Respiratory Inflammation

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol; Colecalciferol) is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.

Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1; Chymotrypsin A) is an orally effective inhibitor targeting molecules such as TLR4, NF-κB, MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Chymotrypsin downregulates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors, reducing cell infiltration and tissue damage. It also reduces the expression of tumor cell adhesion molecules (such as CD44 and CD54) and can be specifically detected by fluorescent probes (such as NBD-3). Chymotrypsin has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, joint damage-reducing, liver protection against lipotoxicity, and anti-tumor metastasis functions. It can be used in research on diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and melanoma metastasis. Chymotrypsin can be used in studies of inflammation, edema, and expectoration.

ML-7 hydrochloride is a selective and highly specific myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor that acts as a trabecular meshwork (TM) relaxant. ML-7 hydrochloride enhances Quinocetone (HY-123581)-induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK, attenuates Akt activation, and promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ML-7 hydrochloride reduces Th2 cytokine secretion by inhibiting MLCK, while alleviating smooth muscle hyperplasia and collagen deposition. As a non-antibiotic adjuvant, ML-7 hydrochloride restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant bacteria to Tigecycline (HY-B0117). ML-7 hydrochloride can be used in research related to glaucoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, asthma, and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Aminophylline is a competitive phosphodiesterase 3/4 (PDE3/4) inhibitor. Aminophylline also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Aminophylline elevates intracellular cAMP levels via competitive inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4, antagonizes adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), regulates intracellular calcium signaling and synaptic vesicle cycling, upregulates the PPAR signaling pathway, and downregulates glutamatergic synaptic pathways simultaneously. Aminophylline can be used in research related to major depressive disorder, epilepsy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

PXS-4728A is an orally active, selective VAP-1/SSAO inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 5 nM and a K_i of 175 nM. PXS-4728A inhibits the expression of MMP-9. It reduces cell rolling, adhesion and migration, decreases cell infiltration levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and collagen deposition, and improves pulmonary function. PXS-4728A reduces the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and decreases blood lipid and blood glucose levels as well as body weight gain. PXS-4728A can be used in research related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, acute pulmonary inflammation, acute lung injury, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, rhinovirus-exacerbated asthma, sepsis, Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonary infection and atherosclerosis.

Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1; Chymotrypsin A) (MS grade) is an orally effective inhibitor targeting molecules such as TLR4, NF-κB, MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Chymotrypsin (MS grade) downregulates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibits the release of inflammatory factors, reduces cell infiltration and tissue damage, and also reduces the expression of tumor cell adhesion molecules (such as CD44 and CD54). It can also be specifically detected by fluorescent probes (such as NBD-3). Chymotrypsin (MS grade) has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, joint damage-reducing, liver protection against lipotoxicity, and anti-tumor metastasis functions, and can be used in the research of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and melanoma metastasis. Chymotrypsin (MS grade) can be used in studies of inflammation, edema, and expectoration.

Amiodarone, a benzofuran-based Class III antiarrhythmic agent, inhibits WT outward ionic current (IhERG) tails with an IC₅₀ of ∼45 nM. Amiodarone induces cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation via ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling in fibroblasts. Amiodarone can be used in the research of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.

Formoterol fumarate ((±)Formoterol fumarate) is a selective β₂-adrenoceptor agonist. Formoterol fumarate is at least as β₂-adrenoceptor selective as Salbutamol (HY-B1037) and Terbutaline (HY-B0802A). Formoterol fumarate abolishs the contraction induced by Acetylcholine in bronchioles. Formoterol fumarate can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.

Famotidine (MK-208) is an orally active and highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. It inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking the Gs signaling pathway, and regulates intracellular cAMP and ERK pathways. Famotidine inhibits TLR3-mediated inflammatory pathways, and reduces the expression of various inflammatory mediators and interferon-related genes. Famotidine scavenges DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals, alleviates oxidative stress damage in gastric tissue, inhibits proMMP-9, improves vascular endothelial permeability, and restores the normal physiological functions of neutrophils and eosinophils. Famotidine crosses intestinal epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion and passive diffusion, blocks paracellular cation transport, and increases intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance. Famotidine reduces serum levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, exerts analgesic effects and gastric protective effects simultaneously. Famotidine can be used in studies related to COVID-19, liver injury and acute gastric ulcer.

Tiotropium bromide (BA-679 BR) is a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator. Tiotropium bromide blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptors, prevents bronchoconstriction, and dilates bronchial airways. Tiotropium bromide is applicable to research related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

Anti-Mouse IL-23 p19 Antibody (G23-8) is a rat-derived anti-mouse IL-23 p19 IgG1 monoclonal antibody. Anti-Mouse IL-23 p19 Antibody (G23-8) alleviates inflammation by restoring CLDN8 expression. Anti-Mouse IL-23 p19 Antibody (G23-8) can be used for research on inflammation conditions such as colitis and asthma.

Leukotriene D4 is a potent bronchoconstrictor. Leukotriene D4 has the potential for the research of asthma. Leukotriene D4 induces edema and increases capillary permeability.

Basiliximab (CHI 621) is a recombinant chimeric murine/human IgG1 monoclonal anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody. Basiliximab can be used for the research of renal transplantation.

Verekitug (ASP-7266; TRAB-1; UPB-101) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR), with a mean half-life of approximately 20 days. At doses of Verekitug ≥100 mg, complete and sustained TSLPR-specific occupancy is achieved, and the antibody does not bind to IL-7Rα. By inhibiting TSLP-driven inflammatory responses, Verekitug blocks TSLP-induced cell proliferation and TARC expression, while reducing fractional exhaled NO levels, blood eosinophil counts, and levels of IL-5 and IgE. Verekitug significantly improves scores for nasal polyps, nasal congestion and olfactory dysfunction, with favorable safety and good tolerability; potential adverse reactions include headache, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis and nasopharyngitis. Verekitug is used in relevant studies on asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tralokinumab (CAT354) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to and neutralizes IL-13. Tralokinumab can be used in the research of diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and pulmonary fibrosis.

Lunsekimig (SAR443765) is a nanobody composed of 5 VH domains that targets both TSLP and IL-13. Lunsekimig blocks the functional effects of TSLP and IL-13, inhibits related inflammatory signals, and improves lung function associated with type 2 inflammation. Lunsekimig can be used in research on asthma and type 2 inflammation.

RCM-1 is a forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) inhibitor with an EC₅₀ of 0.72 μM in U2OS cells. RCM-1 blocks the nuclear localization and increased the proteasomal degradation of FOXM1. RCM-1 can be used for asthma and other chronic airway diseases research.

Acetohydroxamic acid is the inhibitor for bacterial and plant urease that can be used for chronic urinary tract infections. Acetohydroxamic acid selectively inhibits arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase that is useful in the research of asthma. Acetohydroxamic acid inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products, and reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Acetohydroxamic acid exhibits antiviral activity against HIV.