Influenza virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae group, which are enveloped, segmented, single-stranded negative sense RNA viruses. The group includes three types of influenza viruses, A, B and C. Type B and C viruses only infect humans, but the type A viruses infect humans, horses, swine, other mammals, and a wide variety of domesticated and wild birds. Human influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease almost every winter in the United States. The emergence of a new and very different influenza virus to infect people can cause an influenza pandemic. Influenza type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.
Oseltamivir acid (GS 4071; Ro 64-0802; oseltamivir carboxylate), the ethyl ester prodrug of GS 4071, is an inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase with an IC50 of approximately 100 nM.
Aprotinin is a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) inhibitor which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with Kis of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively.
SC75741 is a broad and efficient NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 of 200 nM for p65. SC75741 blocks influenza viruses (IV) replication in non-toxic concentrations. SC75741 impairs DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit p65, resulting in reduced expression of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic factors. SC75741 subsequently inhibits caspase activation and blocks caspase-mediated nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins.
Laninamivir (R 125489) is a potent influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.90 nM, 1.83 nM and 3.12 nM for avian H12N5 NA (N5), pH1N1 N1 NA (p09N1) and A/RI/5+/1957 H2N2 N2 (p57N2), respectively.
Arbidol hydrochloride (Umifenovir hydrochloride) is an broad-spectrum antiviral chemical agent which can inhibit cell entry of enveloped viruses by blocking viral fusion with host cell membrane
IC50 value:
Target: Antiviral; Anti-influenza agent
in vitro: Arbidol was found to present potent inhibitory activity against enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses, including FLU-A, RSV, HRV 14 and CVB3 when added before, during, or after viral infection, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 2.7 to 13.8 microg/ml.
Peramivir trihydrate (RWJ-270201 trihydrate;BCX-1812 trihydrate) is a highly potent, selective and orally active influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 4.3 nM for nine NA subtypes.
RIG-1 modulator 1 is an anti-viral compound which can be useful for the treatment of viral infections including influenza virus, HBV, HCV and HIV extracted from patent WO 2015172099 A1.
