2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis Neuronal Signaling GPCR/G Protein TGF-beta/Smad Stem Cell/Wnt
  3. Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Adrenergic Receptor PGC-1α PKA
  4. D-Mannitol

D-Mannitol  (Synonyms: Mannitol; Mannite)

Cat. No.: HY-N0378 Purity: 99.93%
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D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells.

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D-Mannitol Chemical Structure

D-Mannitol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 69-65-8

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of D-Mannitol:

D-Mannitol Related Antibodies

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Description

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

IC50 & Target

Microbial Metabolite

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor

 

In Vitro

D-Mannitol (10 μM) can increase the number of mitochondria and promote the expression of brown fat related genes in differentiated 3T3-L1 cell models[7].
D-Mannitol (10 μM; 7 days) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells has the effect of stimulating brown fat formation, enhancing insulin effect, reducing blood sugar levels, and promoting fat oxidation and the conversion of white fat to beige fat[7].
D-Mannitol (10 μM; 7 days) induce Browning of white adipocytes by activating β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

D-Mannitol Related Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis[7]

Cell Line: 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Concentration: 10 μM
Incubation Time: 7 days
Result: Increased expression of PGC1α, a key transcriptional coactivator of UCP1, also increased expression of UCP1 and PPARγ proteins, which helped to enhance the effects of insulin and lower blood sugar levels.
Triggered the expression of the FGF21 gene, which is associated with thermogenic programming.
Activation of AMPK and phosphorylation of ACC and HMGCR promoted β-oxidation, and eliminated UCP1 and ACC expression when AMPK was blocked.

RT-PCR[7]

Cell Line: 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Concentration: 10 μM
Incubation Time:
Result: Increased the expression of brown fat associated genes such as PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), PR domain 16 (PRDM16), and UCP1.
Increased the expression of genes related to energy expenditure and heat production.
In Vivo

D-Mannitol (orally, 7 or 28 days) promotes calcium and magnesium absorption and retention by fermentation in the cecum in male Wistar rat models[4].
D-Mannitol (0.5, 2.5, 1.5 g/kg; Intravenous injection (i.v.), 4-hour intervals，24h) in the rat model of ischemic cortex infarction repeatedly infusion, can lead to infarction area and the percentage of H2O ipsilateral hemisphere reduce and decreased tissue pressure[6].
D-Mannitol (250, 500 mg/kg; Oral gavage (p.o.); 3 weeks) increases energy expenditure through lipid beta-oxidation in a mouse model, thereby contributing to the Browning of iWAT in vivo[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: 4-wk-old growing male Wistar rats[4]
Dosage: 20-80 g/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.), 28 days
Result: Improved absorption and retention of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg).
Animal Model: 9-wk-old growing male Wistar rats[4]
Dosage: 40 g/kg, 80 g/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.), 7 days
Result: Increased cecal weight and tissue weight, and reduced pH.
Animal Model: Adult cats[5]
Dosage: 0.33 gm/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), 4-hour intervals, single dose or five doses
Result: After multiple injections, the osmotic concentration gradient between vasogenic cerebral edema and plasma was reversed, which was associated with the worsening of vasogenic cerebral edema.
Animal Model: Ischemic cortex infarction model in rats[6]
Dosage: 0.5, 2.5, 1.5 g/kg
Administration: Intravenous injection (i.v.), 4-hour intervals, 24h
Result: Repeated infusion results in a dose-dependent increase in plasma osmotic pressure and a dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of water in the ischemic cerebral tissue of the arterial cortex and ipsilateral hemisphere.
Significantly reduced organizational stress.
Animal Model: Mouse Model[7]
Dosage: 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.), 3 weeks
Result: Caused a significant decrease in the average body weight of the mice.
Increased the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown tissue.
Led to a significant increase in the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial heat production and lipid oxidation, such as Cidea, CPT1, UCP1, and PGC1α.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

182.17

Formula

C6H14O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : ≥ 36 mg/mL (197.62 mM)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.4894 mL 27.4469 mL 54.8938 mL
5 mM 1.0979 mL 5.4894 mL 10.9788 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (548.94 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.93%

COA (246 KB) RP-HPLC (237 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 5.4894 mL 27.4469 mL 54.8938 mL 137.2345 mL
5 mM 1.0979 mL 5.4894 mL 10.9788 mL 27.4469 mL
10 mM 0.5489 mL 2.7447 mL 5.4894 mL 13.7234 mL
15 mM 0.3660 mL 1.8298 mL 3.6596 mL 9.1490 mL
20 mM 0.2745 mL 1.3723 mL 2.7447 mL 6.8617 mL
25 mM 0.2196 mL 1.0979 mL 2.1958 mL 5.4894 mL
30 mM 0.1830 mL 0.9149 mL 1.8298 mL 4.5745 mL
40 mM 0.1372 mL 0.6862 mL 1.3723 mL 3.4309 mL
50 mM 0.1098 mL 0.5489 mL 1.0979 mL 2.7447 mL
60 mM 0.0915 mL 0.4574 mL 0.9149 mL 2.2872 mL
80 mM 0.0686 mL 0.3431 mL 0.6862 mL 1.7154 mL
100 mM 0.0549 mL 0.2745 mL 0.5489 mL 1.3723 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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D-Mannitol Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

D-Mannitol69-65-8Mannitol ManniteEndogenous MetaboliteApoptosisAdrenergic ReceptorPGC-1αPKABeta ReceptorPPARγ coactivator-1αProtein kinase ACalciumMagnesiumIschemic cortex infarction model in ratsVasogenic edemaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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