Achillea atrata L.

Pteryxin ((+)-Pteryxin) is an orally active multi-target inhibitor that targets NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Nrf2/ARE pathways. Pteryxin is also a BChE inhibitor (IC₅₀=12.96 μg/mL) with a low inhibitory efficiency on AChE. Pteryxin inhibits the Ca²⁺-calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway by blocking NF-κB/MAPK signaling, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reducing ROS generation, and activates Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression. Pteryxin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities. Pteryxin can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.

3'-Methoxyapiin (Graveobioside B) is a flavone. 3'-Methoxyapiin can be found in Uraria crinite and celery.

Isorutarin is a natural product that can be isolated from the seeds of Apium graueolens.

Apium graveolens polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Apium graveolens.

Isocrenatoside (compound 6) is a cyclic octapeptide and an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Isocrenatoside is isolated from the ethanolic extract of Microtoena prainiana stems. Studies have found that the inhibitory efficiency of 1 mg/mL Isocrenatoside can reach 99.3%.

5,7,8-Trihydroxy-6,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone is a flavonoid.