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Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and irreversible caspase-6 peptide inhibitor. Z-VEID-FMK alleviates the S-(+)-ketamine-induced augmentation of caspase-6 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis .
Echitamine (Ditaine) chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia scholaris with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 μM .
1,4-Anthraquinone is a potent anticancer agent. 1,4-Anthraquinone blocks nucleoside transport, inhibits macromolecule synthesis, induces DNAfragmentation, and decreases the growth and viability of cancer cells. 1,4-Anthraquinone can be used to research anti-leukemia .
Sideroxylin is a C-methylated flavone isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus and exerts antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sideroxylin inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, causing DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
Z-FF-FMK is a selective cathepsin-L inhibitor. Z-FF-FMK can prevent β-amyloid to induce apoptotic changes such as activation of caspase-3, cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and DNA fragmentation .
Z-FA-FMK ((1S)-Z-FA-FMK) is a potent Cathepsin B and L inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK blocks the induction of DEVDase activity, DNA fragmentation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine by selective synthetic retinoid-related molecules (RRMs). Z-FA-FMK inhibits apoptosis. Z-FA-FMK inhibits caspase activity and selectively inhibits recombinant effector caspases 2, -3, -6, and -7. Z-FA-FMK is a viral inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK inhibits reovirus replication in a susceptible host .
Sabarubicin is a doxorubicin disaccharide analogue with striking antitumor activity. Sabarubicin is more effective than doxorubicin as a topoisomerase II poison and stimulated DNA fragmentation at lower intracellular concentrations.
L-threo-Sphingosine is a potent MAPK inhibitor. L-threo-Sphingosine induces apoptosis and clear DNA fragmentation. L-threo-Sphingosine shows anticancer effect .
Neopetromin is a tripeptide with a rare heteroaromatic C-N cross-link between side chains of tryptophan and tyrosine. Neopetromin causes vacuole fragmentation in an actin-independent manner .
Polymethacrylate Copolymer forms nanodiscs spontaneously by fragmentation or solubilization of the lipid bilayers.Polymethacrylate Copolymer is used in designing of nanodisc-forming polymer to mimic the amphiphilic nature of proteins and peptides .
Apoptosis inducer 15 (Compound 3) induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Apoptosis inducer 15 is cytotoxicitic without causing DNA fragmentation .
Firazorexton hydrate (TAK-994) is a potent, brain-penetrant, and orally active orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist (EC50: 19 nM). Firazorexton hydrate inhibits fragmentation of wakefulness and cataplexy-like episodes in mouse models of narcolepsy .
Patuletin is a flavonol, that can be isolated from the flowers of Tagetes patula. Patuletin shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Patuletin causes significant nuclear fragmentation and has a great capacity to induce caspase-3 activation .
5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin is a coumarin with anti-cancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. 5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin induces cell apoptosis .
NVP 231 is a potent, specific, and reversible ceramide kinase (CerK) inhibitor(IC50=12 nM) that competitively inhibits binding of ceramide to CerK . NVP 231 induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage .
Macrocarpal C can be isolated from the 95 % ethanol extract of fresh leaves of E. globulus. Macrocarpal C inhibits the growth of T. mentagrophytes via an increase in the permeability of the fungal membrane. Macrocarpal C increases the production of intracellular ROS and? induces apoptosis as a consequence of DNA fragmentation .
Disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO) is a mass spectrometry (MS)-cleavable cross-linker that is applicable for model peptides and proteins and a multisubunit protein complex. Disuccinimidyl sulfoxide contains two symmetric collision-induced dissociation (CID)-cleavable sites for identification of DSSO-cross-linked peptides based their distinct fragmentation patterns .
Ergothioneine is an imidazole-2-thione derivative with orally active histidine betaine. Ergothioneine is a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK and Akt, which plays a protective role in cell apoptosis induced by stress. Ergothioneine has antioxidant activity .
Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is isolated from Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim. Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is a larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito.xp Parasitol with a LD50 of 21.95 µg/mL . Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) induces fragmentations of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that like a characteristic of apoptosis in the HL-60 cells .
Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease .
MMP-2/9-IN-1 (Compound 4a) is a potent dual MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor with IC50 values of 56 nM and 38 nM, respectively. MMP-2/9-IN-1 inhibits tumor growth, strongly induces cancer cell apoptosis, inhibits cell migration, and suppresses cell cycle progression leading to DNA fragmentation .
Dynole 34-2 is a dynamin GTPase inhibitor (IC50s=6.9 and 14.2 µM for dynamin1 and dynamin2 GTPase activity, respectively) with antimitotic effect. Dynole 34-2 induces apoptosis, as revealed by cell blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and PARP cleavage . Dynole 34-2 also potently inhibits receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) .
S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine (PEITC-Cys), an anticarcinogenic agent, has antileukemic activity. S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine inhibits DNA synthesis in HL60 cells . S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine is a P450 inhibitor .
Repinotan (BAY x 3702 free base) is a potent, selective, brain-penetrant and orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with Ki values of 0.19 nM (calf hippocampus), 0.25 nM (rat and human cortex), and 0.59 nM (rat hippocampus). Repinotan has a weak affinity for other related receptors. Repinotan has pronounced neuroprotective effects .
Trovafloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1 .
Trovafloxacin mesylate is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin mesylate blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin mesylate is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin mesylate does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin mesylate leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1 .
KT5823, a selective the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor with an Ki value of 0.23 μM, it also inhibits PKA and PKC with Ki values of 10 μM and 4 μM, respectively . KT5823 is a staurosporine-related protein kinase inhibitor, increases thyroid-stimulating hormone-induced (Na +/I - symporter) NIS expression, and iodide uptake in thyroid cells . KT5823 arrests cells after the G0/G1 boundary and causes increases in the levels of apoptotic DNA fragmentation .
BTM-3528 is an activator of the mitochondrial protease OMA1 and mediates excessive activation of the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISR). BTM-3528 stimulates OMA1-dependent DELE1 and OPA1 cleavage and mitochondrial fragmentation. BTM-3528 activates eIF2α kinase HRI, inducing cell growth arrest and apoptosis. BTM-3528 has anticancer activity against multiple DLBCL cell lines and has in vivo inhibitory potency in a mouse model xenografted with human DLBCL SU-DHL-10 cells .
Anticancer agent 157 (compound 15) is a NO inhibitor (IC50=0.62 μg/mL) with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Anticancer agent 157 can bind to iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and caspase 8, causing nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, inducing apoptosis. Anticancer agent 157 inhibits HT29 colon cancer cells (IC50=2.45 μg/mL), Hep-G2 liver cancer cells (IC50=3.25 μg/mL), and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells (IC50=3.84 μg/mL) .
Polymethacrylate Copolymer forms nanodiscs spontaneously by fragmentation or solubilization of the lipid bilayers.Polymethacrylate Copolymer is used in designing of nanodisc-forming polymer to mimic the amphiphilic nature of proteins and peptides .
NTPO trisodium is a DNA damage inducer, causing genomic DNA damage and fragmentation, activating ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoints. The DNA damaging effects of NTPO trisodium are abrogated by base excision repair (BER) but not nucleotide excision repair (NER) .
Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and irreversible caspase-6 peptide inhibitor. Z-VEID-FMK alleviates the S-(+)-ketamine-induced augmentation of caspase-6 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis .
Z-FF-FMK is a selective cathepsin-L inhibitor. Z-FF-FMK can prevent β-amyloid to induce apoptotic changes such as activation of caspase-3, cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and DNA fragmentation .
Echitamine (Ditaine) chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia scholaris with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 μM .
Sideroxylin is a C-methylated flavone isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus and exerts antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sideroxylin inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, causing DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
Neopetromin is a tripeptide with a rare heteroaromatic C-N cross-link between side chains of tryptophan and tyrosine. Neopetromin causes vacuole fragmentation in an actin-independent manner .
Patuletin is a flavonol, that can be isolated from the flowers of Tagetes patula. Patuletin shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Patuletin causes significant nuclear fragmentation and has a great capacity to induce caspase-3 activation .
5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin is a coumarin with anti-cancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. 5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin induces cell apoptosis .
Macrocarpal C can be isolated from the 95 % ethanol extract of fresh leaves of E. globulus. Macrocarpal C inhibits the growth of T. mentagrophytes via an increase in the permeability of the fungal membrane. Macrocarpal C increases the production of intracellular ROS and? induces apoptosis as a consequence of DNA fragmentation .
Ergothioneine is an imidazole-2-thione derivative with orally active histidine betaine. Ergothioneine is a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK and Akt, which plays a protective role in cell apoptosis induced by stress. Ergothioneine has antioxidant activity .
Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is isolated from Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim. Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is a larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito.xp Parasitol with a LD50 of 21.95 µg/mL . Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) induces fragmentations of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that like a characteristic of apoptosis in the HL-60 cells .
Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease .
DFFA Protein is a heterodimeric complex of nuclease CAD and its specific inhibitor ICAD. DFFA Protein, Human (GST) is a substrate for caspase-3 that triggers DNA breakage during apoptosis. DFFA Protein, Human (GST) is the recombinant human-derived DFFA protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of DFFA Protein, Human (GST) is 331 a.a., with molecular weight of 63.6 kDa.