Complement Component 8

Complement component 8 (C8) initiates the polymerization phase of the membrane attack complex (MAC). It is a three-chain complex composed of an alpha and a beta chain joined by a disulfide bridge plus a non-covalently associated gamma chain; the beta chain binds the C5b-7 complex while the alpha chain inserts into the membrane. C8 recruitment converts the water-soluble C5b-7 complex into a membrane-bound C5b-8 intermediate that accepts multiple C9 monomers and directs their ring-shaped polymerization into the pore-forming MAC. Like other terminal component deficiencies, C8 deficiency causes recurrent Neisserial infections, and rare C8 variants influence meningococcal disease susceptibility across different ethnic groups.