2. Academic Validation
  3. Role of heat shock protein 90 as an antiviral target for swine enteric coronaviruses

Role of heat shock protein 90 as an antiviral target for swine enteric coronaviruses

  • Virus Res. 2023 Mar 27;329:199103. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199103.
Zhuangzhuang Zhao 1,  Ya-Qing Zhang 1,  Ling-Dong Xu 1,  Lihua Xiao 2,  Yaoyu Feng 2,  Bin Wang 2,  Yao-Wei Huang 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
  • 2 Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
  • 3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 36963723 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199103
Abstract

A variety of swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) have emerged and are prevalent in pig populations, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS)-CoV, a newly identified bat-origin CoV with zoonotic potential. Unfortunately, available traditional, inactivated and attenuated SECoV vaccines are of limited efficacy against the variants currently circulating in most pig populations. In this study, we evaluated the role of host factor heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as an Antiviral target against SECoVs, exemplified by SADS-CoV. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 diminished SADS-CoV replication significantly in porcine and human cell lines, and also decreased replication of SADS-CoV in a porcine intestinal enteroid model. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that both porcine and human isoforms of HSP90 interact with the SADS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein, and inhibition of HSP90 resulted in autophagic degradation of N protein. Moreover, we linked HSP90 to virus-induced cellular Pyroptosis, as SADS-CoV was found to trigger Caspase-1/gasdermin-d-mediated pyroptotic cell death, which was mitigated by inhibition of HSP90. Finally, we demonstrated that HSP90 also associated with N proteins and was involved in propagation of PEDV, PDCoV and TGEV. This study thus extends our understanding of immune responses to SADS-CoV Infection and offers a new potential therapeutic option against four SECoVs.

Keywords

Coronavirus; Gasdermin D; Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90); Nucleoprotein; Pyroptosis; Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus.

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