Cathepsin H

Cathepsin H (CTSH) stands out within the papain-like cathepsin family as the only mammalian member with aminopeptidase rather than endopeptidase activity. This behavior results from a residual octapeptide, termed the mini-chain, that remains bound in the active site after proteolytic processing and directs substrates to be cleaved from the N-terminus. The enzyme is synthesized as a preproenzyme and resides in lysosomes of many tissues, with particularly abundant expression in lung, kidney, and placenta. CTSH has been linked to cancer biology, with elevated levels described in some gastric and colorectal tumors, and it has also been studied in the context of antigen processing.