 of 0.22 µM. Vin-C01 effectively promotes β-cell survival and protects β-cells from STZ-induced apoptosis. Vin-C01 can be used for type 2 diabetes mellitus research .
SDH-IN-5 (compound 7d) is a potent succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.293 μM. SDH-IN-5 is also exhibits antifungal activity, with an EC50 of 0.046 μg/mL against R. solani. SDH-IN-5 could significantly inhibit the growth of R. solani in rice leaves with excellent protective and curative efficacies .
ROS inducer 3 (Compound I6) is a ROS inducer. ROS inducer 3 has excellent in vitro bioactivity with an EC50 of 2.86 μg/mL. ROS inducer 3 has significant protective activity for preventing Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. ROS inducer 2, as a bactericidal agent, can be used for the research of intractable plant bacterial diseases .
Peimisine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Compound 1) is a steroid alkaloid. Peimisine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated and purified from natural Fritillaria unibracteata. Peimisine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside shows moderate protective effect on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity of PC12 cell line .
Taxamairin B is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Taxamairin B decreases proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) expression and the production of NO and ROS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Taxamairin B exhibits significant
protective effects in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice .
Glabridin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glabridin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities .
Cetraxate is an orally active antiulcer Drug. Cetraxate increases the blood flow of gastric mucosal. Cetraxate increases the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in smokers when in combination with Omeprazole (HY-B0113),Amoxicillin (HY-B0467A), and Clarithromycin (HY-17508) .
DL-Aspartic acid (hemimagnesium salt is DL-aspartic acid salt. DL-aspartic acid hemimagnesium salt is a commonly used food supplement and food additive, because it can promote the synthesis of protein in the human body, and has a positive effect on the nervous system and The production of cardiovascular system has a certain protective effect. In addition, due to some chemical reactions in the industry, DL-aspartic acid semi-magnesium salt can also be obtained.
Laccase-IN-1 (compound 4b) is an orally active inhibitor of laccase, with the IC50 of 11.3 μM. Laccase-IN-1displays protective and curative effects on apple fruits infected by B. dothidea. Laccase-IN-1 enhances the cell membrane permeability, destroys the mycelial surface morphology and the cell ultrastructure, and reduces the ergosterol and exopolysaccharide contents of B. dothidea .
HTH-02-006 is a NUAK2 inhibitor (IC50?=?126?nM). HTH-02-006 reduces levels of phosphorylated MYPT1 in HuCCT-1 cells. HTH-02-006 inhibits YAP-driven cell proliferation, hepatomegaly and tumorigenesis. HTH-02-006 also has antifibrotic protective effect .
9-OAHSA is a fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). 9-OAHSA shows anti-inflammatory effects via inhibiting cytokine production and reduces IL-1β and IL-6 expression. 9-OAHSA is also a protective molecule to prevent colon carcinoma cells from apoptotic cell death .
Prostaglandin D2-d9 is the deuterium labeled Prostaglandin D2. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the major PGs actively produced in the brain of various mammals[1]. Prostaglandin D2 is one of the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substances[2]. PGD2 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation[3].
Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities . Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling . Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation .
Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP . Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system . Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179) .
Prostaglandin D2-d4 is the deuterium labeled Prostaglandin D2. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the major PGs actively produced in the brain of various mammals[1]. Prostaglandin D2 is one of the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substances[2]. PGD2 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation[3].
HIOC is a potent and selective activator of TrkB (tropomyosin related kinase B) receptor. HIOC can pass the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers.HIOC activates TrkB/ERK pathway and decreases neuronal cell apoptosis. HIOC attenuates early brain injury after SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage). HIOC shows protective activity in an animal model for light-induced retinal degeneration .
VH032 analogue-1 is a VH032 (HY-120217) analog that acts as a ligand for VHL, recruiting von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein. VH032 analogue-1 will remove the protective group under acidic conditions and be directly used for PROTAC molecular synthesis. VH032 analogue-1 is a key intermediate in the synthesis of PROTACs based on VHL ligands.
VH032 analogue-2 is a VH032 (HY-120217) analog that acts as a ligand for VHL, recruiting von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein. VH032 analogue-2 will remove the protective group under acidic conditions, and can be directly used for the synthesis of PROTAC molecules. VH032 analogue-2 is a key intermediate for the synthesis of PROTACs based on VHL ligands.
Anti-inflammatory agent 31 (enone 17) is a kind of andrographolide derivatives, is a anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 31 inhibits NF-κB activation by upstream blockade of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK activation. Anti-inflammatory agent 31 shows recovery effective of the intracellular GSH levels and protective effect on liver .
Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is a quercetin derivative and plant flavonoid with antioxidant, antibacterial and antiurease effects. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside inhibits A2E photooxidation-induced RPE cell death. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is protective against retinal degeneration and protects against blue light (BL)-induced damage in RPE cells and mouse models .
OAT1/3-IN-1 (compound 7) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-1 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-1 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage .
OAT1/3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-2 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-2 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage .
Pitavastatin (NK-104) is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells. Pitavastatin is an efficient hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor inducer. Pitavastatin also possesses anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and reno-protective effects .
Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research .
Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research .
Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen) It is a kind of fragrant bean substance, and it is a CYP450 inhibitor. Xanthotoxol has anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and 5-HT antagonistic and protective effects. Xanthotoxol inhibited CYP3A4 sum CYP1A2 IC50s separation 7.43 μM sum 27.82 μM. Xanthotoxol can pass through MAPK and NF-κB, inhibiting inflammation.
Davunetide is an eight amino acid snippet derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a neurotrophic factor that exists in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic and cognitive protective roperties. Davunetide, a microtubule-stabilizing peptide, interacts with and stabilises neuron-specific βIII-tubulin in vitro. Davunetide penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is non-toxic. Davunetide inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity .
Pitavastatin (NK-104) sodium is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin sodium inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells. Pitavastatin sodium is an efficient hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor inducer. Pitavastatin sodium also possesses anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and reno-protective effects .
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (Cord Factor) is trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, a cell wall glycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be used to simulate inflammation and granuloma induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) form. Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate also protects Mycobacterium tuberculosis from macrophage-mediated killing, inhibits efficient antigen presentation, and reduces the development of protective T cell responses .
3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearat is a non-volatile compound. 3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearat can be isolated from less polar fractions of the brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh. This part of the substance has a good ability to scavenge free radicals and has a protective effect on the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in zebrafish embryos .
SIRT5 inhibitor 7 (compound 58) is a substrate-competitive and selective SIRT5 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. SIRT5 inhibitor 7 has renal protective effects and regulates protein succinylation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SIRT5 inhibitor 7 has in vivo activity in AKI mouse models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation/perforation (CLP)-induced sepsis-related acute kidney injury .
RIPK1-IN-19 (compound 10b) is a selective RIPK1 inhibitor (IC50=15 nM). RIPK1-IN-19 displays potent protective activity in TNFα-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model and Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. RIPK1-IN-19 can be used in research on inflammation and immune system diseases .
Carbimazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbimazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbimazole is an orally active antithyroid agent which rapidly converts to Methimazole after absorption and prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of thyroxine. Carbimazole also displays anti-inflammatory and neuronal-protective activities, suggesting its application for hyperthyroidism and neurological research .
Gap19, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 has protective effects against myocardial .
Tenuifolin is effective and has a protective action. Tenuifolin inhibits β-secretase decreases Aβ protein secretion, suppresses Aβ25-35 secretion, and subsequently caspase-3 and caspase-9 become active. Tenuifolin's ability to lower AChE activity, increase at the same time, increase the ability of the upper glands, and improve the ability to read and remember. Research on tenuifolin's potential for use in urinary disease (AD).
Citrinin- 13C13 (NSC 186- 13C13) is the 13C labeled Citrinin (HY-N6746) . Citrinin is a mycotoxin which causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin is usually found together with another nephrotoxic mycotoxin, Ochratoxin A. Citrinin is also reported to possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticancer and neuro-protective effects in vitro .
Y18501 is a oxysterol-binding protein (OSBPI) inhibitor with a similar structure to Oxathiapiprolin. Y18501 shows strong inhibitory activities against Phytophthora spp. and Pseudoperonospora cubensis, with EC50 ranging from 0.0005 to 0.0046 μg/mL. Y18501 shows excellent protective and curative activities against P. cubensis. Y18501 in combination with Chlorothalonil (HY-N6625) can significantly promote the inhibition of P. cubensis .
Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) is a structurally distinct product of arachidonic acid metabolism. Lipoxin B4 reduces leukocyte infiltration and mucus secretion in the nasal mucosa and decreases mast cell and eosinophil degranulation in the upper airway. Lipoxin B4 decreases airway inflammation, mucus metaplasia and hyper- responsiveness in the lower airway. Lipoxin B4 shows mucosal protective actions and has the potential for the research of allergic inflammation in the upper and lower airways .
DMOG (Dimethyloxallyl Glycine) is a cell permeable and competitive inhibitor of HIF-PH, which results in HIF-1α stabilisation and accmulation in vitro and in vivo . DMOG is an α-ketoglutarate analogue and inhibits α-KG-dependent hydroxylases. DMOG acts as a pro-angiogenic agent and plays a protective role in experimental model of colitis and diarrhoea via HIF-1 related signal . DMOG induces cell autophagy .
GW274150 is a potent, selective, orally active and NADPH-dependent inhibitor of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (IC50=2.19 μM; Kd=40 nM) and rat iNOS (ED50=1.15 μM). GW274150 also displays less potency for both humans or rats endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). GW274150 exerts a protective role in an acute model of lung injury inflammation .
alpha-Bisabolol, an orally active sesquiterpene alcohol, induces cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. alpha-Bisabolol exerts a protective action against Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of NFκB activation. alpha-Bisabolol exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic and anticancer activities .
HCH6-1 is a potent and competitive dipeptide antagonist of Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). HCH6-1 inhibits chemotaxis, superoxide anion generation, and elastase release in human neutrophils specifically activated by fMLF (an FPR1 agonist). HCH6-1 has protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo and can be used for the research of FPR1-involved inflammatory lung diseases .
Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2 . Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration . Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity .
Harpagoside can be obtained by Harpagophytum procumbens, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, protective activity, and efficacy. Harpagoside has an inhibitory effect on COX-1 and COX-2 active, and suppresses NO production. Harpagoside inhibits HepG2 cell lipid polysaccharide, which is a protein that is expressed horizontally and selectively, and has anti-inflammatory and latent pain effects. Harpagoside has the ability to protect the body, and has a degenerative effect on the β-oxidation (Aβ).
Gap19 TFA, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 TFA inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 TFA is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 TFA has protective effects against myocardial .
GW274150 phosphate is a potent, selective, orally active and NADPH-dependent inhibitor of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (IC50=2.19 μM; Kd=40 nM) and rat iNOS (ED50=1.15 μM). GW274150 phosphate displays less potency for both humans or rats endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). GW274150 phosphate exerts a protective role in an acute model of lung injury inflammation .
ZX-29 is a potent and selective ALK inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.1 nM, 1.3 nM and 3.9 nM for ALK, ALK L1196M and ALK G1202R mutations, respectively. ZX-29 is inactive against EGFR. ZX-29 induces apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and overcomes cell resistance caused by an ALK mutation. ZX-29 also induces protectiveautophagy and has antitumor effect .
MRS1334 is a potent and selective human adenosine A3 receptor antagonist with Kis of 2.69 nM, >100 nM, >100 nM for hA3, rA1, rA2A, respectively. MRS1334 blocks the protective effect of Cl-IB-MECA leading to significant bradycardia and elevated ST segment . MRS1334 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
GW274150 (dihydrochloride) is a potent, selective, orally active and NADPH-dependent inhibitor of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (IC50=2.19 μM; Kd=40 nM) and rat iNOS (ED50=1.15 μM). GW274150 (dihydrochloride) displays less potency for both humans or rats endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). GW274150 (dihydrochloride) exerts a protective role in an acute model of lung injury inflammation .
HYDAMTIQ is a PARP-1/2 inhibitor (IC50: 29-38 nM) with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and ischemic protective effects. HYDAMTIQ inhibits pulmonary PARP activity, is effective against allergen-induced cough and dyspnea, and inhibits bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. HYDAMTIQ has broad-spectrum tumor suppressor effects, including ovarian and breast cancers, prostate and pancreatic tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme. HYDAMTIQ has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in animal models of cerebral ischemia, asthma, cancer, and more .
Pitavastatin Calcium (NK-104 hemicalcium) is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin Calcium (NK-104 hemicalcium) inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells. Pitavastatin Calcium is an efficient hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor inducer. Pitavastatin Calcium also possesses anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and reno-protective effects .
MEG (Mercaptoethylguanidine) hemisulfate is a potent and selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), with EC50s of 11.5, 110, and 60 μM for iNOS, ecNOS, and bNOS respectively in tissue homogenates. MEG hemisulfate is also a potent scavenger of peroxynitrite and inhibits peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes. MEG hemisulfate has a protective effect in many experimental models of inflammation, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, periodontitis, hemorrhagic shock, inflammatory bowel disease, and endotoxic and septic shock .
NAB2 is a neuron-protective agent. NAB2 strongly and selectively protects diverse cell types from α-syn toxicity. NAB2 promots endosomal transport events dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5/Nedd4. NAB2 identifies a agentgable node in the biology of α-syn that can correct multiple aspects of its underlying pathology, including dysfunctional endosomal and endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking .
Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant[1] and anti-inflammatory activities[3]. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling[2]. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation[3].
Eflepedocokin alfa is a recombinant fusion protein with potential cell protective activity. Eflepedocokin alfa consists of human IL-22 fused to human IgG2-Fc domain. Eflepedocokin alfa leads to the activation of IL-22/IL-22R-mediated signal transduction pathways as well as STAT3. Eflepedocokin alfa plays a role in immune response and bacterial infection, enhancing intestinal barrier function, intestinal immunity, and tissue repair .
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) .
VH032-C3-Boc is a Boc-modified VH032 (HY-120217) that serves as a ligand for VHL and recruits von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) proteins. VH032-C3-Boc will remove the protective group under acidic conditions and be directly used for PROTAC molecular synthesis. VH032-C3-Boc is a key intermediate for the synthesis of PROTACs based on VHL ligands.
Doxepin hydrochloride is an orally active tricyclic antidepressant agent. Doxepin hydrochloride is a potent and selective histamine receptor H1 antagonist. Doxepin hydrochloride is also a potent CYP450 inhibitor and significantly inhibits CYP450 2C19 and 1A2 . Doxepin inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine as a tricyclic antidepressant .. Doxepin has therapeutic effects in atopic dermatitis,chronic urticarial,can improve cognitive processes, protect central nervous system .. Doxepin has also been proposed as a protective factor against oxidative stress ..
Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities .
Folic acid disodium (Vitamin B9 disodium; Vitamin M disodium) is an orally active disodium salt form of Folic acid (HY-16637) with an intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of 4.96·10 5 g/s . Folic acid disodium serves as cofactor in single-carbon transfer reactions and exhibits protective effects against neural tube defects, ischemic events, and cancer. Folate acid disodium overload leads to impaired brain development in embryogenesis and promotes growth of precancerous altered cells. Folic acid deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia .
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica), has anticancer activity. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and has barrier protective effects on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway, effectively inhibits inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model .
NecroX-7 is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 can be used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research .
Doxepin (Hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxepin (Hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxepin hydrochloride is an orally active tricyclic antidepressant agent. Doxepin hydrochloride is a potent and selective histamine receptor H1 antagonist. Doxepin hydrochloride is also a potent CYP450 inhibitor and significantly inhibits CYP450 2C19 and 1A2 . Doxepin inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine as a tricyclic antidepressant .. Doxepin has therapeutic effects in atopic dermatitis,chronic urticarial,can improve cognitive processes, protect central nervous system .. Doxepin has also been proposed as a protective factor against oxidative stress ..
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is a major determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. Human serum albumin exhibits antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation activities as well as colloid osmotic action. Human serum albumin can block the inhibitory effect of GML on human T cells, providing protective function for T cells. Human serum albumin is also associated with cardiovascular diseases and can partially prevent the LPS (HY-D1056) induced oxidative stress, as well as the upregulation of NF-κB, NF-κB, and peroxynitrite (ONOO −) in the vascular wall, contributing to the reduction of blood pressure .
(-)-Latifolin, a flavonoid, induces apoptotic cell death by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling. (-)-Latifolin significantly inhibits the cell proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and causes the anti-metastatic activities by effectively blocking cell migration, invasion, and adhesion via the inactivation of FAK/Src. (-)-Latifolin suppresses autophagic-related proteins and autophagosome formation. (-)-Latifolin inhibits necroptosis by dephosphorylating necroptosis-regulatory proteins (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL). (-)-Latifolin has beneficial effects on anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective activities .
Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate-d4 is a deuterium labeled Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (HY-133676). Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate is an oxidative metabolite of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate may protective sperm DNA damage. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the predominant plasticizer added to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to impart flexibility, temperature tolerance, optical clarity, strength and resistance to kinking .
IMM-H007 (WS070117) is an orally active and potent AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activator and TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) antagonist. IMM-H007 has protective effects in cardiovascular diseases via activation of AMPK. IMM-H007 negatively regulates endothelium inflammation through inactivating NF-κB and JNK/AP1 signaling. IMM-H007 inhibits ABCA1 degradation. IMM-H007 resolves hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed hamsters by the regulation of lipid metabolism. IMM-H007 can be used for the research of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory atherosclerosis .
Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate-d4 (MEHHP-d4) is a deuterium labeled Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (HY-133677). Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) is an oxidative metabolite of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate may protective sperm DNA damage. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the predominant plasticizer added to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to impart flexibility, temperature tolerance, optical clarity, strength and resistance to kinking .
Dioscin (CCRIS 4123; Collettiside III) is a natural plant-derived steroidal saponin that has good anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancer cells. Dioscin causes DNA damage and induces apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells. Dioscin regulates ROS-mediated DNA damage and mitochondrial signaling pathways, exerting anticancer activity .
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.
The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 583 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.
McMMAF GMP is a GMP grade McMMAF (HY-15578). McMMAF is a protective group (maleimidocaproyl)-conjugated MMAF, which is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor. McMMAF can be used as a agent-linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). McMMAF is uncleavable, and must be internalized and degraded within a cell, releasing cysteine-McMMAF as the active agent .
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is a major determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. Human serum albumin exhibits antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation activities as well as colloid osmotic action. Human serum albumin can block the inhibitory effect of GML on human T cells, providing protective function for T cells. Human serum albumin is also associated with cardiovascular diseases and can partially prevent the LPS (HY-D1056) induced oxidative stress, as well as the upregulation of NF-κB, NF-κB, and peroxynitrite (ONOO −) in the vascular wall, contributing to the reduction of blood pressure .
McMMAF GMP is a GMP grade McMMAF (HY-15578). McMMAF is a protective group (maleimidocaproyl)-conjugated MMAF, which is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor. McMMAF can be used as a agent-linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). McMMAF is uncleavable, and must be internalized and degraded within a cell, releasing cysteine-McMMAF as the active agent .
DL-Aspartic acid (hemimagnesium salt is DL-aspartic acid salt. DL-aspartic acid hemimagnesium salt is a commonly used food supplement and food additive, because it can promote the synthesis of protein in the human body, and has a positive effect on the nervous system and The production of cardiovascular system has a certain protective effect. In addition, due to some chemical reactions in the industry, DL-aspartic acid semi-magnesium salt can also be obtained.
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (Cord Factor) is trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, a cell wall glycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be used to simulate inflammation and granuloma induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) form. Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate also protects Mycobacterium tuberculosis from macrophage-mediated killing, inhibits efficient antigen presentation, and reduces the development of protective T cell responses .
Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine; Oxytocic hormone) is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma .
Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine) acetate is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin acetate can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma .
QEQLERALNSS TFA is a helix B surface peptide (HBSP) derived from erythropoietin with tissue protective activities. QEQLERALNSS TFA protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis .
Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspases 4, 5 and 9. Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO shows protective effects upon Neocarzinostatin (HY-111183)-treated MCF-7 cells .
RKH acetate exerts protective effects against sepsis-induced death and organ damage. RKH acetate can directly bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and block TLR4 signal transduction in immune cells .
Ovotransferrin (328-332) has a protective activity on the blood pressure by inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), with the IC50 of 20 μM. Ovotransferrin (328-332) fragment has an activity against Cholinesterase (ChE), implicating in Alzheimer’s diseases .
R18 is a peptide antagonists of 14-3-3, with a KD of 70-90 nM. R18 efficiently blocks the binding of 14-3-3 to the kinase Raf-1, a physiological ligand of 14-3-3, and effectively abolished the protective role of 14-3-3 against phosphatase-induced inactivation of Raf-1 .
Hepatitis B Virus Receptor Binding Fragment (hepatitis B peptide 4980) is a synthetic peptide analog which specifically binds to Hep G2 cells. Hepatitis B Virus Receptor Binding Fragment is a promising immunogen expected to elicit protective antibodies based on the concept of the attachment blockade pathway of virus neutralization .
R18 TFA is a peptide antagonists of 14-3-3, with a KD of 70-90 nM. R18 efficiently blocks the binding of 14-3-3 to the kinase Raf-1, a physiological ligand of 14-3-3, and effectively abolished the protective role of 14-3-3 against phosphatase-induced inactivation of Raf-1 .
Davunetide is an eight amino acid snippet derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a neurotrophic factor that exists in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic and cognitive protective roperties. Davunetide, a microtubule-stabilizing peptide, interacts with and stabilises neuron-specific βIII-tubulin in vitro. Davunetide penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is non-toxic. Davunetide inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity .
Gap19, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 has protective effects against myocardial .
Gap19 TFA, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 TFA inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 TFA is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 TFA has protective effects against myocardial .
Raxibacumab (ABthrax) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). Raxibacumab blocks the toxin’s deleterious effects by preventing binding of the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxin to its receptors in host cells, thereby blocking the toxin’s deleterious effects. Raxibacumab can be used for anti-anthrax research .
Obiltoxaximab is a potent anti-protective antigen (PA) monoclonal antibody. Obiltoxaximab plays a central role in anthrax toxin assembly and target cell intoxication. Obiltoxaximab can be used in animal‐to‐human dose translation for research of inhalational anthrax .
Cilgavimab (AZD-1061; COV2-2130) is a human SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, can compose monoclonal-antibody combination AZD7442 with Tixagevimab (HY-P99556). Cilgavimab shows protective action on mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection .
Odulimomab (anti-LFA1) is an anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody. Odulimomab inhibits proliferation of T lymphocyte and shows protective effects against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Odulimomab can be used for the research of transplant rejection and immunological disease .
Eflepedocokin alfa is a recombinant fusion protein with potential cell protective activity. Eflepedocokin alfa consists of human IL-22 fused to human IgG2-Fc domain. Eflepedocokin alfa leads to the activation of IL-22/IL-22R-mediated signal transduction pathways as well as STAT3. Eflepedocokin alfa plays a role in immune response and bacterial infection, enhancing intestinal barrier function, intestinal immunity, and tissue repair .
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the major PGs actively produced in the brain of various mammals . Prostaglandin D2 is one of the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substances . PGD2 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation .
Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities .
Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine; Oxytocic hormone) is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma .
Trypacidin is the conidia-bound metabolite with antiprotozoal activity. Trypacidin has a protective function against phagocytes both in the environment and during the infection process .
3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL .
Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine) acetate is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin acetate can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma .
m-Tolualdehyde (3-Methylbenzaldehyde) is a compound that can be isolated from Ficus carica L. and Myosotis arvensis. m-Tolualdehyde has food protective effects. m-Tolualdehyde shows acaricidal activities for Tyrophagus putrescentiae with a LD50 of 1.97 μg/cm 3 .
Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside (Glucoemodin) is an active compound from Reynoutria japonica. Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside shows potent anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects. Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside can be used for the research of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis .
Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits the NMDA-induced efflux of choline with an IC50 value of 2.3 µM. Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Exerts protective and trophic effects on neurons .
Brassicasterol is a metabolite of Ergosterol and has cardiovascular protective effects. Brassicasterol exerts anticancer effects in prostate cancer through dual targeting of AKT and androgen receptor signaling pathways. Brassicasterol inhibits HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Brassicasterol also inhibits sterol δ 24-reductase, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Brassicasterol is also a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer's disease .
Celosin L is a triterpenoid saponin with hepaprotective activity. Celosin L exhibits protective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells .
Nardoaristolone B, a non-sesquiterpene compound isolated from the root of Nardostachys jatamansi, has protective effects on cardiomyocyte injury in neonatal rats .
Heishuixiecaoline A is a germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid. Heishuixiecaoline A shows protective effect on the neurotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35 .
Termitomycamide E is a fatty acid amide that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Termitomycamide E shows significant protective activity against T. titanicus-toxicity .
Timosaponin BII (Prototimosaponin A III) is a steroid saponin found in the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Timosaponin BII has neuronal protective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities .
Ligustroflavone, extracted from Ligustrum lucidum, is a potential candidate as calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist. Ligustroflavone exhibits protective effects against diabetic osteoporosis in mice .
Leucocyanidin is an active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient was extracted from Litchi Chinensis. Leucocyanidin demonstrates a significant protective effect against Aspirin-induced erosions in rat models .
Glomeratide A is a benzophenone C-glucoside with hepatoprotective effects. Glomeratide A has a protective effect against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver epithelial stem-like cells.
Heilaohuguosu F (compound 6) is a tetrahydrofuranolignan with weak hepatoprotective effects. Heilaohuguosu F has a mild protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells.
Alisol B 23-acetate (23-Acetylalismol B), a natural triterpenoid, produces protective effects against EE-induced cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated gene regulation.
Flavanomarein is a predominant flavonoid of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. Flavanomarein has good antioxidative, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities .
Ginkgolide K, isolated from Ginkgo biloba, induces protective autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Ginkgolide K possesses neuroprotective activity .
Petromurin C is a bisindolylbenzenoid compound isolated from the ascostromata of Petromycesmuricatus. Petromurin C induces protective autophagy and apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive AML .
6-Epiagarotetrol is a neuroprotective agent can be extracted from Aquilaria sinensis. 6-Epiagarotetrol has a protective effect on corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage .
Tilianin is an active flavonoid glycoside found in many medical plants, with potential anti-hypertensive, myocardial-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects .
Eleutherin is a type of naphthoquinone derivative with the protective effect against the injury ofhuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which can be isolated from the edible bulbs of Eleutherine americana (Hong-Cong) .
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect .
Plantamajoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Plantago asiatica L.(Plantaginaceae). Plantamajoside has protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice model. Plantamajoside has the potential for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation .
(2R)-Flavanomarein is a predominant flavonoid of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. (2R)-Flavanomarein has good antioxidative, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities .
7,8,3 ',4 '-Tetramethoxyflavone is an extract
isolated from natural pomegranate juice and seeds. 7,8,3 ',4' -Tetramethoxyflavone has a protective effect on the neurotoxicity of
paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model .
Escin IIb, isolated from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., has positive effects on acute inflammation in animals . Escin IIb showed potent protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions .
10(S),17(S)-DiHDHA (also known as neuroprotectin D1 when produced in neuronal tissues) is a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid that exhibits potent protective and anti-inflammatory activities .
(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is an essential vitamin required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in mammalian cells. Pantothenic acid has protective activity against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice .
Andrographiside is a labdane diterpenoid glucoside that can be isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Andrographiside has antihepatotoxic and antioxidative effects. Andrographiside shows protective effects on mice with hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride or tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) .
Nigranoic acid is a triterpenoid separated from Schisandra chinensis. Nigranoic acid inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Nigranoic acid exhibits protective effects on brain through PARP/AIF signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animal model .
Cupressuflavone is a natural product that can be found in Cupressus macrocarpa. Cupressuflavone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities. Cupressuflavone also show protective effects against CCl4-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in mice .
Homovanillyl alcohol is a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Homovanillyl alcohol protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury and has protective effect on cardiovascular disease .
Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside is a flavonoid compound. Isorhamnetin shows a protective effect against lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2. Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside also inhibits the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals .
Petunidin chloride is an O-methylated anthocyanidin derived from delphinidin. Petunidin chloride binds with and suppresses the activity of focal adhesion kinase and to inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-induced aortic smooth muscle cell migration, which may confer a protective effect against atherosclerosis.
Meloside A (Isovitexin 2''-O-glucoside) is a phenylpropanoid isolated from barley with antioxidant activity. In barley, phenylpropanoids have been described as having protective properties against excess UV-B radiation and have been linked to resistance to pathogens .
Antcin A is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor that inhibits the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Antcin A can inhibit Kupffer cell pyroptosis and has liver protective activity. Antcin A can be used to study inflammation, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .
Columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from Angelicae pubescentis radix and has antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside exerts significant protective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity .
Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity .
Spinosyn is a kind of effective C-saccharide, which has a protective effect. Spinosyn is active through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway inhibition Aβ1-42's production and combination [3 ].
Prosaikogenin G, isolated from the roots of Bupleurum chinensis DC., exhibits significant inhibitory effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Prosaikogenin G has protective action on the kidney . Prosaikogenin G is a derivative of Saikosaponin d in the gastrointestinal tract .
Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities .
3,4-Didehydroglabridin is a natural product that can be found in licorice. 3,4-Didehydroglabridin exhibits protective activities against carbon tetrachloride-induced HepG2 cells injury. 3,4-Didehydroglabridin has the potential for the research of liver injury .
D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system . D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities .
Tenuifoliside B, a component isolated from Polygalae Radix, inhibits potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Tenuifoliside B shows potential cognitive improvement and cerebral protective effects. Tenuifoliside B has potential to become an anti-AD lead compound .
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin is usually found together with another nephrotoxic mycotoxin, Ochratoxin A. Citrinin is also reported to possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticancer and neuro-protective effects in vitro .
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .
β-cyano-L-Alanine (Beta-cyano-l-alanine), a nitrile of widespread occurrence in higher plants, is enzymatically produced by cyanoalanine synthase from cyanide and cysteine as substrates . β-cyano-L-Alanine abolishes the protective effect of ethanol on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury .
Regaloside C is a glycerol glucoside isolated from the bulbs of Lilium genus with anti-inflammatory activities. Regaloside C has cardiomyocyte protective activity by protecting the mitochondria in H2O2-induced heart H9C2 cells .
Mulberrofuran C (compound 11) is an isoprene based flavonoid compound that can be extracted from the root bark of mulberry trees. Mulberrofuran C has protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative stress with EC50 value of 1.02 μM. Mulberrofuran C has hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities .
Schisandrol B (Gomisin-A) is a major active constituent of Schisandra chinensis with hepato-protective effects. Schisandrol B inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Schisandrol B inhibits the activity of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A and also has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities .
Myricetin 3'-glucoside is a glycoside derivative of quercetin. Myricetin 3'-glucoside significantly prevents ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing hepatic transaminase activity and inflammatory response in HepG2 cells. Myricetin 3'-glucoside has a certain protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury .
Ebelactone A is a mycolic acid β-lactone, which exhibits inhibitory activity for esterase, lipase, fMet aminopeptidase (fMet AP) and PNBase, with IC50s of 56, 3, 8 and 7.5 μM, respectively . Ebelactone A inhibits cutinase, exhibits plants protective potency against Erysiphe graminis .
Communic acid ((+)-Communic acid) is a natural compound isolated from the branches of Platycladus orientalis. Communic acid displays minimum inhibitory concentration of 31 μM and IC50 of 15 μM against M. tuberculosis H37Ra.Communic acid exhibits protective effects against UVB-induced skin aging .
Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a natural compound found in plants with antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiseptic and antitumor activities. Hexylresorcinol can induce apoptosis in squamous carcinoma cells. Hexylresorcinol is a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Hexylresorcinol has protective effects against oxidative DNA damage .
Sinapine is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease .
(±)-ε-Viniferin is a racemate of ε-Viniferin (HY-N3841). (±)-ε-Viniferin exhibits P450 inhibitory antioxidants, as well as hepato-protective and antimicrobial activities. (±)-ε-Viniferin has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae with a MIC of 20 μM .
Sinapine thiocyanate is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine thiocyanate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine thiocyanate is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease .
Benzamide (Benzenecarboxamide) is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Benzamide has protective activity against both glutamate- and methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Benzamide can attenuate the METH-induced dopamine depletions and exhibits neuroprotective activity in mice, also has no acute effect on striatal dopamine metabolism and does not reduce body temperature .
Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease .
Peimisine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Compound 1) is a steroid alkaloid. Peimisine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated and purified from natural Fritillaria unibracteata. Peimisine 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside shows moderate protective effect on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity of PC12 cell line .
Taxamairin B is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Taxamairin B decreases proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) expression and the production of NO and ROS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Taxamairin B exhibits significant
protective effects in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice .
Glabridin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glabridin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities .
Laccase-IN-1 (compound 4b) is an orally active inhibitor of laccase, with the IC50 of 11.3 μM. Laccase-IN-1displays protective and curative effects on apple fruits infected by B. dothidea. Laccase-IN-1 enhances the cell membrane permeability, destroys the mycelial surface morphology and the cell ultrastructure, and reduces the ergosterol and exopolysaccharide contents of B. dothidea .
Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP . Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system . Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179) .
Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is a quercetin derivative and plant flavonoid with antioxidant, antibacterial and antiurease effects. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside inhibits A2E photooxidation-induced RPE cell death. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is protective against retinal degeneration and protects against blue light (BL)-induced damage in RPE cells and mouse models .
OAT1/3-IN-1 (compound 7) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-1 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-1 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage .
OAT1/3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-2 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-2 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage .
Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen) It is a kind of fragrant bean substance, and it is a CYP450 inhibitor. Xanthotoxol has anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and 5-HT antagonistic and protective effects. Xanthotoxol inhibited CYP3A4 sum CYP1A2 IC50s separation 7.43 μM sum 27.82 μM. Xanthotoxol can pass through MAPK and NF-κB, inhibiting inflammation.
Tenuifolin is effective and has a protective action. Tenuifolin inhibits β-secretase decreases Aβ protein secretion, suppresses Aβ25-35 secretion, and subsequently caspase-3 and caspase-9 become active. Tenuifolin's ability to lower AChE activity, increase at the same time, increase the ability of the upper glands, and improve the ability to read and remember. Research on tenuifolin's potential for use in urinary disease (AD).
alpha-Bisabolol, an orally active sesquiterpene alcohol, induces cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. alpha-Bisabolol exerts a protective action against Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of NFκB activation. alpha-Bisabolol exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic and anticancer activities .
Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2 . Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration . Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity .
Harpagoside can be obtained by Harpagophytum procumbens, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, protective activity, and efficacy. Harpagoside has an inhibitory effect on COX-1 and COX-2 active, and suppresses NO production. Harpagoside inhibits HepG2 cell lipid polysaccharide, which is a protein that is expressed horizontally and selectively, and has anti-inflammatory and latent pain effects. Harpagoside has the ability to protect the body, and has a degenerative effect on the β-oxidation (Aβ).
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) .
Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities .
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica), has anticancer activity. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and has barrier protective effects on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway, effectively inhibits inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model .
(-)-Latifolin, a flavonoid, induces apoptotic cell death by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling. (-)-Latifolin significantly inhibits the cell proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and causes the anti-metastatic activities by effectively blocking cell migration, invasion, and adhesion via the inactivation of FAK/Src. (-)-Latifolin suppresses autophagic-related proteins and autophagosome formation. (-)-Latifolin inhibits necroptosis by dephosphorylating necroptosis-regulatory proteins (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL). (-)-Latifolin has beneficial effects on anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective activities .
Dioscin (CCRIS 4123; Collettiside III) is a natural plant-derived steroidal saponin that has good anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancer cells. Dioscin causes DNA damage and induces apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells. Dioscin regulates ROS-mediated DNA damage and mitochondrial signaling pathways, exerting anticancer activity .
Cathepsin A, a multifunctional protein, crucially supports beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase activities. It forms protective associations with these enzymes, ensuring their stability and overall function. Cathepsin A also displays carboxypeptidase activity and the ability to deamidate tachykinins, highlighting its diverse enzymatic functions. Cathepsin A Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Cathepsin A protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Cathepsin A Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 451 a.a., with molecular weight of ~52.8 kDa.
Cathepsin A Protein, Human (HEK293, His, solution) is a 58-60 kDa human cathepsin A protein with a His-flag. Cathepsin A is a multicatalytic enzyme with carboxypeptidase activities.
Lercanidipine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Lercanidipine. Lercanidipine is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[1][2][3].
Lercanidipine- 13C,d3-1 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Lercanidipine (hydrochloride). Lercanidipine hydrochloride is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine hydrochloride has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[1][2][3].
Lafutidine-d10 is deuterium labeled Lafutidine. Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), with proven gastric mucosal protective effects. Lafutidine can be used for the research of gastroesophageal reflux disease[1].
Lercanidipine- 13C,d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium and 13C labeled Lercanidipine hydrochloride[1]. Lercanidipine hydrochloride is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine hydrochloride has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[2][3][4].
Droxidopa- 13C2, 15N (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Droxidopa. Droxidopa(L-DOPS), the mixture of Droxidopa (w/w80%) and Pharmaceutical starch (w/w20%), acts as a proagent to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline); Droxidopa(L-DOPS) is capable of crossing the protective blood–brain barrier[1][2].
Prostaglandin D2-d9 is the deuterium labeled Prostaglandin D2. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the major PGs actively produced in the brain of various mammals[1]. Prostaglandin D2 is one of the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substances[2]. PGD2 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation[3].
Prostaglandin D2-d4 is the deuterium labeled Prostaglandin D2. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the major PGs actively produced in the brain of various mammals[1]. Prostaglandin D2 is one of the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substances[2]. PGD2 plays a protective role by suppressing inflammation[3].
Citrinin- 13C13 (NSC 186- 13C13) is the 13C labeled Citrinin (HY-N6746) . Citrinin is a mycotoxin which causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin is usually found together with another nephrotoxic mycotoxin, Ochratoxin A. Citrinin is also reported to possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticancer and neuro-protective effects in vitro .
Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant[1] and anti-inflammatory activities[3]. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling[2]. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation[3].
Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate-d4 is a deuterium labeled Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (HY-133676). Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate is an oxidative metabolite of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate may protective sperm DNA damage. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the predominant plasticizer added to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to impart flexibility, temperature tolerance, optical clarity, strength and resistance to kinking .
Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate-d4 (MEHHP-d4) is a deuterium labeled Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (HY-133677). Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) is an oxidative metabolite of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate may protective sperm DNA damage. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the predominant plasticizer added to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to impart flexibility, temperature tolerance, optical clarity, strength and resistance to kinking .