Toll-like receptor 9

Definition:

Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection (By similarity). Upon CpG stimulation, induces B-cell proliferation, activation, survival and antibody production.

References:

[1]. Sarah L Doyle, et al. Signaling by Toll-like receptors 8 and 9 requires Bruton's tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 21;282(51):36953-60. [Content Brief]

[2]. F Takeshita, et al. Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 9 in CpG DNA-induced activation of human cells. J Immunol. 2001 Oct 1;167(7):3555-8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Fu Jun Li, et al. FCRL3 promotes TLR9-induced B-cell activation and suppresses plasma cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol. 2013 Nov;43(11):2980-92. [Content Brief]

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