Influenza virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae group, which are enveloped, segmented, single-stranded negative sense RNA viruses. The group includes three types of influenza viruses, A, B and C. Type B and C viruses only infect humans, but the type A viruses infect humans, horses, swine, other mammals, and a wide variety of domesticated and wild birds. Human influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease almost every winter in the United States. The emergence of a new and very different influenza virus to infect people can cause an influenza pandemic. Influenza type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.
Oseltamivir acid (GS 4071), the active metabolite of Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), is an orally bioavailable, potent and selective inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase (IC50=2 nM) with activity against both influenza A and B viruses.
Aprotinin is a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) inhibitor which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with Kis of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively.
Favipiravir (T-705) is a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, it is phosphoribosylated by cellular enzymes to its active form, Favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate (RTP). Favipiravir-RTP inhibits the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity with IC50 of 341 nM.
SC75741 is a broad and efficient NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 of 200 nM for p65. SC75741 blocks influenza viruses (IV) replication in non-toxic concentrations. SC75741 impairs DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit p65, resulting in reduced expression of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic factors. SC75741 subsequently inhibits caspase activation and blocks caspase-mediated nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins.
Arbidol hydrochloride (Umifenovir hydrochloride) is an broad-spectrum antiviral chemical agent which can inhibit cell entry of enveloped viruses by blocking viral fusion with host cell membrane
IC50 value:
Target: Antiviral; Anti-influenza agent
in vitro: Arbidol was found to present potent inhibitory activity against enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses, including FLU-A, RSV, HRV 14 and CVB3 when added before, during, or after viral infection, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 2.7 to 13.8 microg/ml.
Peramivir trihydrate (RWJ-270201 trihydrate;BCX-1812 trihydrate) is a highly potent, selective and orally active influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 4.3 nM for nine NA subtypes.
RIG-1 modulator 1 is an anti-viral compound which can be useful for the treatment of viral infections including influenza virus, HBV, HCV and HIV extracted from patent WO 2015172099 A1.
