2. Disease Areas
  3. Infection

Infection

Infection is a pathological condition caused by the invasion of normally sterile tissues, fluids, or body cavities by pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms, characterized by a host-microorganism imbalance exceeding 10⁵ organisms per gram of tissue or the presence of beta-hemolytic streptococci. It commonly arises in various wound settings such as traumatic skin injuries, burns, chronic ulcers, surgical sites, and after device implantation. A successful immune response can allow normal wound healing through the phases of coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling; however, when this defense fails, infection can impair healing, delay wound closure, and lead to severe systemic complications including bacteremia, sepsis, and multi-system organ failure. Individuals with immunosuppressive conditions are at heightened risk, and rising bacterial resistance further exacerbates the threat, increasing both clinical morbidity and healthcare costs. The growing prevalence of resistant pathogens underscores the critical need for vigilant prevention and management of wound infections across all patient populations.

References:

 

Infection (17292):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-10219
    Rapamycin 53123-88-9 99.94%
    Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific blood-brain barrier-transmissible mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant.
    Rapamycin
  • HY-100579
    Ferrostatin-1 347174-05-4 99.96%
    Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a potent and selective ferroptosis inhibitor, suppresses Erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT-1080 cells (EC50=60 nM). Ferrostatin-1, a synthetic antioxidant, acts via a reductive mechanism to prevent damage to membrane lipids and thereby inhibits cell death. Ferrostatin-1 exhibits antifungal activity.
    Ferrostatin-1
  • HY-Y0320
    Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets analytical specification of Ch.P. 67-68-5 99.99%
    Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), meets analytical specification of Ch.P. is an aprotic solvent that dissolves polar and non-polar compounds, including water-insoluble therapeutic and toxic agents. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has a strong affinity for water and can rapidly penetrate or enhance the penetration of other substances into biological membranes. Dimethyl sulfoxide also has potential free radical scavenging and anticholinesterase effects and may affect coagulation activity. Dimethyl sulfoxide also induces histamine release from mast cells but is thought to have low systemic toxicity. Dimethyl sulfoxide also exhibits antifreeze and antibacterial properties.
    MCE provides Dimethyl sulfoxide that complies with the inspection standards (Ch.P) of Part 4 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition). Amicrobic, low endotoxin, can be used in various biochemical experiments such as drug dissolution.
    Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets analytical specification of Ch.P.
  • HY-13757A
    Tamoxifen 10540-29-1 99.96%
    Tamoxifen (ICI 47699) is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which blocks estrogen action in breast cells and can activate estrogen activity in other cells, such as bone, liver, and uterine cells. Tamoxifen is a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC50 of 0.1 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively. Tamoxifen activates autophagy and induces apoptosis. Tamoxifen can also be dissolved in corn oil (HY-Y1888) for use in inducing gene knockout in CreER transgenic mice. Tamoxifen has better solubility in corn oil compared to Tamoxifen Citrate (HY-13757).
    Tamoxifen
  • HY-17589A
    Chloroquine 54-05-7 99.50%
    Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
    Chloroquine
  • HY-W023331
    (R)-b-Aminoisobutyric acid 2140-95-6 99.76%
    (R)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid is a β-amino acid. (R)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid boosts myeloperoxidase microbicidal activity against susceptible microorganisms. (R)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid can be used for the research of bacterial infections.
    (R)-b-Aminoisobutyric acid
  • HY-P11497
    Cyclomarin monomer-1 98.24%
    Cyclomarin monomer-1 (Compound 5), a cyclomarin monomer, is a pre-dimerization precursor that can form Homo-BacPROTACs targeting the degradation of ClpC1. Cyclomarin monomer-1 binds to the Mtb ClpC1 protein with a KD of 3.5 nM. The MIC of Cyclomarin monomer-1 against the Mtb H37Rv standard strain is 1.6 μM. Cyclomarin monomer-1 can be used as a key intermediate in the development of Homo-BacPROTACs.
    Cyclomarin monomer-1
  • HY-186018
    Pitstop 2d
    Pitstop 2d is a Clathrin inhibitor with an IC50 of <2 μM. Pitstop 2d binds to Clathrin N-terminal β-propeller domain, inhibits Clathrin function and dynamics and impairs VSV entry. Pitstop 2d inhibits Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis. Pitstop 2d does not inhibit clathrin-independent Endocytosis.
    Pitstop 2d
  • HY-14648
    Dexamethasone 50-02-2 99.86%
    Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, apoptosis inducer, and common disease inducer in experimental animals, constructing models of muscle atrophy, hypertension, and depression. Dexamethasone can inhibit the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages and significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in neutrophils and monocytes. Dexamethasone also has potential for use in COVID-19 research.
    Dexamethasone
  • HY-100558
    Bafilomycin A1 88899-55-2 99.95%
    Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) is a specific and reversible inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) with IC50 values of 4-400 nmol/mg. Bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic, is also used as an autophagy inhibitor at the late stage. Bafilomycin A1 blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion and inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells. Bafilomycin A1 induces apoptosis.
    Bafilomycin A1
  • HY-D1056
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O55:B5)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O55:B5) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activate TLR-4 in immune cells, exhibit high pyrogenicity, and demonstrate dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can be widely used to induce cellular inflammation and establish animal models related to inflammation.
    It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5
  • HY-B0215
    Acetylcysteine 616-91-1 99.86%
    Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent that can cross the blood-brain barrier, which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities. In addition, Acetylcysteine ​​is the most stable form of cysteine ​​during drug delivery and can be used in disulfidptosis studies.
    Acetylcysteine
  • HY-13948
    Angiotensin II human 4474-91-3 99.98%
    Angiotensin II (Angiotensin II) is a vasoconstrictor and a major bioactive peptide of the renin/angiotensin system. Angiotensin II human plays a central role in regulating human blood pressure, which is mainly mediated by interactions between Angiotensin II and the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Angiotensin II human stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human also induces apoptosis. Angiotensin II induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway.
    Angiotensin II human
  • HY-B0015
    Paclitaxel 33069-62-4 99.97%
    Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy.
    Paclitaxel
  • HY-10162
    Olaparib 763113-22-0 99.98%
    Olaparib (AZD2281; KU0059436) is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC50s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an autophagy and mitophagy activator. Olaparib cannot cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB).
    Olaparib
  • HY-15141
    Staurosporine 62996-74-1 99.77%
    Staurosporine is a potent, ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitor of protein kinases with IC50s of 6 nM, 15 nM, 2 nM, and 3 nM for PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, and Phosphorylase kinase respectively. Staurosporine also inhibits TAOK2 with an IC50 of 3 μM. Staurosporine is an apoptosis inducer.
    Staurosporine
  • HY-10108
    LY294002 154447-36-6 99.95%
    LY294002 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K with IC50s of 0.5, 0.57, and 0.97 μM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ and PI3Kβ, respectively. LY294002 also inhibits CK2 with an IC50 of 98 nM. LY294002 is a competitive DNA-PK inhibitor that binds reversibly to the kinase domain of DNA-PK with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. LY294002 is an apoptosis activator.
    LY294002
  • HY-90006
    5-Fluorouracil 51-21-8 99.99%
    5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.
    5-Fluorouracil
  • HY-B2176
    ATP 56-65-5 99.88%
    ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation. ATP can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce IL-1β and chemokines secretion. ATP has anti-bacterial infection effects and can protect mice against bacterial infection in mice.
    ATP
  • HY-15531
    Venetoclax 1257044-40-8 99.95%
    Venetoclax (ABT-199; GDC-0199) is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Bcl-2 inhibitor with a Ki of less than 0.01 nM. Venetoclax induces autophagy.
    Venetoclax