Method

Techniques for reprogramming somatic cells create new opportunities for drug screening, disease modeling, artificial organ development, and cell therapy. The development of reprogramming techniques has grown exponentially since Yamanaka reprogrammed somatic cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC in 2006. Despite the development of efficient reprogramming methods, most methods are inappropriate for clinical applications because they carry the risk of integrating exogenous genetic factors or use oncogenes. Alternative approaches, such as those based on miRNA, non-viral genes, non-integrative vectors, and small molecules, have been studied as possible solutions to the problems. Among these alternatives, small molecules are attractive options for clinical applications. Reprogramming using small molecules is inexpensive and easy to control in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It offers a high level of cell permeability, ease of synthesis and standardization, and it is appropriate for mass-producing cells.

MCE Reprogramming Compound Library contains a unique collection of 2,109 compounds that act on reprogramming signaling pathways. These compounds are potential stimulators for reprogramming. This library is a useful tool for researching reprogramming and regenerative medicine.

Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer. It can be used alone for some types of cancer or in combination with other treatments such as radiation or surgery. Chemotherapy drugs usually target cells at different phases of the cell cycle and inhibit tumor proliferation and avoid cancer cell invasion and metastasis. It is a cancer treatment method that kills cancer cells with drugs.

Chemotherapeutic agents can be classified into alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antimicrotubular agents, antibiotics, etc. according to the mechanism of action. MCE offers a unique collection of 99 chemotherapy drugs, which is a useful tool for cancer treatment research.

Stem cells, which are found in all multi-cellular organisms, can divide and differentiate into diverse special cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. To be useful in therapy, stem cells must be converted into desired cell types as necessary which is called induced differentiation or directed differentiation. Understanding and using signaling pathways for differentiation is an important method in successful regenerative medicine. Small molecules or growth factors induce the conversion of stem cells into appropriate progenitor cells, which will later give rise to the desired cell type. There is a variety of signal molecules and molecular families that may affect the establishment of germ layers in vivo, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs); the wnt family or superfamily of transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). Unfortunately, for now, a high cost of recombinant factors is likely to limit their use on a larger scale in medicine. The more promising technique focuses on the use of small molecules. These small molecules can be used for either activating or deactivating specific signaling pathways. They enhance reprogramming efficiency by creating cells that are compatible with the desired type of tissue. It is a cheaper and non-immunogenic method.

MCE Differentiation Inducing Compound Library contains a unique collection of 1,463 compounds that act on signaling pathways for differentiation. These compounds are potential stimulators for induced differentiation. This library is a useful tool for researching directed differentiation and regenerative medicine.

ASINEX has elaborated a library of diverse macrocycles using an effective tool box of synthetic methods. The resulting scaffolds are novel, tremendously diverse, medchem-relevant, macrocyclic frameworks.

Macrocyles tend to be larger than traditional screening molecules which make them perfect discovery tools for targets with shallow or extended binding sites. At the same time, their unique character based on restricted flexibility and ability to form intra-molecular hydrogen bonds allows for design approaches effectively optimizing properties such asaqueous solubility and membrane permeability. Many of these macrocycles have been tested for aqueous and DMSO solubility with cut-offs applied at 10 mM in DMSO and 50 µM in PBS (pH 7.4) followed by PAMPA permeability assay.

Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and depression, etc. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota associated with disease, referred to as dysbiosis, have been linked to pathologies. Indeed, the gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites which play important roles in human metabolism, health, and disease. Gut microbiome has become a novel therapeutic target for many diseases. Analysis and identification of gut microbial metabolite will contribute to the development of therapeutic methods.

In order to meet the need of gut microbiome research, MCE carefully selected a unique collection of 508 gut microbial metabolites. MCE gut microbial metabolite library is a powerful tool for gut microbiome research and gut microbiome -related drug discovery.

Cancer is a multi-step process which involves initiation, promotion and progression. Chemical carcinogens can alter any of these processes to induce their carcinogenic effects. People are continuously exposed exogenously to varying amounts of chemicals that have been shown to have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties in experimental systems. Exposure can occur exogenously when these agents are present in food, air or water, and also endogenously when they are products of metabolism or pathophysiologic states such as inflammation. The administration of chemical carcinogens is one of the most commonly used methods to induce tumors in several organs in laboratory animals in order to study oncologic diseases of humans. MCE offers a unique collection of 134 chemical carcinogens which have been identified with carcinogenic activity either in humans or in animal models. MCE Tumorigenesis-Related Compound Library is a powerful tool for studying oncologic diseases of humans. Standard opration based on safety data sheet will not cause harm to the body.

The TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is also known as the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle (CAC). The TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions that release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

For decades, the TCA cycle has been considered as the central pathway for cell oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy and biosynthesis. Research shows that TCA cycle is associated with many diseases, especially cancer. In colon carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers, there are mutations that lead to the imbalance of TCA cycle metabolites, indicating that TCA cycle may be related to the occurrence of cancer. Understanding the role and molecular mechanism of TCA cycle in inhibiting or promoting cancer progression will promote the development of new metabolite-based cancer treatment methods in the future.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 65 compounds related to the TCA cycle. MCE TCA Cycle Compound Library is a useful tool for the TCA cycle related research and anti-cancer drug development.

Rare diseases are an important public-health issue and a challenge for the medical community. Most rare diseases are genetic disorders, which are often severely disabling, substantially affect life expectancy, and impair physical and mental abilities. Currently, there are about 7,000 identified rare diseases, together affecting 10% of the population. However, fewer than 6% of all rare diseases have an approved treatment option, highlighting their tremendous unmet needs in drug development. The process of repurposing drugs for new indications, compared with the development of novel orphan drugs, is a time-saving and cost-efficient method resulting in higher success rates, which can therefore drastically reduce the risk of drug development for rare diseases.

MCE carefully collects a unique of 1,755 compounds studied in preclinical, clinical trials or approved used in rare diseases treatment. MCE rare diseases drug library is a useful tool for the research of rare diseases. All compounds can provide corresponding indications for rare diseases.

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death in female genital malignancies, with the highest mortality rate in female genital malignancies. It is characterized by difficulty in detection in the early stage of the disease, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. In fact, ovarian cancer includes many pathologic types. It is usually divided into epithelial ovarian cancer, malignant germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors, of which epithelial ovarian cancer is the most dominant form. Clinical treatment of ovarian cancer prioritizes surgery combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy. However, due to the spread and drug resistance of tumor cells, the recurrence of ovarian cancer is high. In this case, combined with traditional methods, the development of new therapeutic agents can help to improve the treatment effect of ovarian cancer.

MCE designs a unique collection of 1,911 compounds with definite or potential anti-ovarian cancer activity, which mainly targeting the main targets of ovarian cancer such as PARP, ATM/ATR, VEGFR and HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase, etc. It is an essential tool for development and research of anti-ovarian compounds.

An emerging drug design method is based on the secondary binding site effect, where small molecule drugs are designed to bind to secondary binding sites on target biomolecules rather than primary orthomorphic sites. Successful potential drugs (known as allosteric modulators) will be able to bind to allosteric sites and remotely alter (or modify) the conformation of the main orthosteric binding sites of biological targets. Allosteric modulators (AMs) are ligands of proteins that act through binding sites different from natural (orthosteric) ligand sites. AMs are relatively small, more lipophilic, and more rigid compounds. The binding efficacy of AMs with their targets is often slightly lower. AMs are divided into positive AMs (PAMs) and negative AMs (NAMs). AMs are ideal drug targets because they can fine-tune receptor activity while preserving the spatial and temporal signal transduction characteristics of endogenous ligands, resulting in fewer targeted side effects, improved subtype selectivity, and better promotion of biased signal transduction than normal ligands.

MCE designs a unique collection of 180 small allosteric modulators. It is a good tool to be used for research on metabolize, cancer and other diseases.

MCE Apoptosis and Necrosis Assay Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis.

MCE Cell Apoptosis Analysis Kit (Hoechst staining) provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis.

MCE Nitric Oxide Detection Kit employs a modified Griess method to detect the content of Nitric Oxide in various samples.

MCE Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Analysis Kit (PI staining) provides a convenient method to detect cell cycle and cell apoptosis.

MCE RT Master Mix for qPCR Ⅲ (poly A) uses poly(A)-tailing method to perform reverse transcription from miRNA first-strand to cDNA.

MCE Streptavidin Magnetic Beads provide a fast and convenient method for numerous applications, including purification of proteins and nucleic acids, protein interaction studies, immunoprecipitation, immunoassays, pull-down and cell isolation.

MCE Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit provides a simple and effective method to isolate and purify intact exosomes from plasma and serum that can be used for electron microscope analysis, NTA analysis, WB, qPCR, etc.

MCE Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit provides a simple and effective method to isolate and purify intact exosomes from cell culture media that can be used for electron microscope analysis, NTA analysis, WB, qPCR, etc.

Annexin V-mCherry Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence, apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red fluorescence.

MCE One Step TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (FITC) provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis. After staining cells with this kit, live cells have no fluorescence, apoptosis cells show green fluorescence.

MCE Annexin V-PE Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence, apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red fluorescence.

MCE One Step TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Cyanine 3) provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis. After staining cells with this kit, live cells have no fluorescence, apoptosis cells show red fluorescence.

MCE ATP Assay Kit provides a rapid method to measure intracellular ATP. The kit is suitable for ATP determination in cells, tissue, and other biological samples. A single package of this kit (200T) is sufficient to test at least 200 samples.

MCE Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit provides a simple and effective method to isolate and purify intact exosomes from cerebro-spinal fluid, amniotic fluid, milk, saliva, etc, which can be used for electron microscope analysis, NTA analysis, WB, qPCR, etc.

Annexin V-mCherry/SYTOX Green Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence, apoptosis cells show red fluorescence, necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence.

MCE YO-PRO-1/PI Apoptosis and Necrosis Detection Kit is a dual-fluorescence method based on the green fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1 (YP1) and the red fluorescent dye Propidium Iodide (PI) for detecting cell apoptosis and necrosis.

MCE Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence (Annexin V-/PI-), early apoptosis cells show green fluorescence(Annexin V+/PI-), late apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI+).

MCE Annexin V-iFluor 488/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence (Annexin V-/PI-),, early apoptosis cells show green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI-), late apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI+).

Annexin V-EGFP/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence (Annexin V-/PI-), early apoptosis cells show green fluorescence(Annexin V+/PI-), late apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI+). Compared with FITC, the fluorescence of EGFP is stronger and more stable.