Twist-related protein 1

Definition:

Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits myogenesis by sequestrating E proteins, inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2, and inhibiting DNA-binding by MYOD1 through physical interaction. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins. Also represses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Regulates cranial suture patterning and fusion. Activates transcription as a heterodimer with E proteins. Regulates gene expression differentially, depending on dimer composition. Homodimers induce expression of FGFR2 and POSTN while heterodimers repress FGFR2 and POSTN expression and induce THBS1 expression. Heterodimerization is also required for osteoblast differentiation. Represses the activity of the circadian transcriptional activator: NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimer (By similarity).

References:

[1]. Drazen Šošić, et al. Twist regulates cytokine gene expression through a negative feedback loop that represses NF-kappaB activity. Cell. 2003 Jan 24;112(2):169-80. [Content Brief]

[2]. Xiaopeng Deng, et al. Functional Analysis of Two Novel Mutations in TWIST1 Protein Motifs Found in Ventricular Septal Defect Patients. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015 Dec;36(8):1602-9. [Content Brief]

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