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2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide is a useful reagent for the determination of sulfhydryl groups. 2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide is a common reagent in peptide chemistry, often used in oxidation–reduction condensations to form peptide bonds or in coupling reactions to form disulfide-linked heterodimers .
N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA), a protein modification agent, introduces thiol-groups into protein molecules. N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate adds sulfhydryl groups to proteins and other amine-containing molecules in a protected form .
Cyanine3 maleimide tetrafluoroborate is a specific labeling reagent for sulfhydryl groups with the λex of 550 nm and λem of 580 nm. Cyanine3 maleimide tetrafluoroborate can be used for protein and peptide labeling .
Helenalin is an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone. Helenalin selectively inhibits transcription factor NF-κB by directly targeting p65. Helenalin has alkylating activity, targets the cysteine sulfhydryl groups in the p65 subunit of NF-κB, thereby inhibits its DNA binding .
FM-red (PSH-red) is a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe for selectively detecting and labeling protein thiols. FM-red can be used to image protein sulfhydryl groups in live cells and in vivo. FM-red also could be used to measure of the redox states of thioredoxin (Trx) .
BDP R6G maleimide is a borodipyrromethane fluorophore with absorption and emission wavelengths similar to those of R6G rhodamine. Sulfhydryl labelling is a common protein modification where the cysteine residues in the protein allow more site-specific labelling than the NHS ester of the amine group. BDP R6G maleimide is a thiol reactive dye that reacts with thiol groups to form thioester bonds .
BDP 581/591 maleimide is a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye. It has a long fluorescence lifetime and can be used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 to 7.5, for the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
SPDP (SPDP Crosslinker) is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls. It is a glutathione cleavable ADC linker used for the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .
Preactivated PE-Cy5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
AMAS is a nonclaevable heterobifunctional crosslinker with NHS ester and maleimide groups that allows covalent conjugation of amine- and sulfhydryl-containing molecules.
DM4-SPDP is a agent-linker conjugate composed of a potent antitubulin agent DM4 and a linker SMCC to make antibody agent conjugate . SPDP is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls .
MTSEA hydrobromide is a sulfhydryl-reactive compound that modifies free cysteine residues to produce a positively charged side chain approximately the size of lysine .
6,6′-Dithiodinicotinic acid is a sulfur-containing organic compound belonging to nicotinic acid derivatives, which can be used as a specific sulfhydryl blocker .
Senecionine acetate (O-Acetylsenecionine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Senecionine acetate inhibits the sequestration of Ca 2+ in extramitochondrial and mitochondrial compartments possibly by inactivating free sulfhydryl groups .
Sulfo-SMCC sodium is a commonly used hetero-bifunctional, noncleavable ADC crosslinker bearing N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and maleimide groups to react with primary amines and sulfhydryl groups, respectively.
Sulfo-SMPB sodium is a non-cleavable, heterobifunctional chemical cross-linking reagent which contains N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and maleimide groups, allowing covalent conjugation of amine- and sulfhydryl-containing molecules .
Sulfo-GMBS is a cross-linker. Among the amine-sulfhydryl cross-linkers, Sulfo-GMBS generated the largest number of cross-links and covered most of the cross-links that were identified with AMAS and GMBS .
800CW maleimide is an infrared dye that can be used for labeling molecules that contain free sulfhydryl (–SH) groups (Ex: 778 nm; Em: 796 nm). 800CW maleimide binds to plasma proteins .
Moexipril-d5 is the deuterium labeled Moexipril. Moexipril hydrochloride is a potent orally active non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor, which is used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure[1][2].
Lactyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA formally condensed from the sulfhydryl group of CoA and the carboxyl group of lactic acid, also known as lactyl-CoA. Lactyl-CoA is essential for the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactic acid-based copolymers .
AF488 NHS ester is an amine specific fluorescence probe (Em=525 nm). AF488 NHS ester reacts with sulfhydryl groups and amines in aqueous and biological samples then change their chemical structure and fluorescence properties after derivatization .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Cytochalasin A is a cell-permeable fungal toxin that is an oxidized derivative of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin A is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (IC50=3 μM) and inhibits actin polymerization and interferes with microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhydryl groups. Antibiotic and fungicidal activitives .
Tetramethylrhodamine-6-maleimide is a fluorescent dye with a reactive sulfhydryl-specific moiety is covalently coupled to this cysteine. Tetramethylrhodamine-6-maleimide can be used as labels to detect local protein motions of the fully active Na+/K+-ATPase in real time .
N-Ethylmaleimide-d5 is the deuterium labeled N-Ethylmaleimide. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), a reagent that alkylates free sulfhydryl groups, is a cysteine protease inhibitor[1]. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria[2]. N-Ethylmaleimide is also a deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor[3].
p-Aminophenylmercuric acetate is an organomercurial activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). P-Aminophenylmercuric acetate participates in the activation and inhibition of MMP-8 by attacking protein sulfhydryl or inducing cysteine switching reaction. p-Aminophenylmercuric acetate promotes the shedding of betacellulin precursor (pro-BTC). p-Aminophenylmercuric acetate influences the binding of agonists and antagonists to the opiate receptor .
N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides .
Bucillamine (SA96) is an orally active and potent sulfhydryl donor and antioxidant. Bucillamine is also an antirheumatic agent with antiangiogenic properties. Bucillamine can protect against Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in high-risk organ transplants. Bucillamine inhibits the production of VEGF. Bucillamine can be used for the research of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) .
L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.
6-Maleimidohexanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (EMCS) is a heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent. EMCS is used as a unique and useful reagent for preparation of hapten conjugate and enzyme immunoconjugates .
Cy7.5 maleimide is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis . CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance .
FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate), is one of the green fluorescein derivatives widely used in biology. FITC has the characteristics of high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield and good water solubility. The isothiocyanate group of FITC can be combined with amino, sulfhydryl, imidazole, tyrosyl, carbonyl and other groups on the protein, so as to achieve protein labeling including antibodies and lectins. In addition to its use as a protein marker, FITC can also be used as a fluorescent protein tracer to rapidly identify pathogens by labeling antibodies, or for microsequencing of proteins and peptides (HPLC). The maximum excitation wavelength of FITC is 494 nm. Once excited, it fluoresces yellow-green at a maximum emission wavelength of 520 nm.
FM-red (PSH-red) is a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe for selectively detecting and labeling protein thiols. FM-red can be used to image protein sulfhydryl groups in live cells and in vivo. FM-red also could be used to measure of the redox states of thioredoxin (Trx) .
Cyanine3 maleimide tetrafluoroborate is a specific labeling reagent for sulfhydryl groups with the λex of 550 nm and λem of 580 nm. Cyanine3 maleimide tetrafluoroborate can be used for protein and peptide labeling .
BDP R6G maleimide is a borodipyrromethane fluorophore with absorption and emission wavelengths similar to those of R6G rhodamine. Sulfhydryl labelling is a common protein modification where the cysteine residues in the protein allow more site-specific labelling than the NHS ester of the amine group. BDP R6G maleimide is a thiol reactive dye that reacts with thiol groups to form thioester bonds .
BDP 581/591 maleimide is a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye. It has a long fluorescence lifetime and can be used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 to 7.5, for the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
Preactivated PE-Cy5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
800CW maleimide is an infrared dye that can be used for labeling molecules that contain free sulfhydryl (–SH) groups (Ex: 778 nm; Em: 796 nm). 800CW maleimide binds to plasma proteins .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Tetramethylrhodamine-6-maleimide is a fluorescent dye with a reactive sulfhydryl-specific moiety is covalently coupled to this cysteine. Tetramethylrhodamine-6-maleimide can be used as labels to detect local protein motions of the fully active Na+/K+-ATPase in real time .
Cy7.5 maleimide is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis . CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance .
FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate), is one of the green fluorescein derivatives widely used in biology. FITC has the characteristics of high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield and good water solubility. The isothiocyanate group of FITC can be combined with amino, sulfhydryl, imidazole, tyrosyl, carbonyl and other groups on the protein, so as to achieve protein labeling including antibodies and lectins. In addition to its use as a protein marker, FITC can also be used as a fluorescent protein tracer to rapidly identify pathogens by labeling antibodies, or for microsequencing of proteins and peptides (HPLC). The maximum excitation wavelength of FITC is 494 nm. Once excited, it fluoresces yellow-green at a maximum emission wavelength of 520 nm.
N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA), a protein modification agent, introduces thiol-groups into protein molecules. N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate adds sulfhydryl groups to proteins and other amine-containing molecules in a protected form .
Sulfo-SMCC sodium is a commonly used hetero-bifunctional, noncleavable ADC crosslinker bearing N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and maleimide groups to react with primary amines and sulfhydryl groups, respectively.
p-Aminophenylmercuric acetate is an organomercurial activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). P-Aminophenylmercuric acetate participates in the activation and inhibition of MMP-8 by attacking protein sulfhydryl or inducing cysteine switching reaction. p-Aminophenylmercuric acetate promotes the shedding of betacellulin precursor (pro-BTC). p-Aminophenylmercuric acetate influences the binding of agonists and antagonists to the opiate receptor .
L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.
Biotin-PE-maleimide (N-Biotinyl-N'-[2-(N-maleimido)ethyl]piperazine) is a bulky, membrane-impermeable, sulfhydryl-containing reagent with a relatively large molecular size. Biotin-PE-maleimide can be used for biotin labeling (such as thiol groups) and detection of proteins or other biomolecules .
MCE High-Affinity Iodoacetyl Agarose, a 4% highly cross-linked agarose reagent coupled with a derivative of iodoacetic acid, is ideal for conjugating sulfhydryl-containing peptide or protein for subsequent affinity purification.
Helenalin is an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone. Helenalin selectively inhibits transcription factor NF-κB by directly targeting p65. Helenalin has alkylating activity, targets the cysteine sulfhydryl groups in the p65 subunit of NF-κB, thereby inhibits its DNA binding .
Cytochalasin A is a cell-permeable fungal toxin that is an oxidized derivative of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin A is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (IC50=3 μM) and inhibits actin polymerization and interferes with microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhydryl groups. Antibiotic and fungicidal activitives .
Senecionine acetate (O-Acetylsenecionine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Senecionine acetate inhibits the sequestration of Ca 2+ in extramitochondrial and mitochondrial compartments possibly by inactivating free sulfhydryl groups .
GFER protein, acting as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor, critically promotes liver regeneration. GFER Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived GFER protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of GFER Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 125 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.5 kDa.
GFER protein, acting as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor, critically promotes liver regeneration. GFER Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived GFER protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of GFER Protein, Human (His) is 125 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.0 kDa.
The GFER protein is a FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that restores redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, an important partner for protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. GFER Protein, Rat (His-SUMO) is the recombinant rat-derived GFER protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of GFER Protein, Rat (His-SUMO) is 198 a.a., with molecular weight of ~38.8 kDa.
N-Ethylmaleimide-d5 is the deuterium labeled N-Ethylmaleimide. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), a reagent that alkylates free sulfhydryl groups, is a cysteine protease inhibitor[1]. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria[2]. N-Ethylmaleimide is also a deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor[3].
Moexipril-d5 is the deuterium labeled Moexipril. Moexipril hydrochloride is a potent orally active non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor, which is used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure[1][2].
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