1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Epigenetics
  3. MicroRNA

MicroRNA

miRNA

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a naturally occurring class of small (approximately 22 nucleotides long) non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression to control cellular processes, development, cell differentiation, and homeostasis. MicroRNAs are essential for embryo, cell, and tissue development, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, hence their importance in human reproduction. Meanwhile, abnormal expression or function of miRNAs are found to be closely associated with the occurrence or development of various human diseases, including cancers. In light of their significant roles in physiology and pathology, miRNAs are emerging as novel biomolecular targets for chemical-biological studies, including regulation and detection.

Multiple steps are involved in the generation of miRNAs. Most miRNAs are produced by the canonical biogenesis pathway, which involves transcription by RNA polymerase II to make a primary transcript (pri-miRNA) and cleavage by the microprocessor complex to yield a hairpin precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. The pre-miRNA is then exported into the cytoplasm, where cleavage by the enzyme Dicer creates a double-stranded RNA duplex. Only a single strand from the double-stranded RNA duplex forms the mature miRNA and is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which guides the binding of Argonaute (AGO) proteins in the RISC to the 3’untranslated region (UTR) to either repress protein translation or promote mRNA degradation. In addition to canonical miRNA biogenesis pathways, non-canonical microprocessor-independent or Dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathways also exist. Despite miRNAs being mostly involved in the down-regulation of gene expression, there are reports of miRNAs promoting gene expression. In addition, relationships between miRNAs and their targets are not always one-to-one in a specific cell type. In fact, a single miRNA may regulate many mRNA targets, and conversely, a single mRNA target also can be regulated by many miRNAs.

MicroRNA Related Products (18449):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-16560
    Camptothecin
    99.82%
    Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC50 of 679 nM. Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells.
    Camptothecin
  • HY-100574A
    Cl-amidine hydrochloride
    Activator 99.39%
    Cl-amidine hydrochloride is an orally active peptidylarginine deminase (PAD) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM, 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PAD1, PAD3, and PAD4, respectively. Cl-amidine hydrochloride induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Cl-amidine hydrochloride induces microRNA (miR)-16 (miRNA-16, microRNA-16) expression and causes cell cycle arrest. Cl-Amidine hydrochloride prevents histone 3 citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and improves survival in a murine sepsis model.
    Cl-amidine hydrochloride
  • HY-N0177
    Diosgenin
    Inhibitor 99.20%
    Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression.
    Diosgenin
  • HY-122575
    Aurintricarboxylic acid
    Modulator
    Aurintricarboxylic acid is a nanomolar-potency, allosteric antagonist with selectivity towards αβ-methylene-ATP-sensitive P2X1Rs and P2X3Rs, with IC50s of 8.6 nM and 72.9 nM for rP2X1R and rP2X3R, respectively. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a potent anti-influenza agent by directly inhibiting the neuraminidase. Aurintricarboxylic acid is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II and apoptosis. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a selective inhibitor of the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway. Aurintricarboxylic acid also acts as a cystathionine-lyase (CSE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a modifier of miRNAs that regulate miRNA function, with an IC50 of 0.47 µM.
    Aurintricarboxylic acid
  • HY-139290
    RGLS4326
    RGLS4326 (RG4326) is a first-in-class, short oligonucleotide inhibitor of microRNA-17 (miR-17). RGLS4326 can be used for the research of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). RGLS4326 inhibits miR-17 function in HeLa cells with an EC50 value of 28.3 nM.
    RGLS4326
  • HY-132607
    MTL-CEBPA
    MTL-CEPBA is a small activating RNA targeting for upregulation of C/EBPα. MTL-CEPBA has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.
    MTL-CEBPA
  • HY-R04602A
    MicroRNA Agomir Negative Control
    MicroRNA Agomir Negative Control is a chemically-modified double-strand miRNA mimic, and can be used as a negative control.
    MicroRNA Agomir Negative Control
    MicroRNA Agomir Negative Control
  • HY-RI01768
    hsa-miR-569 inhibitor
    hsa-miR-569 inhibitors are chemically-modified oligonucleotides that hybridize with mature miRNAs. The miRNA inhibitors have full-length nucleotide 2'-methoxy modification. The miRNA inhibitors strongly compete with mature miRNAs to prevent the complementary pairing of miRNAs and their target genes, thereby inhibiting miRNAs from functioning.
    hsa-miR-569 inhibitor
    hsa-miR-569 inhibitor
  • HY-116716
    PIN1 inhibitor API-1
    Activator 98.54%
    PIN1 inhibitor API-1 is a specific Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1) inhibitor (API-1) with an IC50 of 72.3 nM. PIN1 inhibitor API-1 directly and specifically binds to the Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) domain and potently inhibits Pin1 cis-trans isomerizing activity. PIN1 inhibitor API-1 retains the active conformation of pXPO5 and restores the ability of pXPO5 to transport pre-miRNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm, thus up-regulating the anticancer miRNA biogenesis to suppress both in vitro and in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma development.
    PIN1 inhibitor API-1
  • HY-123905
    LIN28 inhibitor LI71
    Inhibitor 98.20%
    LIN28 inhibitor LI71 is a potent and cell-permeable LIN28 inhibitor, which abolishes LIN28-mediated oligouridylation with an IC50 of 7 uM. LIN28 inhibitor LI71 directly binds the cold shock domain (CSD) to suppress LIN28’s activity against let-7 in leukemia cells and embryonic stem cells.
    LIN28 inhibitor LI71
  • HY-B0268A
    Enoxacin hydrate
    Activator 99.85%
    Enoxacin hydrate (Enoxacin sesquihydrate), a fluoroquinolone, interferes with DNA replication and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC50=126 µg/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC50=26.5 µg/ml). Enoxacin hydrate is a miRNA processing activator and enhances siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and promotes the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Enoxacin hydrate has potent activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Enoxacin hydrate is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP)-mediated microRNA processing.
    Enoxacin hydrate
  • HY-R04602
    MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control
    MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control is a miRNA mimic of 21-nucleotides, and can be used as a negative control.
    MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control
    MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control
  • HY-15861
    Targapremir-210
    Inhibitor 98.00%
    Targapremir-210 (TGP-210) is a potent and selective miR-210 (miRNA-210, microRNA-210) inhibitor. Targapremir-210 inhibits pre-miR-210 processing with high binding affinity (Kd~200 nM). Targapremir-210 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
    Targapremir-210
  • HY-19731
    SID 3712249
    Inhibitor 99.91%
    SID 3712249 (MiR-544 Inhibitor 1) is a miR-544 biogenesis inhibitor. SID 3712249 binds directly to the precursor miRNA. SID 3712249 blocks production of the mature microRNA and decreases miR-544, HIF-1α, and ATM transcripts. SID 3712249 can be used in the research of cancers, such as breast cancer.
    SID 3712249
  • HY-N0686
    Pseudoprotodioscin
    Inhibitor 98.76%
    Pseudoprotodioscin, a furostanoside, inhibits SREBP1/2 and microRNA 33a/b levels and reduces the gene expression regarding the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides.
    Pseudoprotodioscin
  • HY-RI04602A
    MicroRNA Antagomir Negative Control
    98.61%
    MicroRNA Antagomir Negative Control is a chemically-modified oligonucleotide (2 phosphorothioates at the 5' end, 4 phosphorothioates at the 3' end, 1 cholesterol group at the 3' end, and full-length nucleotide 2'-methoxy modification), and can be used as a negative control.
    MicroRNA Antagomir Negative Control
    MicroRNA Antagomir Negative Control
  • HY-15843
    MIR96-IN-1
    Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    MIR96-IN-1 targets the Drosha site in the miR-96 (miRNA-96, microRNA-96) hairpin precursor, inhibiting its biogenesis, derepressing downstream targets, and triggering apoptosis in breast cancer cells. MIR96-IN-1 binds to RNAs with Kds of 1.3, 9.4, 3.4, 1.3 and 7.4 μM for RNA1, RNA2, RNA3, RNA4 and RNA5, respectively. MIR96-IN-1 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
    MIR96-IN-1
  • HY-RI00268A
    hsa-miR-138-5p antagomir
    hsa-miR-138-5p antagomirs are chemically-modified oligonucleotides that hybridize with mature miRNAs. The miRNA antagomirs have 2 phosphorothioates at the 5' end, 4 phosphorothioates at the 3' end, 1 cholesterol group at the 3' end, and full-length nucleotide 2'-methoxy modification. The miRNA antagomirs strongly compete with mature miRNAs to prevent the complementary pairing of miRNAs and their target genes, thereby inhibiting miRNAs from functioning. Stability of miRNA antagomirs appears to be significantly higher than miRNA inhibitors, they exhibits enhanced cellular uptake, stability and regulatory activity in vivo.
    hsa-miR-138-5p antagomir
    hsa-miR-138-5p antagomir
  • HY-RI00480A
    hsa-miR-23a-3p antagomir
    hsa-miR-23a-3p antagomirs are chemically-modified oligonucleotides that hybridize with mature miRNAs. The miRNA antagomirs have 2 phosphorothioates at the 5' end, 4 phosphorothioates at the 3' end, 1 cholesterol group at the 3' end, and full-length nucleotide 2'-methoxy modification. The miRNA antagomirs strongly compete with mature miRNAs to prevent the complementary pairing of miRNAs and their target genes, thereby inhibiting miRNAs from functioning. Stability of miRNA antagomirs appears to be significantly higher than miRNA inhibitors, they exhibits enhanced cellular uptake, stability and regulatory activity in vivo.
    hsa-miR-23a-3p antagomir
    hsa-miR-23a-3p antagomir
  • HY-R02691
    mmu-miR-155-5p mimic
    mmu-miR-155-5p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
    mmu-miR-155-5p mimic
    mmu-miR-155-5p mimic