Biological Conjugation

FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate), is one of the green fluorescein derivatives widely used in biology. FITC has the characteristics of high absorptivity and excellent fluorescence quantum yield. The isothiocyanate group of FITC can be combined with amino, sulfhydryl, imidazole, tyrosyl, carbonyl and other groups on the protein, so as to achieve protein labeling including antibodies and lectins. In addition to its use as a protein marker, FITC can also be used as a fluorescent protein tracer to rapidly identify pathogens by labeling antibodies, or for microsequencing of proteins and peptides (HPLC). The maximum excitation wavelength of FITC is 494 nm. Once excited, it fluoresces yellow-green at a maximum emission wavelength of 520 nm. In addition, FITC is also a hapten that can induce contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and induce an atopic dermatitis model.

Cy5.5 is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis. CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance.

CY5 is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis. CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance.

Cy5-SE (Cy5 NHS Ester) is a reactive dye for the labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. This dye requires small amount of organic co-solvent (such as DMF or DMSO) to be used in labeling reaction. This reagent is ideal for very cost-efficient labeling of soluble proteins, as well as all kinds of peptides and oligonucleotides. This reagent also works well in organic solvents for small molecule labeling. Excitation (nm):649, Emission (nm): 670.

BODIPY493/503 methyl bromide is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm.

Fluorescein-5-maleimide (solution) (N-(5-Fluoresceinyl)maleimide (solution)) is a fluorescent dye. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can be used to detect the redox state of thiols in eukaryotic cells. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can label peptides and is used to detect negatively charged nanoparticles. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can also label actin to explore its interaction with cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), which helps in developing small molecule modulators for heart failure. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can screen mutant proteins that contain cysteine residues. The excitation wavelength of Fluorescein-5-maleimide is 494 nm, and the emission wavelength is 519 nm.

Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 10 mM

TPE-MI (Tetraphenylethene maleimide) is a thiol probe for measuring unfolded protein load and proteostasis in cells (the excitation wavelength is 350 nm and the emission wavelength is 470 nm). TPE-MI can report imbalances in proteostasis in induced pluripotent stem cell models of Huntington disease, as well as cells transfected with mutant Huntington exon 1 before the formation of visible aggregates. TPE-MI also detects protein damage following dihydroartemisinin research of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum .

Cy3 (Sulfo-Cyanine3) is an orange-fluorescent label for protein and nucleic acid (λ_ex=554, λ_em=568).

Fluorescein-5-maleimide (N-(5-Fluoresceinyl)maleimide) is a fluorescent dye. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can be used to detect the redox state of thiols in eukaryotic cells. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can label peptides and is used to detect negatively charged nanoparticles. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can also label actin to explore its interaction with cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), which helps in developing small molecule modulators for heart failure. Fluorescein-5-maleimide can screen mutant proteins that contain cysteine residues. The excitation wavelength of Fluorescein-5-maleimide is 494 nm, and the emission wavelength is 519 nm.

Vari Fluor 488-Streptavidin is a dye marker of Vari Fluor-streptavidin consisting of labeling streptavidin with a Vari Fluor series of fluorescent probes. Streptavidin is a high-affinity tetramer protein, each tetramer consisting of four identical streptavidin subunits. Streptavidin binds to biotin specifically via a reversible non-covalent effect. Streptavidin can achieve rapid and efficient detection of biotin markers, and is often used in immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical staining (IFH), in situ hybridization (ISH) and other experiments. Ex/Em=490 nm/515 nm.
Product Concentration: 0.8 mg/mL

Cy3 NHS ester is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis. CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance.

Bromobimane (Monobromobimane) is a nonfluorescent and converts into fluorescent products when reacts with thiols. Bromobimane has potential applications in labeling thiols.

Vari Fluor 647-Streptavidin is a dye marker of Vari Fluor-streptavidin consisting of labeling streptavidin with a Vari Fluor series of fluorescent probes. Streptavidin is a high-affinity tetramer protein, each tetramer consisting of four identical streptavidin subunits. Streptavidin binds to biotin specifically via a reversible non-covalent effect. Streptavidin can achieve rapid and efficient detection of biotin markers, and is often used in immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical staining (IFH), in situ hybridization (ISH) and other experiments. Ex/Em=650 nm/665 nm.
Product Concentration: 0.8 mg/mL

Cyanine5.5 amine (Cy 5.5 amine), a Cy5.5 Analogue, is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (Ex=648 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 amine can be used in the preparation of Cy5.5-labeled nanoparticles, which can be tracked and imaged with low fluorescence background using confocal microscopy.

Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is a near-infrared (NIR)red fluorescent dye with λ_absand λ_em of 646nm and 670 nm, respectively. Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is not suitable for staining intracellular components of permeabilezed cell, it may exhibits a high background. Cy5-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Cyanine5 DBCO (DBCO-Cy5) hexafluorophosphate is a low-toxicity azide reactive probe (NIR fluorescent dye), for imaging azide-labeled biomolecules via a copper-free "click-through" reaction. Cyanine5 DBCO hexafluorophosphate has no apparent cytotoxicity or animal toxicity and shows no damage to the physiological functions of cells other than the target cells (azide-labeled cells). Cyanine5 DBCO hexafluorophosphate can be used to label and track cells in vitro and in vivo (Ex=635 nm, Em=650-700 nm).

FlAsH-EDT2 is a protein labeling reagent. FlAsH-EDT2 binds to Cys4 with high affinity and emits fluorescence. FlAsH-EDT2 can cross the cell membrane and enter the interior of the cell. FlAsH-EDT2 can only be used for labeling proteins with high concentration.

CY5-N3 (Sulfo-Cyanine5-azide) is a Cy5-azide, which is a fluorescent dye (ex/em: 646/662 nm). CY5-N3 is cell membrane permeable and can be used for live cell imaging. CY5-N3 can be used in cell imagine by Click reaction.