Applicability of endochitinase of Flavobacterium johnsoniae with transglycosylation activity in generating long-chain chitooligosaccharides

Chitin and its derivatives are used for a variety of applications. Flavobacterium johnsoniae UW101 is an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium. Genome analysis of F. johnsoniae UW101 revealed the presence of 10 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that may degrade or modify chitin. The gene encoding chitinase B (FjchiB), which encodes a single catalytic GH18 domain has been cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. FjChiB was optimally active in 50 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 40 °C. FjChiB was salt-tolerant and catalytically versatile, with substrate specificity towards 75% DDA (degree of de-acetylation) chitosan, followed by colloidal chitin. Chitotetraose (DP4) was the shortest of the oligomeric substrates used by FjChiB. The K_m and V_max values of FjChiB for colloidal chitin were 49.38 mg/ml and 11.2 nanokat mg^-1, respectively. The overall catalytic efficiency (k_cat/K_m) of FjChiB was 1.40 × 10³ mg^-1 ml s^-1. FjChiB exhibited transglycosylation (TG) with chitopentaose (DP5) and chitohexaose (DP6) substrates. The TG by FjChiB was fine-tuned by introducing a tryptophan (G106W) and asparagine (D148N) in the highly conserved catalytic groove and catalytic center, respectively. Hydrolytic products profile and homology modelling indicated that FjChiB is an endochitinase that holds promise for the conversion of chitin into useful products through both TG and/or hydrolysis.