D-Luciferin potassium
Based on 123 publication(s) in Google Scholar
D-luciferin potassium is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP. We offer the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004A), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.49%
- CAS No.: 115144-35-9
- Formula: C11H7KN2O3S2
- Molecular Weight:318.41
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) D-Luciferin potassium
More- Science. 2026 Jun 25;392(6805):eadz3624. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2026 Mar 9;44(3):658-675.e12. [Abstract]
- Nat Nanotechnol. 2026 Jun 15. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer. 2025 Jan 24;24(1):29. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2025 Sep 2;37(9):1907-1925.e14. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2022 Nov 1;34(11):1843-1859.e11. [Abstract]
- Adv Mater. 2025 Jan 21:e2412430. [Abstract]
- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Nov 10. [Abstract]
- Mil Med Res. 2023 Jul 25;10(1):34. [Abstract]
- Sci Bull. 2025 Apr 15;70(7):1126-1138. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2026 Apr 2;33(4):660-675.e5. [Abstract]
- Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Sep 15.
- ACS Nano. 2025 Oct 21;19(41):36353-36372. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2024 Dec 10;18(49):33366-33380. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 May 11;17(1):4190. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 18;16(1):10096. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Oct 1;16(1):8750. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Oct 9;16(1):8990. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Mar 1;16(1):2104. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Dec;13(12):5074-5090. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Mar;13(3):967-981. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2024 Mar;20(3):541-556. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2023 Jun;19(6):1745-1763. [Abstract]
- Compos B Eng. 2024 Feb 15, 271, 111162.
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Apr;13(20):e15431. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 23:e11573. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 8:e2415229. [Abstract]
- J Clin Invest. 2026 May 15;136(10):e199285. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2025 May 5:322:123391. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2025 Feb 19;44(1):60. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Nov 18;23(1):717. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Jun 6;23(1):421. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Mar 28;23(1):252. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2023 Oct 19;21(1):383. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2026 May 15;12(20):eaed0154. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2026 Mar 1:375:124760. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Mar 28;11(13):eads2295. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2024 Aug 16;10(33):eado1533. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther. 2026 Jun 2:S1525-0016(26)00470-3. [Abstract]
- Asian J Pharm Sci. 2022 Jul;17(4):557-570. [Abstract]
- Plant Cell. 2025 May 5:koaf098. [Abstract]
- Plant Commun. 2024 Sep 2:101076. [Abstract]
- Plant Commun. 2024 Aug 12;5(8):100937. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2025 Jun 18:113970. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2024 Oct 31:480:136351. [Abstract]
- Rare Metals. 2025 Oct 12.
- J Immunother Cancer. 2026 May 12;14(5):e012347. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Apr 15;13(4):e011108. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2026 Feb:224:108088. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2021 Apr;166:105527. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2023 Oct 28:575:216403. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2026 Jul:218:244-260. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Jun 23:e2405061. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2025 May 1:197:431-443. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2020 Sep 17;11(9):765. [Abstract]
- Sci China Life Sci. 2022 Feb;65(2):341-361. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Dec 15:149699. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Dec;333(Pt 2):148750. [Abstract]
- Hortic Res. 2025 Sep 17.
- Hortic Res. 2022 Jan 20:9:uhab088. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Apr;43(4):1046-1058. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec:149:157559. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 8:148:157389. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026 Jun 24;18(24):33542-33558. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Mar 16:246:93-106. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Dec 11;16(49):67192-67202. [Abstract]
- New Phytol. 2025 Dec 7. [Abstract]
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- New Phytol. 2023 Sep;239(5):1887-1902. [Abstract]
- New Phytol. 2022 Dec;236(5):1796-1808. [Abstract]
- Neoplasia. 2025 Feb 4:61:101123. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2024 Aug 28;22(1):792. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Sep:117:109126. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12(3):839-856. [Abstract]
- Cell Chem Biol. 2022 Mar 17;29(3):517-529.e5. [Abstract]
- Plant Physiol. 2024 Sep 1:kiae464. [Abstract]
- Plant Physiol. 2023 Oct 26;193(3):2105-2121. [Abstract]
- Plant Physiol. 2021 Jun 11;186(2):1302-1317. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2024 Nov 28;67(22):20100-20117. [Abstract]
- Int J Nanomedicine. 2026 Mar 20:21:577606. [Abstract]
- Plant Cell Environ. 2023 Jun;46(6):1921-1934. [Abstract]
- Plant Cell Environ. 2023 May;46(5):1726-1742. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jul 9;73(27):16787-16803. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2025 Nov 27;37(1):102785. [Abstract]
- J Mater Chem B. 2026 May 15. [Abstract]
- Breast Cancer Res. 2025 Dec 18;27(1):217. [Abstract]
- Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2025 Sep 30:257:115180. [Abstract]
- Biosensors (Basel). 2024 May 16;14(5):252. [Abstract]
- Int J Oncol. 2020 Mar;56(3):761-771. [Abstract]
- Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2026 Apr 20;49(3):77. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Mar 1:172:116170. [Abstract]
- mBio. 2025 Apr 9;16(4):e0366524. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 7;143(Pt 3):113573. [Abstract]
- Nanomedicine. 2025 Aug 9:69:102849. [Abstract]
- J Integr Agric. 2025 Mar 27.
- iScience. 2025 Sep 24;28(11):113647. [Abstract]
- Antiviral Res. 2024 Nov 8:232:106036. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 17;15(1):43979. [Abstract]
- J Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Aug 24;19(3):e70040. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):11040. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Oct 18:112174. [Abstract]
- Parasit Vectors. 2023 Apr 24;16(1):139. [Abstract]
- Vet Res. 2021 Jun 26;52(1):95. [Abstract]
- BMC Cancer. 2023 Oct 31;23(1):1047. [Abstract]
- Pathol Res Pract. 2025 May 27:272:156051. [Abstract]
- Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2025 Sep 25;30(9):43761. [Abstract]
- J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Nov;106(5):1089-1100. [Abstract]
- Arch Biochem Biophys. 2026 May 15:110866. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Med Chem. 2025 Nov 19:133:118489. [Abstract]
- Plasma Process Polym. 2024 Oct 22.
- Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024 Sep;12(9):e70005. [Abstract]
- J Gastrointest Oncol. 2025 Apr 30;16(2):599-614. [Abstract]
- J Vis Exp. 2025 Oct 17:(224). [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 29.
- bioRxiv. 2025 February 27.
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 16.
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 2024.
- SSRN. 2023 Sep 15.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 10.
- SSRN. 2023 Mar 20.
- Research Square Print. 2023 Feb 3.
- Research Square Print. December 19th, 2022.
- Gastro Hep Adv. 2022 Nov 8;2(3):412-423. [Abstract]
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In Vivo Imaging
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In Vivo Imaging
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Imaging
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In Vivo Imaging
Biological Activity
Guide (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs).
1. Precautions
1.1 The D-luciferin salts are readily soluble in aqueous buffers (pH 6.1-6.5) up to 100 mM. Stock solutions can be made in ATP-free water and stored at -20 °C protect from light. The free acid must be neutralized with an appropriate base to solubilize. At a higher pH, luciferin undergoes a base-catalyzed formation of dehydroluciferin, as well as racemization to the L-isomer.
1.2 The D-luciferin can be used with any existing reporter assay or ATP assay system.
1.3 If testing for ATP, minimize all possible sources of ATP contamination by wearing gloves and using ATP-free containers. Use only sterile ATP-free water and reagents. Use autoclaved water for all reagent preparations.
2. Experimental Protocols
2.1 Example protocol for in vitro bioluminescent image assays
a) Prepare a 100 mM (100-200X) Luciferin stock solution in sterile water. Mix well. Use immediately, or make single use aliquots, and store at -20 °C, avoid freeze-thaw cycles, avoid exposure to the light.
b) Prepare a 0.5-1 mM working solution of D-Luciferin in pre-warmed tissue culture medium.
c) Aspirate media from cultured cells.
d) Add Luciferin working solution to cells, and incubate the cells for 5-10 minutes at 37°C just prior to imaging.
2.2 Example protocol for in vivo bioluminescent image assays
a) Prepare a 15 mg/mL Luciferin stock solution in DPBS, without Mg2+ and Ca2+. Mix well.
b) Filter sterilizes the solution through a 0.2 μm filter. Use immediately, or make single use aliquots, and store at -20 °C, avoid freeze-thaw cycles, avoid exposure to the light.
c) Inject the luciferin intra-peritoneally (i.p.) 10-15 minutes before imaging at 150 mg/kg (or 10 μL/g of luciferin stock solution) of the animal body weight.
Note: A kinetic study of luciferin should be performed for each animal model to determine peak signal time.
2.3 Example protocol for luciferin reporter assays
a) Prepare a 100 mM Luciferin stock solution in sterile water. Use immediately, or make single use aliquots, and store at -20 °C, avoid freeze-thaw cycles, avoid exposure to the light.
b) Prepare a 1 mM working solution of D-Luciferin with 3 mM ATP, 1 mM DTT and 15 mM MgSO4 in 25 mM tricine buffer pH 7.8.
c) Pipette 5-10 μLof cell lysate into a microplate. Use lysis reagent or buffer without lysate as a blank.
d) Prime luminometer with luciferin working solution according to manufacturer’s instructions.
e) Inject 200 μL of luciferin working solution with no delay and a 10 second integration time.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Inject with 10 μL of D-luciferin (intraperitoneally or intravenously) stock solution per gram of body weight: normally ~200 μL for a 20 g mouse for a standard 150 mg/kg injection.
Thaw D-Luciferin (either Potassium or Sodium Salt) at room temperature and dissolve in dPBS (no calcium or magnesium) to a final concentration of 15 mg/mL. Pre-wet a 0.22 μm filter by drawing through 5-10 mL of sterile H2O and discard water. Sterilize the D-Luciferin solution through the prepared 0.22 μm syringe filter.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 115144-35-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 318.41
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Formula C11H7KN2O3S2
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C([C@@H]1N=C(C2=NC3=CC=C(O)C=C3S2)SC1)O[K]
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Synonyms
D-(-)-Luciferin potassium; Firefly luciferin potassium; Beetle Luciferin potassium
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (123)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Science
2026 Jun 25;392(6805):eadz3624. PMID: 42348698 -
Cancer Cell
Chemotherapy triggers immune evasion by fostering LEPR+ Kupffer cell differentiation in liver metastases. [Abstract]2026 Mar 9;44(3):658-675.e12. PMID: 41687606 -
Nat Nanotechnol
Nano-enabled spatially selective protein degradation modulates lactate metabolism to potentiate antitumor immunity in liver cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jun 15. PMID: 42298103 -
Mol Cancer
Circular RNA circBNC2 inhibits tumorigenesis by modulating ferroptosis and acts as a nanotherapeutic target in prostate cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jan 24;24(1):29. PMID: 39856701 -
Cell Metab
Tumor-associated Schwann cell remodeling under metabolic stress via lactate sensing orchestrates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development. [Abstract]2025 Sep 2;37(9):1907-1925.e14. PMID: 40803319 -
Cell Metab
2022 Nov 1;34(11):1843-1859.e11. PMID: 36103895 -
Adv Mater
A Universal Therapeutic Vaccine Leveraging Autologous Pre-Existing Immunity to Eliminate in Situ Uniformly Engineered Heterogeneous Tumor Cells. [Abstract]2025 Jan 21:e2412430. PMID: 39838750 -
Cancer Commun (Lond)
Unfolded protein response kinase PERK supports survival and metastasis of circulating tumor cell clusters via SAM synthesis and H3K4me3-dependent PDGFB signaling. [Abstract]2025 Nov 10. PMID: 41212905 -
Mil Med Res
RARRES2 regulates lipid metabolic reprogramming to mediate the development of brain metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2023 Jul 25;10(1):34. PMID: 37491281 -
Sci Bull
Tumor cell-derived N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate reshapes the tumor microenvironment to facilitate breast cancer metastasis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 15;70(7):1126-1138. PMID: 39800628 -
Cell Stem Cell
2026 Apr 2;33(4):660-675.e5. PMID: 41895281 -
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Sep 15.
In vivo bioluminescence images of mice in different groups. Lung metastasis of the tumors through in vivo imaging by intraperitoneal injection of D-luciferin sodium (75 mg/kg, 100 μL) at 20 min before bioluminescence imaging.
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ACS Nano
Surface d-Band Modulation via Biodirected Mineralization Enables Nanoenzymes to Inhibit Radiation-Induced T-Cell Exhaustion and Potentiate Immunoradiotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21;19(41):36353-36372. PMID: 41073355 -
ACS Nano
Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Fragment Linked to Tumor-Targeting Lipid Nanoparticle Can Eliminate Cancer and Its Metastasis via Photoimmunotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Dec 10;18(49):33366-33380. PMID: 39603816
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2024 Dec 10;18(49):33366-33380. [Abstract]
4T1-luc tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were intravenously (i.v.) injected with 100 mg/kg of iLNPs and 100 mg/kg piLNPs. D-Luciferin sodium (150 mg/kg) was administered to mice 5 min before fluorescence measurement, and ICG fluorescence was measured using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) at each indicated time.
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Nat Commun
Ascites protects against ferroptosis and enables the peritoneal growth of ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2026 May 11;17(1):4190. PMID: 42115216 -
Nat Commun
Co-delivery of sorafenib and an FSP1 inhibitor triggers dual ferroptosis in tumor cells and immunosuppressive macrophages for enhanced immunotherapy in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18;16(1):10096. PMID: 41253833 -
Nat Commun
HY5 integrates light and electrical signaling to trigger a jasmonate burst for nematode defense in tomato. [Abstract]2025 Oct 1;16(1):8750. PMID: 41034216 -
Nat Commun
Size-variable self-feedback nanomotors for glioblastoma therapy via mitochondrial mineralization. [Abstract]2025 Oct 9;16(1):8990. PMID: 41068089 -
Nat Commun
Harnessing engineered symbionts to combat concurrent malaria and arboviruses transmission. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1;16(1):2104. PMID: 40025068 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Converting bacteria into autologous tumor vaccine via surface biomineralization of calcium carbonate for enhanced immunotherapy. [Abstract]2023 Dec;13(12):5074-5090. PMID: 38045045
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Dec;13(12):5074-5090. [Abstract]
The bioluminescence images of lungs harvested from mice post different treatments. On day 13 after intravenous injection of B16F10-luc cells to establish a lung metastasis model of melanoma in mice, D-luciferin potassium (150 mg/kg) is intraperitoneally injected into the mice.
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Acta Pharm Sin B
Concurrent silencing of TBCE and drug delivery to overcome platinum-based resistance in liver cancer. [Abstract]2023 Mar;13(3):967-981. PMID: 36970197
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Mar;13(3):967-981. [Abstract]
Tumor growth is monitored by bioluminescence imaging. Prior to imaging, D-luciferin substrate is injected intraperitoneally into the mice (150 mg/kg per mouse).
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Autophagy
Artesunate Sensitizes Human hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib via exacerbating AFAP1L2-SRC-FUNDC1 axis-dependent mitophagy. [Abstract]2024 Mar;20(3):541-556. PMID: 37733919 -
Autophagy
The Valsa mali effector Vm1G-1794 protects the aggregated MdEF-Tu from autophagic degradation to promote infection in apple. [Abstract]2023 Jun;19(6):1745-1763. PMID: 36449354 -
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
pH/ROS-Responsive Injectable Hydrogel Co-Loaded with B7-H3 Blocker and NETs Suppressor Boosts OSCC Synergistic Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2026 Apr;13(20):e15431. PMID: 41684277 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Chronic ER Stress Triggers Cell-Surface Chaperones as the Therapeutic Targets of CAR Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. [Abstract]2025 Oct 23:e11573. PMID: 41126722 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
A Novel tRF, HCETSR, Derived From tRNA-Glu/TTC, Inhibits HCC Malignancy by Regulating the SPBTN1-catenin Complex Axis. [Abstract]2025 Feb 8:e2415229. PMID: 39921434 -
J Clin Invest
Targeting RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis overcomes denosumab resistance in models of ER+ breast cancer bone metastasis. [Abstract]2026 May 15;136(10):e199285. PMID: 42138086 -
Biomaterials
Radiation-triggerable bioreactors enable bioenergetic reprograming of cancer stem cell plasticity via targeted arginine metabolism disruption for augmented radio-immunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 May 5:322:123391. PMID: 40344881 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
MMP28 recruits M2-type tumor-associated macrophages through MAPK/JNK signaling pathway-dependent cytokine secretion to promote the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]2025 Feb 19;44(1):60. PMID: 39972459 -
J Nanobiotechnology
AMFR-mediated ER-phagy regulation and therapeutic targeting in osteosarcoma: a multifunctional nanoplatform strategy. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18;23(1):717. PMID: 41250206 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Targeting Dicer reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to promote anti-tumoral immunity in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. [Abstract]2025 Jun 6;23(1):421. PMID: 40481520 -
J Nanobiotechnology
5-FU@HFn combined with decitabine induces pyroptosis and enhances antitumor immunotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]2025 Mar 28;23(1):252. PMID: 40148810 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Combination of ferroptosis and pyroptosis dual induction by triptolide nano-MOFs for immunotherapy of Melanoma. [Abstract]2023 Oct 19;21(1):383. PMID: 37858186
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2023 Oct 19;21(1):383. [Abstract]
On day 15 after intravenous injection of B16F10-luc cells into C57BL/6 mice to establish a melanoma lung metastasis model, D-Luciferin potassium (150 mg/kg) is intrabitoneally injected into the mice, and lung tissue is collected from the mice for bioluminescence imaging.
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Sci Adv
Synergistic antioxidant and gene supplementation for high-efficacy retinitis pigmentosa therapy. [Abstract]2026 May 15;12(20):eaed0154. PMID: 42127191 -
Carbohydr Polym
Characterization and biological activities of a high-yield galactosylated heparan sulfate from Bursatella leachii egg strings. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:375:124760. PMID: 41475732 -
Sci Adv
Macrophage-targeted Mms6 mRNA-lipid nanoparticles promote locomotor functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in mice. [Abstract]2025 Mar 28;11(13):eads2295. PMID: 40138430
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2025 Mar 28;11(13):eads2295. [Abstract]
Briefly, d-luciferin sodium (150 mg/kg in PBS) was injected intraperitoneally into the mice. Fifteen minutes later, mice were euthanized, and the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and spinal cord were collected. Bioluminescence images (yellow-green light) in these tissues were analyzed using Living Image Software (PerkinElmer). Representative in vivo imaging system images of major organs in SCI mice after being administered with firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA-LNPs (0.5 mg mRNA/kg).
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Sci Adv
Epinephrine promotes breast cancer metastasis through a ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22-mediated lipolysis circuit. [Abstract]2024 Aug 16;10(33):eado1533. PMID: 39151008
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2024 Aug 16;10(33):eado1533. [Abstract]
Monitoring of primary tumor growth and the occurrence of lung metastasis was conducted using bioluminescence imaging after intraperitoneal injection of D-luciferin sodium (150 mg/kg).
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Mol Ther
Nicotinamide riboside enhances adoptive T cell therapy by promoting memory differentiation and metabolic fitness. [Abstract]2026 Jun 2:S1525-0016(26)00470-3. PMID: 42231576 -
Asian J Pharm Sci
Non-cytotoxic nanoparticles re-educating macrophages achieving both innate and adaptive immune responses for tumor therapy. [Abstract]2022 Jul;17(4):557-570. PMID: 36101893 -
Plant Cell
RALF33-FERONIA signaling orchestrates postwounding root-tip regeneration via TPR4-ERF115 dynamics. [Abstract]2025 May 5:koaf098. PMID: 40323783 -
Plant Commun
The TATA-box binding protein-associated factor TAF12b facilitates the degradation of type-B response regulators to negatively regulate cytokinin signaling. [Abstract]2024 Sep 2:101076. PMID: 39228128 -
Plant Commun
Clathrin Light Chains negatively regulate plant immunity by hijacking the autophagy pathway. [Abstract]2024 Aug 12;5(8):100937. PMID: 38693694 -
J Control Release
Local delivery of IL-12 mRNA and indoximod prodrug potentiates antitumor immunity by increasing T cell effector function. [Abstract]2025 Jun 18:113970. PMID: 40541741 -
J Hazard Mater
2024 Oct 31:480:136351. PMID: 39488976 -
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J Immunother Cancer
CXCL16-driven CD4+ T cells orchestrate immunosurveillance against MHC-I-deficient hepatocellular tumors. [Abstract]2026 May 12;14(5):e012347. PMID: 42120180 -
J Immunother Cancer
METTL3 promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in bladder cancer via m6A-dependent CXCL5/CCL5 regulation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 15;13(4):e011108. PMID: 40234090 -
Pharmacol Res
Fig-derived exosome-like nanoparticles attenuating bone metastasis of breast cancer through establishing an anti-tumor microenvironment. [Abstract]2026 Feb:224:108088. PMID: 41500295 -
Pharmacol Res
Oligosaccharides from fucosylated glycosaminoglycan prevent breast cancer metastasis in mice by inhibiting heparanase activity and angiogenesis. [Abstract]2021 Apr;166:105527. PMID: 33667689
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2021 Apr;166:105527. [Abstract]
After cell inoculation for 7 days, mice were injected intraperitoneally with D-luciferin substrate at 150 mg/kg and anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (5 mL/kg).
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Cancer Lett
FABP4 in macrophages facilitates obesity-associated pancreatic cancer progression via the NLRP3/IL-1β axis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 28:575:216403. PMID: 37741433 -
Acta Biomater
Mechanically heterogeneous nanofibrous hydrogel drives Piezo1-mediated cell aggregation and collective migration. [Abstract]2026 Jul:218:244-260. PMID: 42270027 -
Adv Healthc Mater
Ultrasonic Cavitation-Manipulated Macrophages Hitchhiking Augments Delivery of Nanocarriers for Active and Efficient Cancer Therapy. [Abstract]2025 Jun 23:e2405061. PMID: 40545970 -
Acta Biomater
Bioorthogonal SERS-bioluminescence dual-modal imaging for real-time tracking of triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. [Abstract]2025 May 1:197:431-443. PMID: 40101869 -
Cell Death Dis
Dual inhibition of HDAC and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways with CUDC-907 attenuates TGFβ1 induced lung and tumor fibrosis. [Abstract]2020 Sep 17;11(9):765. PMID: 32943605
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Sep 17;11(9):765. [Abstract]
At Day 10, 25, and 31, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and then injected with 75 mg/kg D-Luciferin solution for imaging.
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Sci China Life Sci
2022 Feb;65(2):341-361. PMID: 34047913 -
Int J Biol Macromol
circSCYL2 antagonizes hnRNPA2B1-mediated m6A-chromatin crosstalk to promote ferroptosis and inhibit metastasis of breast cancer to brain. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15:149699. PMID: 41407226 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Exosomal microRNA-20b-5p contributes to cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via the microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling axis. [Abstract]2025 Dec;333(Pt 2):148750. PMID: 41197693 -
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Hortic Res
A novel leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase MRK1 regulates resistance to multiple stresses in tomato. [Abstract]2022 Jan 20:9:uhab088. PMID: 35048129 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Okicamelliaside targets the N-terminal chaperone pocket of HSP90 disrupts the chaperone protein interaction of HSP90-CDC37 and exerts antitumor activity. [Abstract]2022 Apr;43(4):1046-1058. PMID: 34326484 -
Phytomedicine
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2025 Dec 7. PMID: 41355201 -
New Phytol
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SlMPK1- and SlMPK2-mediated SlBBX17 phosphorylation positively regulates CBF-dependent cold tolerance in tomato. [Abstract]2023 Sep;239(5):1887-1902. PMID: 37322592
D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: New Phytol. 2023 Sep;239(5):1887-1902. [Abstract]
The full-length coding sequences (CDS) of target genes are cloned into either the pCAMBIA-nLuc or pCAMBIA-cLuc vectors. The resulting recombinant constructs are transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101, which is then infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. After 2 days, the infiltrated leaves are painted with 1 mM D-Luciferin potassium.
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D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: New Phytol. 2022 Dec;236(5):1796-1808. [Abstract]
ERF16-nLUC and CaM2-cLUC vectors are cotransfected in N. benthamiana leaves. 10 min after the abaxial sides of leaves are sprayed with 1 mM Luciferin.
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Neoplasia
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D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12(3):839-856. [Abstract]
HEK293T cells were seeded into a 6-well plate and transfected with in vitro synthesized mRNA containing the luciferase gene by Lipofectamine 2000. Luciferase substrate D-Luciferin sodium salt (1 mM) was added into the culture medium immediately after transfection. Luciferase activity was detected on the GloMax 96 Microplate Luminometer.
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D-Luciferin potassium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Med Chem. 2024 Nov 28;67(22):20100-20117. [Abstract]
The tumor model was established by tail vein injection of luciferase-labeled MOLM-13-Luc cells. After allowing 6 days for tumor growth post-inoculation, daily oral gavage treatment was initiated (designated as day 0 of treatment) at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg. Subsequently, bioluminescence imaging was performed via intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg D-Luciferin potassium.
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 16.67 mg/mL (52.35 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocol
Mice[2]
In vivo BLI is performed using a cooled charge-coupled device camera system (IVIS Imaging System 100) 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 19, 21, 24, and 28 days after the inoculation of HCT116-Luc cells. Mice are injected with 75 mg/kg D-luciferin in 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline subcutaneously. Beginning 5 min after injection, dorsal luminescent images with an exposure time of 1 s are acquired sequentially at a rate of one image per min until 20 min after D-luciferin injection. Data acquisition is continued until 40 min postinjection on days 3 or 5 and until 25 min on day 7, because of the prolonged time course of light emission. Binning is 4 and the field of view is 15 cm.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[2]. Rajesh Shinde, et al. Luciferin derivatives for enhanced in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence assays. Biochemistry. 2006 Sep 19;45(37):11103-12. [Content Brief]
[3]. Inoue Y, et al. Timing of imaging after d-luciferin injection affects the longitudinal assessment of tumor growthusing in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Int J Biomed Imaging. 2010;2010:471408. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 3.1406 mL | 15.7030 mL | 31.4060 mL | 78.5151 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6281 mL | 3.1406 mL | 6.2812 mL | 15.7030 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3141 mL | 1.5703 mL | 3.1406 mL | 7.8515 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2094 mL | 1.0469 mL | 2.0937 mL | 5.2343 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1570 mL | 0.7852 mL | 1.5703 mL | 3.9258 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1256 mL | 0.6281 mL | 1.2562 mL | 3.1406 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1047 mL | 0.5234 mL | 1.0469 mL | 2.6172 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0785 mL | 0.3926 mL | 0.7852 mL | 1.9629 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0628 mL | 0.3141 mL | 0.6281 mL | 1.5703 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.