FSH Receptor

The FSH receptor (FSHR) is a Class A GPCR of the glycoprotein hormone receptor subfamily, distinguished by a large extracellular domain built from leucine-rich repeats that recognizes follicle-stimulating hormone. Upon FSH binding, the receptor activates Gs, raising cAMP and PKA signaling to drive its two classical physiological roles: proliferation and estrogen synthesis of ovarian granulosa cells during follicle maturation, and support of Sertoli cell function essential for spermatogenesis in the testis. FSHR is expressed almost exclusively in these gonadal cell types, giving it high target specificity. Recombinant FSH preparations and the long-acting FSH analog corifollitropin alfa act on this receptor in controlled ovarian stimulation and fertility treatment.