Behavioral Addiction

ANA-12 is a brain-penetrant, selective TrkB antagonist with IC₅₀ values of 45.6 nM and 41.1 μM, and K_d values of 10 nM and 12 μM, for high- and low-affinity sites, respectively. ANA-12 specifically inhibits BDNF-induced TrkB receptor activation and its downstream signaling cascades by directly and non-competitively binding to the TrkB receptor, without affecting the functions of TrkA and TrkC. ANA-12 is used in research concerning neuropsychiatric disorders (such as depression and anxiety), acute and chronic pain, neuroimmune inflammation, and the mechanisms of learning and memory.

SKF-83566 hydrobromide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable D1/D5 dopamine receptor antagonist with a K_i value of approximately 0.4-0.56 nM. SKF-83566 hydrobromide modulates locomotor behavior and spatial memory by blocking D1 receptors and inhibits glioblastoma progression by targeting the DRD1/c-Myc/UHRF1 pathway. SKF-83566 hydrobromide acts as an inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2). SKF-83566 hydrobromide competitively binds to DAT to inhibit dopamine reuptake and non-competitively inhibits AC2 activity, thereby reducing cAMP accumulation. SKF-83566 hydrobromide is used in research areas such as dopaminergic system mechanisms, learning and memory, targeted intervention for glioblastoma, AC2 pathophysiology, antiparasitic drug screening, and synaptic plasticity (the "gating effect").

SKF-83566 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable D1/D5 dopamine receptor antagonist with a K_i value of approximately 0.4-0.56 nM. SKF-83566 modulates locomotor behavior and spatial memory by blocking D1 receptors and inhibits glioblastoma progression by targeting the DRD1/c-Myc/UHRF1 pathway. SKF-83566 acts as an inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2). SKF-83566 competitively binds to DAT to inhibit dopamine reuptake and non-competitively inhibits AC2 activity, thereby reducing cAMP accumulation. SKF-83566 is used in research areas such as dopaminergic system mechanisms, learning and memory, targeted intervention for glioblastoma, AC2 pathophysiology, antiparasitic drug screening, and synaptic plasticity (the "gating effect").

N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl) adenosine (Para-topolin riboside) is an equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) inhibitor and a selective agonist of adenosine A_2a receptor (A_2aR), and also exhibits activity against P2Y12 receptor. N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl) adenosine reduces ethanol intake and preference, attenuates operant conditioning-induced ethanol place preference, decreases the value of ethanol-related rewards, and inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation. N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl) adenosine can be used in studies related to alcohol use disorder.

Noribogaine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable SERT inhibitor (IC₅₀=50-300 nM) and hERG channel blocker. Noribogaine hydrochloride enhances serotonergic transmission, activates the κ-opioid receptor (OPRK) G protein signaling pathway and inhibits β-arrestin recruitment. Meanwhile, Noribogaine hydrochloride blocks the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM) signaling pathway as well as ion channels associated with cardiac repolarization. Noribogaine hydrochloride induces neuritogenesis, upregulates GDNF mRNA expression, and modulates opioid tolerance. Noribogaine hydrochloride reduces alcohol-seeking behavior in experimental animals, and is widely used in studies related to depression, addiction, alcoholism, and cardiotoxicity.

Cyclazocine is a μ, δ, and κ opioid receptor modulator with K_i values of 0.32, 1.1, and 0.18 nM, respectively. Cyclazocine exhibits "mixed" pharmacological activities, acting as a μ-partial antagonist, κ-agonist, and low-affinity δ ligand. Cyclazocine shows antinociceptive activity in mice. Cyclazocine can be used in studies on psychoactive substance addiction.

LR1143 is a dopamine transporter (DAT) and 5-HT uptake inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 3.4 nM and 112 nM in rats, respectively. LR1143 binds to DAT labeled with the dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12935 (HY-12242A), with an IC₅₀ of 4.4 nM. LR1143 shows lower selectivity for DAT than for serotonin reuptake sites. LR1143 can be used in studies related to cocaine abuse.

RTI-122 is a selective, blood-brain barrier-permeable GPR88 agonist (cAMP EC₅₀=11 nM), with EC₅₀ values of 11.5 nM and 155 nM for human and mouse GPR88, respectively ([³⁵S]GTPγS assay). By activating the GPR88 receptor to regulate the cAMP signaling pathway and G protein activity, RTI-122 significantly attenuates Binge-like drinking, reduces alcohol intake, and decreases alcohol-seeking motivation. RTI-122 blocks the reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior without affecting water or sucrose intake. RTI-122 exhibits metabolic stability in mice (T_1/2=5.8 h) and can be used to investigate alcohol use disorder.

(-)-Isocorypalmine (Tetrahydrocolumbamine; (S)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine) is a dopamine receptor ligand and modulator capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. (-)-Isocorypalmine exhibits receptor selectivity, acting as a partial agonist of dopamine D1 and D5 receptors (coupled via Gs proteins), as well as an antagonist of D2, D3 and D4 receptors (by blocking Gi protein-mediated signaling). (-)-Isocorypalmine shows no significant binding to various non-dopamine receptors, ion channels and transporters. (-)-Isocorypalmine is metabolically stable in vivo, effectively inhibits spontaneous and cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion, sensitization and conditioned place preference in mice, and does not induce addictive place preference when administered alone. (-)-Isocorypalmine can be used in addiction research.

SKF-83566 hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable D1/D5 dopamine receptor antagonist with a K_i value of approximately 0.4-0.56 nM. SKF-83566 hydrochloride modulates locomotor behavior and spatial memory by blocking D1 receptors and inhibits glioblastoma progression by targeting the DRD1/c-Myc/UHRF1 pathway. SKF-83566 hydrochloride acts as an inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2). SKF-83566 hydrochloride competitively binds to DAT to inhibit dopamine reuptake and non-competitively inhibits AC2 activity, thereby reducing cAMP accumulation. SKF-83566 hydrochloride is used in research areas such as dopaminergic system mechanisms, learning and memory, targeted intervention for glioblastoma, AC2 pathophysiology, antiparasitic drug screening, and synaptic plasticity (the "gating effect").

5-HT2A receptor agonist-14 (Compound I-23) is a tricyclic 5-HT2A receptor agonist with a pEC₅₀ value ≥ 6. 5-HT2A receptor agonist-14 can be used in research related to depression, anxiety, substance abuse and headache.

VK4-116 (Compound 19) is a selective Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist with a K_i of 6.84 nM.VK4-116 significantly inhibits Oxycodone-induced hyperlocomotion and locomotor sensitization in mouse models. VK4-116 with pretreatment also inhibits the acquisition of Oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rat models.

AI 3-25755 (OMS-403) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist. AI 3-25755 can be used for research on opioid abuse and smoking cessation.

ML138 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.87 μM and a human K_i value of 2.4 nM for human receptors; it exhibits high selectivity for KOR over μ, δ and other receptors. ML138 activates β-arrestin (beta-arrestin)-mediated signaling pathways, stimulates G protein coupling, and activates the downstream extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signaling pathway. ML138 is applicable to research related to addictive behaviors.

18-Methoxycoronaridine ((-)-18-Methoxycoronaridine) is an orally active and selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist. 18-Methoxycoronaridine is an inhibitor of serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), with IC₅₀ values of 51.6 μM and 121 μM for SERT and NET, respectively. 18-Methoxycoronaridine inhibits the function of SERT and NET, promotes 5-HT3A receptor desensitization, blocks α3β4 nAChR, and modulates receptor signaling pathways associated with reinforcement. 18-Methoxycoronaridine also exhibits potent antiparasitic activity. 18-Methoxycoronaridine can be used in research related to depression, obesity, alcoholism, smoking addiction, and cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Fourphit is a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor and phencyclidine (PCP) receptor binding agent. Fourphit irreversibly acylates the DAT [³H]methylphenidate binding site, reversibly binds to the PCP receptor, and sensitizes neuronal L-type DHP calcium channels. Fourphit attenuates K⁺-stimulated ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake at high concentrations, and after its pretreatment, Nifedipine (HY-B0284) effectively inhibits this uptake without affecting resting calcium uptake. Fourphit reduces cocaine-induced hyperactivity, decreases cocaine-induced rearing frequency, enhances cocaine-induced thigmotaxis, elicits an acute increase in locomotor activity, and suppresses dark-cycle activity. Fourphit is used in research related to cocaine abuse and addiction.

18-Methoxycoronaridine ((-)-18-Methoxycoronaridine) hydrochloride is an orally active and selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist. 18-Methoxycoronaridine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), with IC₅₀ values of 51.6 μM and 121 μM for SERT and NET, respectively. 18-Methoxycoronaridine hydrochloride inhibits the function of SERT and NET, promotes 5-HT3A receptor desensitization, blocks α3β4 nAChR, and modulates receptor signaling pathways associated with reinforcement. 18-Methoxycoronaridine hydrochloride also exhibits potent antiparasitic activity. 18-Methoxycoronaridine hydrochloride can be used in research related to depression, obesity, alcoholism, smoking addiction, and cutaneous leishmaniasis.

CTDP-32476 is a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor with antidepressant activity, exhibiting a K_i value of 12 nM for human DAT and moderate affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). CTDP-32476 blocks DAT to increase extracellular dopamine levels, and induces locomotor stimulation and brain-stimulation reward effects in rats. CTDP-32476 is used in research related to drug addiction.

SKF-83566 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SKF-83566 (HY-103430A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SKF-83566 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable D1/D5 dopamine receptor antagonist with a K_i value of approximately 0.4-0.56 nM. SKF-83566 modulates locomotor behavior and spatial memory by blocking D1 receptors and inhibits glioblastoma progression by targeting the DRD1/c-Myc/UHRF1 pathway. SKF-83566 acts as an inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2). SKF-83566 competitively binds to DAT to inhibit dopamine reuptake and non-competitively inhibits AC2 activity, thereby reducing cAMP accumulation. SKF-83566 is used in research areas such as dopaminergic system mechanisms, learning and memory, targeted intervention for glioblastoma, AC2 pathophysiology, antiparasitic drug screening, and synaptic plasticity (the "gating effect").