Fluorogenic Substrate

D-luciferin potassium is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP. We offer the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004A), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .

D-luciferin sodium is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP. We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004A), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .

D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP. We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004A), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .

C12FDG (5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-D-Galactopyranoside) is a lipophilic green fluorescent substrate for β-galactosidase detection. C12-FDG is more sensitive than Fluorescein di(β-D-galactopyranoside) (HY-101895) for beta-galactosidase activity determinations in animal cells (Ex/Em = 488/523 nm).

Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC is a membrane-permeable calpain-specific fluorogenic substrate (Ex/Em = 390/480 nm).

NIR-ASM is a near-infrared fluorescent probe that can cross cell membranes and be activated by NQO1. NIR-ASM can distinguish NQO1-expressing cancer cells from normal cells via fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. NIR-ASM generates near-infrared fluorescence with a high signal-to-noise ratio in tumor models with NQO1 activity, enabling the detection of endogenous NQO1 activity in vivo. NIR-ASM is applicable to the research of lung cancer and breast cancer.

Coelenterazine is a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase. Renilla luciferase and substrate coelenterazine has been used as the bioluminescence donor in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe and it can also be used in chemiluminescent detection of peroxynitrite (Ex/Em = 429/466 nm).

4-MUNANA is a substrate of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) with high selectivity and irreversible reaction. In the enzymatic reaction, 4-MUNANA is hydrolyzed by NA to generate fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). By detecting the fluorescence intensity of 4-MU, quantitative analysis of NA activity can be achieved. 4-MUNANA can be used in influenza-related research, such as screening NA inhibitors, developing new anti-influenza drugs, and studying the infection mechanism of influenza viruses.

X-GAL (BCIG) is a widely used chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate. X-GAL is a colorless compound until cleaved by β-galactosidase, at which point X-GAL turns to an insoluble and detectable blue compound, making X-GAL particularly useful in techniques such as blue-white screening for cloning in bacteria. X-GAL can also be used for detection of β-galactosidase activity.

ABTS diammonium salt (AzBTS-(NH4)2) is a substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. ABTS diammonium salt can be used to evaluate antioxidant capacity.

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) is a substrate for dehydrogenases; is used with the alkaline phosphatase substrate 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl Phosphate (BCIP) in western blotting and immunohistological staining procedures.

Dansylcadaverine (Monodansyl cadaverine) is an autofluorescent compound used for the labeling of autophagic vacuoles. Dansylcadaverine, a high affinity substrate of transglutaminases, can block the receptor-mediated endocytosis of many ligands.

CycLuc1 is a blood-brain barrier permeable luciferase substrate that displays near-infrared (NIR) emission with a peak luminescence wavelength of 599 nm. CycLuc1 can be used for in vivo bioluminescence imaging.

Diphenylterazine (DTZ) is a bioluminescence agent. Diphenylterazine alone yielded very little background, leading to excellent signal-to-background ratios.

Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (ε-NAD) is a fluorescent analog of NAD. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be cleaved by phosphodiesterase I (from C. adamanteus venom) and binds to bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can serve as a substrate for G-ADP ribosylation of G proteins catalyzed by bacterial toxins. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be used as a fluorescent substrate for the study of ADP ribosylation reactions.

Z-Gly-Pro-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate. Z-Gly-Pro-AMC is hydrolyzed by prolyl endopeptidase to generate highly fluorescent 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin (HY-D0027). (λ_ex=380 nm, λ_em=465 nm).

N-[3-(2-Furyl)acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly (FAPGG) is a specific substrate of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with a Ki of 2.546×10^-4 M. It is used as a chromogenic probe for quantitative detection of ACE activity. N-[3-(2-Furyl)acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly can be hydrolyzed by ACE to generate N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Phe (FAP) and Gly-Gly, and the ACE inhibitory effect is monitored by photometry. FAPGG competitively binds to the active center of ACE and is a key tool for screening ACE inhibitors such as Captopril (HY-B0368) and Dioscorin. Its reversible mechanism of action supports hypertension research and drug development targeting the renin-angiotensin system.

MeOSuc-AAPV-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for human leukocyte and porcine pancreatic elastase (K_m: 362 μM, Ex=380 nm, Em=460 nm).