Hepatitis C virus E2 Proteins

The E2 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus is the major surface antigen and the principal determinant of receptor engagement. Its globular core binds CD81 and, together with E1, cooperates with scavenger receptor SR-BI, claudin-1 and occludin to trigger entry, followed by pH-dependent fusion. E2 contains two hypervariable regions, HVR1 and HVR2, and extensive glycan shielding that drive immune escape and viral quasispecies diversity, which is why natural infection rarely confers sterilizing immunity. Neutralizing antibodies targeting E2 epitopes are broadly reactive in some cases, making E2 the leading antigen for HCV vaccine design. Recombinant E2 is used in neutralization assays, receptor-binding studies and immunogen discovery.